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114 results for “Flow structure”
Dataset from Reese et al.: "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" - PART 1
<p>Model data from the numerical setup of the tidal Elbe presented in Reese et al. (2023): "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" [1]</p><p>PART 1</p><p>Each file contains data for a full month, as given through the file naming convention: description.YYYYMMDD.nc4</p><p>The numerical model uses terrain-following sigma coordniates, with sigma level 0 being the bottommost layer.</p><p>Certain variables are also given in salinity class bins of dimension salt_s instead of vertical coordinates.</p><p>Explanation of each data type:</p><ul><li> 2D_elv_all: Spatially resolved simulated surface elevation from 08/2012 to 12/2013: Tidal analysis Fig. 4, Table 1 (simulated surface elevation vs. time)<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_dia_getm_all: Diahaline analysis Fig. 8, 11: on-line GETM computation of u_dia,z^S in September 2012 and June 2013<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>Elbe_TEF_mean_all: Total Exchange Flow analysis in September 2012 and June 2013, Fig.s 7, 8<ul><li>1-hourly averages</li></ul></li><li>Mixing_mean_all: Physical and numerical Mixing from 08/2012 to 12/2013. Fig. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11<ul><li>44700s temporal resolution (M2 tidal period); averaged over each period</li></ul></li><li>ST_stations: Surface elevation at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013<ul><li>5 min snapshots</li></ul></li><li>SST_stations: Salinity and temperature at given location for comparison with observational data at named station from 08/2012 to 12/2013; Fig. 3, Fig. 5, Table 2<ul><li>30-min snapshots</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><p>[1] L. Reese, U. Graewe, K. Klingbeil, X. Li, M. Lorenz, H. Burchard, 2023:</p><p> Local mixing determines spatial structure of diahaline exchange flow in a</p><p> mesotidal estuary – a study of extreme runoff conditions.</p><p> J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.</p>
Dataset from Reese et al.: "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" - PART 2
<p>Model data from the numerical setup of the tidal Elbe presented in Reese et al. (2023): "Local Mixing Determines Spatial Structure of Diahaline Exchange Flow in a Mesotidal Estuary: A Study of Extreme Runoff Conditions" [1]</p><p>PART 2</p><p>Each file contains data for a full month, as given through the file naming convention: description.YYYYMMDD.nc4</p><p>The numerical model uses terrain-following sigma coordniates, with sigma level 0 being the bottommost layer.</p><p>Certain variables are also given in salinity class bins of dimension salt_s instead of vertical coordinates.</p><p>Explanation of each data type:</p><ul><li>Mean_all: Spatially resolved, temporally varying salt distribution in the Elbe estuary: Fig. 6, 10<ul><li>1-hourly averages</li></ul></li></ul><p> </p><p>[1] L. Reese, U. Graewe, K. Klingbeil, X. Li, M. Lorenz, H. Burchard, 2023:</p><p> Local mixing determines spatial structure of diahaline exchange flow in a</p><p> mesotidal estuary – a study of extreme runoff conditions.</p><p> J. Phys. Oceanogr., in press.</p>
Application of flow cytometry using advanced chromatin analyses for assessing changes in the sperm structure and DNA integrity in a porcine model
<p><span>Chromatin status is critical for sperm fertility. We tested a multivariate approach for studying pig sperm chromatin, aiming to capture the chromatin structure's complexity with a set of quick and simple techniques, not only DNA damage. Sperm doses from 36 boars (3 ejaculates/boar) were analyzed at days 0 and 11 (cooled storage). Analyses were: CASA (motility) and flow cytometry to assess sperm functionality and chromatin structure by SCSA (DNA fragmentation %DFI and chromatin maturity %HDS), monobromobimane (mBBr, tiol status/disulfide bridges between protamines), chromomycin A3 (CMA3, protamination) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG, DNA oxidative damage). Data were analyzed by linear models for effects of boar and storage, correlations, and multivariate analysis as hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA). Storage reduced sperm quality parameters, mainly motility, with no critical oxidative stress increases, while chromatin status worsened slightly (%DFI and 8-oxo-dG increased while mBBr MFI and disulfide bridges decreased). Boar significantly affected most chromatin variables except for CMA3, with storage affecting most except %HDS. At day 0, sperm chromatin variables clustered closely, except for CMA3, and %HDS and 8-oxo-dG correlated with many variables (notably, mBBr). After storage, the relation between %HDS and 8-oxo-dG remained, but correlations among other techniques disappeared, and mBBr variables clustered separately. The PCA suggested a considerable influence of mBBr on sample variance, especially regarding storage, with SCSA and 8-oxo-dG affecting between-sample variability. Overall, CMA3 was the least informative, in contrast with results in other species. The combination of DNA fragmentation, DNA oxidation, chromatin compaction, and tiol status seems a good candidate for obtaining a complete picture of the pig sperm nucleus status, raising many questions for future molecular studies and deserving further research to establish its usefulness as fertility predictors in multivariate models. The meaning of CMA3 should be clarified.</span></p>
Data for: A novel and enhanced calibration of the tilting weir as a flow measurement structure
<p>To achieve reliable and equitable water distribution it is necessary to accurately estimate the volumetric discharge of water flow through rivers and canals. One such method of accomplishing this is by using hydraulic structures, such as the tilting weir. This structure not only can be used to measure the discharge of water on a continuous basis, but also allows for regulating the water level upstream of the structure. Presently, tilting weirs are often used to control water levels, but the literature on their utilization as flow measurement structures has remained sparse. This study presents a thorough analysis of laboratory experiments on scaled models of tilting weirs, where the flow depth upstream of the structure (i.e., head) and the inclination angle are used to calibrate an equation to estimate the discharge to a high degree of accuracy. Operational guidelines to ensure minimum uncertainty in measurement are also given.</p> <p>The data published here include head and discharge measurements for all experiments conducted, including information on the experimental location, date, and model dimensions. Publication of this data is intended to allow other researchers to verify the calibration procedure laid out in the primary article, and as a comparative dataset for future calibrations.</p>
Wireless flow-powered miniature robot capable of traversing tubular structures
<p>Wireless millimeter-scale robots capable of navigating through fluid-flowing tubular structures hold substantial potential for inspection, maintenance, or repair use in nuclear, industrial, and medical applications. However, prevalent reliance on external power constrains their operational range and applicable environments. Alternatives with onboard powering must trade off size, functionality, and operation duration. Here, we propose a wireless millimeter-scale wheeled robot capable of using environmental flows to power and actuate its long-distance locomotion through complex pipelines. The flow-powering module can convert flow energy into mechanical energy, achieving an impeller speed of up to 9595 revolutions per minute, accompanied by an output power density of 11.7 watts per cubic meter and an efficiency of 33.7%. A miniature gearbox module can further transmit the converted mechanical energy into the robot's locomotion system, allowing the robot to move against water flow at an average rate of up to 1.05 meters per second. The robot's motion status (moving against/with flow or pausing) can be switched using an external magnetic field or an onboard mechanical regulator, contingent upon different proposed control designs. Additionally, we design kirigami-based soft wheels for adaptive locomotion. The robot can move against flows of various substances within pipes featuring complex geometries and diverse materials. Solely powered by flow, the robot can transport cylindrical payloads with a diameter of up to 55% of the pipe's diameter and carry devices, such as an endoscopic camera for pipeline inspection, a wireless temperature sensor for environmental temperature monitoring, and a leak-stopper shell for infrastructure maintenance.</p>
Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
<p><span><span>Red deer (</span><span><em>Cervus elaphus</em></span><span>) throughout central Europe are</span> impacted by different anthropogenic activities including habitat fragmentation, selective hunting, and translocations<span>. This has substantial influences on genetic diversity and the long-term conservation of local populations of this species. Here we use genetic samples from 480 red deer individuals to assess the genetic diversity and differentiation of the 12 administrative management units located in Schleswig Holstein, the northernmost federal state in Germany. </span></span><span><span>We applied multiple analytical approaches and show that the history of local populations (i.e., translocations, culling of individuals outside of designated red deer zones, and anthropogenic infrastructures) has led to comparably low levels of genetic diversity. The mean expected heterozygosity was below 0.6 and we observed on average 4.2 alleles across 12 microsatellite loci. Effective population sizes below the recommended level of 50 were estimated for multiple local populations. </span></span><span><span>Our estimates of genetic structure and gene flow show that red deer in northern Germany are best described as a complex network of asymmetrically connected subpopulations, with high genetic exchange among some local populations and reduced connectivity of others. Genetic diversity was also correlated with population densities of neighboring management units. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>Based on these findings, we suggest that connectivity among existing management units needs to be considered in the practical management of the species, which means that some administrative management units should be managed together, while the effective isolation of other units needs to be mitigated.</span></span></p>
Gene flow between wild trees and cultivated varieties shapes the genetic structure of sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations
<p>The sweet chestnut orchards (<em>Castanea sativa</em> Mill.) are traditionally planted in the northern Adriatic region. This study investigates their population structure, as well as the genetic background of three toponymous clonal varieties. Six genomic simple sequence repeat (gSSR) and nine EST-derived SSR (EST-SSR) loci were utilized in this study. We have identified five closely related clones, which represent a singular, polyclonal marron variety, found in all three cultivation areas, acompanied by many hybrids, resulting from the breeding between cultivated and wild chestnuts. </p>
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF FLOW STRUCTURE AND HEAT TRANSFER IN BUBBLING FLUIDIZED BEDS
<p>The videos show the movements of selected particles in different geometries of fluidized bed heat exchangers. Two geometries without auxiliary measures and one with air cushion technology are shown.</p>
On the structure of the drifton phase space and its relation to the Rayleigh–Kuo criterion of the zonal-flow stability
<p>These are the supplementary data that can be used to generate figure 3, 4, and 5 in the manuscript "On the structure of the drifton phase space and its relation to the Rayleigh--Kuo criterion of the zonal-flow stability". The abstract of this manuscript reads as follows:</p> <p>The phase space of driftons (drift-wave quanta) is studied within the generalized Hasegawa--Mima collisionless-plasma model in the presence of zonal flows. This phase space is made intricate by the corrections to the drifton ray equations that were recently proposed by Parker [J. Plasma Phys. 82, 595820602 (2016)] and Ruiz et al. [Phys. Plasmas 23, 122304 (2016)]. Contrary to the traditional geometrical-optics (GO) model of the drifton dynamics, it is found that driftons can be not only trapped or passing, but they can also accumulate spatially while experiencing indefinite growth of their momenta. In particular, it is found that the Rayleigh--Kuo threshold known from geophysics corresponds to the regime when such "runaway" trajectories are the only ones possible. On one hand, this analysis helps visualize the development of the zonostrophic instability, particularly its nonlinear stage, which is studied here both analytically and through wave-kinetic simulations. On the other hand, the GO theory predicts that zonal flows above the Rayleigh--Kuo threshold can only grow; hence, the deterioration of intense zonal flows cannot be captured within a GO model. In particular, this means that the so-called tertiary instability of intense zonal flows cannot be adequately described within the quasilinear wave kinetic equation, contrary to some previous studies.</p>
Selected data from "Small-scale universality in the spectral structure of transitional pipe flows"
<p>Data from Figure 4 and Figure 6 of "Small-scale universality in the spectral structure of transitional pipe flows", Science Advances (2019). Included are spatial spectra normalized with the Kolmogorov scale and viscosity. The collapse of the normalized spectra is indicative of the small-scale universality predicted by Kolmogorov. The data are taken from turbulent and transitional pipe flows at different Re and different positions from the wall from both experiments and simulations (experiments are at the centerline only).</p>
Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic structure and gene flow of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
<p>The oriental armyworm, <i>Mythimna separata</i>, is a serious agricultural pest in China. Seasonal and roundtrip migration has recently led to sudden, localized outbreaks and crop losses. To evaluate genetic differentiation between populations in eastern and western China and elucidate gene flow, the genetic structure of 20 natural populations from nine provinces was examined using seven microsatellite markers. The results indicated high genetic diversity. However, little to moderate (0 < <i>F</i><sub>ST</sub> < 0.15) genetic differentiation was detected, and there was no correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance. Bayesian clustering analysis identified three groups whereas discriminant analysis of principal components identified ten clusters that were considered as two clear‐cut clusters and one admixed group. Gene flow occurred frequently in most population pairs, and an asymmetrical migration rate was detected in several pairwise population comparisons. The bottleneck test showed that few populations had experienced recent bottlenecks. Correspondingly, large‐scale and long‐distance migration of <i>M. separata</i> has caused low genetic differentiation and frequent gene exchange. Our findings are important for studying genetic evolution and help to improve predictions of <i>M. separata</i> outbreaks in China.</p>
Fine-scale spatial genetic structure, mating and gene flow dispersal patterns in Parkia biglobosa populations under different levels of habitat fragmentation
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Microsatellite-based analysis of genetic structure and gene flow of Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in China
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Data from: Impact of a putative riverine barrier on genomic population structure and gene flow in the presence of sexual selection
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Data from: Genetic analysis of red deer (Cervus elaphus) administrative management units in a human-dominated landscape - patterns of genetic diversity, population structure and gene flow
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Data from: Population structure, ancestral admixture, gene flow, and landscape association of blacklegged ticks during range expansion in the Midwestern U.S.
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Data from: A genomic assessment of population structure and gene flow in an aquatic salamander identifies the roles of spatial scale, barriers, and river architecture
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Wireless flow-powered miniature robot capable of traversing tubular structures
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Data for: A novel and enhanced calibration of the tilting weir as a flow measurement structure
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Data from: Spatial scales of genetic structure and gene flow in Calochortus albus (Liliaceae)
Calochortus (Liliaceae) displays high species richness, restriction of many individual taxa to narrow ranges, geographic coherence of individual clades, and parallel adaptive radiations in different regions. Here we test the first part of a hypothesis that all of these patterns may reflect gene flow at small geographic scales. We use amplified fragment length polymorphism variation to quantify the geographic scales of spatial genetic structure and apparent gene flow in Calochortus albus, a widespread member of the genus, at Henry Coe State Park in the Coast Ranges south of San Francisco Bay. Analyses of 254 mapped individuals spaced 0.001–14.4 km apart show a highly significant decline in genetic identity with ln distance, implying a root-mean-square distance of gene flow σ of 5–43 m. STRUCTURE analysis implies the existence of 2–4 clusters over the study area, with frequent reversals among clusters over short distances (<200 m) and a relatively high frequency of admixture within individuals at most sampling sites. While the intensity of spatial genetic structure in C. albus is weak, as measured by the Sp statistic, that appears to reflect low genetic identity of adjacent plants, which might reflect repeated colonizations at small spatial scales or density-dependent mortality of individual genotypes by natural enemies. Small spatial scales of gene flow and spatial genetic structure should permit, under a variety of conditions, genetic differentiation within species at such scales, setting the stage ultimately for speciation and adaptive radiation as such scales as well.
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