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62 results for “Food chain”
Data from: Terrigenous subsidies in lakes support zooplankton production mainly via a green food chain and not the brown food chain
<p><span>Terrestrial organic matter (t-OM) has been recognized as an important cross-boundary subsidy to aquatic ecosystems. However, recent evidence has shown that t-OM contributes little to promote secondary production in lakes because it is low quality food for aquatic consumers. To resolve this conflict, we performed a field experiment using leaf litter as t-OM. In the experiment, we monitored zooplankton biomass in enclosures with and without addition of leaf litter under shaded and unshaded conditions and assessed food web changes with stable isotope analyses. We then examined whether or not leaf litter indeed stimulates lake secondary production and, if it does, which food chain, the detritus-originated food chain ("brown" food chain) or the algae-originated food chain ("green" food chain), contributes more to this increase. Analyses with stable isotopes showed a substantial importance of t-OM in supporting the secondary production under ambient lake conditions. However, addition of the leaf litter increased the zooplankton biomass under unshaded conditions but not under shaded conditions. We found that phosphorus was leached from leaf litter at much faster rate than organic carbon and nitrogen despite its low content in the leaf litter. These results showed that leaf litter stimulated the increase of zooplankton biomass mainly through the green food chain rather than through the brown food chain, because the leaf litter supplied limiting nutrients (i.e., phosphorus) for primary producers. Our results indicate that the functional stoichiometry of the subsidized organic matter plays a crucial role in determining the relative importance of brown and green food chains in promoting production at higher trophic levels in recipient ecosystems.</span></p>
Quantitative tracking of nanoplastics along the food chain from lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to snails (Cantareus aspersus)
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Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length revealed by meta-analysis
<p><span>Ecologists have long sought to understand the forces determining food chain lengths (FCLs). Multiple hypotheses have proposed a diverse array of potential environmental determinants of FCL, typically including ecosystem size, resource productivity, and disturbance. Yet, many empirical studies have found that FCL responses to these environmental variables can be positive as well as negative. To explain such mixed responses, we develop a simple yet comprehensive, site-occupancy dynamic framework for complex food webs by integrating multiple environmental drivers. With the competition-colonization tradeoff among basal species, our model shows that increasing ecosystem size results in a monotonic increase in FCL as a whole, while FCL displays a non-linear, oscillatory response to resource productivity or disturbance in benign environments. These predictions are generally supported by our meta-analysis of an empirical dataset compiled from diverse aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, this unifying framework offers a novel mechanistic explanation for observed variation in FCLs driven by multiple environmental factors.</span></p>
You are what your host eats: The trophic structure and food chain length of a symbiont community are coupled with the plastic diet of the host ant
<p>Food chain length provides key information on the flow of nutrients and energy in ecosystems. Variation in food chain length has primarily been explained by environmental drivers such as ecosystem size and productivity. Most insights are obtained from theory or aquatic systems, but the importance of these drivers remains largely untested in terrestrial systems.</p> <p>We exploited red wood ant nests markedly differing in size as natural experiments to quantify the drivers of trophic structure and food chain length of their symbiont arthropod communities. Using stable isotopes, we explored the variation in the trophic positions of four symbiont species with the trophic position of the top predator as a proxy for food chain length of the symbiont community. </p> <p>Nest size did not affect food chain length, nor trophic distance between the symbionts. Instead, food chain length and the trophic positions of the symbionts were strongly affected by the host's foraging decisions. When the host diet shifted from predominantly herbivorous to more predacious, the trophic position of the symbionts and food chain length strongly increased.</p> <p>We show for the first time that a food web can be structured by biotic interactions with an engineering species rather than by abiotic environmental variable</p>
Data from: Microcystins bioaccumulate but do not biomagnify in an experimental aquatic food chain
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Distribution and food chain assimilation of New Zealand mud snails in Spirit Lake, Washington, USA
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Data from: Terrigenous subsidies in lakes support zooplankton production mainly via a green food chain and not the brown food chain
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Towards a mechanistic understanding of variation in aquatic food chain length revealed by meta-analysis
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You are what your host eats: The trophic structure and food chain length of a symbiont community are coupled with the plastic diet of the host ant
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Data From: Shortened food chain length in a fished versus unfished coral reef
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Hunters versus Hunted: New perspectives on the physiological costs of survival at the top of the food chain
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Innovafrica project data on agricultural food value chains
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Isotope analyses of amino acids in fungi and fungal feeding Diptera larvae allow differentiating ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi-based food chains
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Data from: Regime shifts shorten food chains for mesopredators with potential sublethal effects
1. Predator populations are in decline globally. Exploitation, as well as habitat degradation and associated changes in prey availability are key drivers of this process of trophic downgrading. In the short term, longevity and dietary adaptability of large-bodied consumers can mask potential sub-lethal effects of a changing prey base, producing a delayed effect that may be difficult to detect. 2. In coral reef ecosystems, regime shifts from coral- to algae-dominated states caused by coral bleaching significantly alter the assemblage of small-bodied reef fish associated with a reef. The effects of this changing prey community on reef-associated mesopredators remains poorly understood. 3. This study found that the total diversity, abundance and biomass of piscivorous mesopredators was lower on regime-shifted reefs than recovering reefs, 16 years after the 1998 mass coral bleaching event. 4. We used stable isotope analyses to test for habitat-driven changes in the trophic niche occupied by a key piscivorous fishery target species on reefs that had regime-shifted or recovered following climatic disturbance. Using morphometric indices, histology, and lipid analyses, we also investigated whether there were sub-lethal costs for fish on regime-shifted reefs. 5. Stable isotopes demonstrated that fish from regime-shifted reefs fed further down the food chain, compared to recovering reefs. Lower densities of hepatocyte vacuoles in fish from regime-shifted reefs, and reduced lipid concentrations in spawning females from these reefs, indicated a reduction in energy stores, constituting a sub-lethal and potential delayed effect on populations. 6. Reduced energy reserves in mesopredators could lead to energy allocation trade-offs, and decreased growth rates, fecundity, and survivorship, resulting in potential population declines in the longer term.
Data from: Moving beyond linear food chains: trait-mediated indirect interactions in a rocky intertidal food web
In simple, linear food chains, top predators can have positive indirect effects on basal resources by causing changes in the traits (e.g. behaviour, feeding rates) of intermediate consumers. Although less is known about trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs) in more complex food webs, it has been suggested that such complexity dampens trophic cascades. We examined TMIIs between a predatory crab (Carcinus maenas) and two ecologically important basal resources, fucoid algae (Ascophyllum nodosum) and barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides), which are consumed by herbivorous (Littorina littorea) and carnivorous (Nucella lapillus) snails, respectively. Because crab predation risk suppresses snail feeding rates, we hypothesized that crabs would also shape direct and indirect interactions among the multiple consumers and resources. We found that the magnitude of TMIIs between the crab and each resource depended on the suite of intermediate consumers present in the food web. Carnivorous snails (Nucella) transmitted TMIIs between crabs and barnacles. However, crab–algae TMIIs were transmitted by both herbivorous (Littorina) and carnivorous (Nucella) snails, and these TMIIs were additive. By causing Nucella to consume fewer barnacles, crab predation risk allowed fucoids that had settled on or between barnacles to remain in the community. Hence, positive interactions between barnacles and algae caused crab–algae TMIIs to be strongest when both consumers were present. Studies of TMIIs in more realistic, reticulate food webs will be necessary for a more complete understanding of how predation risk shapes community dynamics.
Food upcycling strategies applied by the listed companies involved in food value chain
<p>The DataSet contains a set of data that informs the analyses conducted for the study of food upcycling strategies applied by the listed companies involved in the food value chain.</p> <p><span>This paper aims to discover the main directions of scientific discourse on food upcycling and cross-check it with the perspective of leading food chain companies. Scientific discourse was analyzed using a systematic literature review using defined query and network analysis. Theme time, the perspective of a leading food chain company, was approached through the content analysis of annual reports of listed companies. A replicable analysis approach was developed and demonstrated on two samples of companies listed on two European stock exchanges.</span></p> <p><span>Bibliometric research shows that research on upcycling topics is characterized by a high level of atomization, which may indicate an early sta research stage in this field. Qualitative research on non-financial annual reports published by selected companies has shown that currently, companies do not widely use upcycling in business practice. The authors attribute this state of affairs, among others, to the lack of a uniform reporting standard covering upcycling. Another conclusion from the study is that companies operating in the food value chain closer to the consumer are more likely to initiate activities with the potential for upcycling.</span></p>
Dashboard "Communication technologies used and parameters measured in Food Supply Chains in the scientific literature"
<p>This dashboard collects information about the communication technologies used and parameters measured in several scientific papers. Data can be filtered according to different criteria:</p> <ol> <li>Year of publication of the paper.</li> <li>Main topic in which the objetive of the paper is framed within.</li> <li>Stage of the food supply chain where the study is developed.</li> <li>Product group according to the Classification of Products by Activity (CPA) of the European Union.</li> </ol> <p>This dashboard was created by Manuel Amador Cervera for the University of Deusto in the context of the Horizon 2020 project "FOODRUS". The information contained in it refers to the scientific publications outlined in the table that can be found in the "References" sheet.<br> This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research & Innovation programme under Grant Agreement no. 101000617. This dashboard is the sole responsibility of the University of Deusto, and the European Union or any user is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein.</p>
Data for the project: Climatic impacts on the availability and transfer of chemical elements through Arctic terrestrial food-chains: a pilot study
<p>Uploaded data contain trace element concentrations measured in various biological samples collected at Zackenberg Research station (northeast Greenland) in August 2021</p> <p>Fifty (50) sample plots were visited to collect invertebrates (using pitfalls) and sample soil, vegetation, muskox feces and wool.</p> <p>The sheet PlotInfo provides information on the sample plots, which were placed using a stratified random placement procedure across 5 vegetation types and the elevational gradient</p> <p>The sheet Soil contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the soil samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Vegetation contains trace element concentrations (ppm) as well as N and C (%) measured in the vegetation samples across all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Insects contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the various insect groups captured in pitfall traps in 9 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox feces contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in the feces samples collected at all 50 sample plots</p> <p>The sheet Muskox Wool contains trace element concentrations (ppm) measured in 25 wool samples collected throughout the sampling area (not at specific sample plots).</p> <p> </p> <p>Trace element concentrations were measured at the ICP-MS platform at the Observatoirie Midi-Pyrenees, Toulouse, France</p> <p>N and C analyses were done at Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark</p> <p> </p> <p>For further information on the project, samples, methods used contact flbe@ecos.au.dk</p>
Nutritional Status and Emotional Well-being of the Worker-consumer in the Food Supply Chain.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06896877. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 8.
Parasites in kelp-forest food webs increase food-chain length, complexity, and specialization, but reduce connectance
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.