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1,380 results for “Foraging”
Fig. 3 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA
Fig. 3. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 2 entitled as settled upon the bottom. The sub-phases are named as (a) smooth-landing (two leftmost drawings); (b) roughlanding (two rightmost drawings). The arrow indicates the direction and the intensity of the movement. Thicker arrow means a more intense and/or abrupt and/or rapid movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.
Fig. 4 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA
Fig. 4. Illustrations of species-typical patterns of foraging behavior performed by Hypanus americanus in the FNA in phase 3 entitled as secondary search (on the bottom). The sub-phases are named as (a) reverse on the bottom; (b) rotation on the bottom; (c) short forward displacement; (d) hit the bottom; (e) digging; (f) jetting water; (g) passive inspection; (h) active inspection. The arrow indicates the direction of the movement. The figures were drawn using original still photographs.
Fig. 1 in Unravelling the foraging behavior of the southern stingray, Hypanus americanus (Myliobatiformes: Dasyatidae) in a Southwestern Atlantic MPA
Fig. 1. Map of the study sites in the Fernando de Noronha Arquipelago (FNA). The darker lines indicate the 20m and 50m isobaths. Inside the thinner line, there is the Marine Protected Area (MPA), while outside it, there is the Environmental Protection Area (EPA) for sustainable use. Both areas comprehend the land and insular shelf up to 50m isobaths. Circles indicate the sampling locations where focal-animal, ad libitum and intensive search methods were used; triangles indicate the sampling locations where only the intensive search method was used (see Material and Methods).
Fig. 8 in Foraging behavior interactions between the invasive Nile Tilapia (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) and three large native predators
Fig. 8. Activity (inactive, swimming and avoidance) by the Nile Tilapia (mean ± SD) in the tanks with Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (white circles), Salminus brasiliensis (white squares) and Brycon orbignyanus (black triangles), for 0%, 50%, 100% and RD treatments. The three-way ANOVA for these data suggested interaction (P =0.029) among species, structural complexity and activity. The avoidance activity was not observed.
Data from: Linking pollen foraging of megachilid bees to their nest bacterial microbiota
<p>Solitary bees build their nests by modifying the interior of natural cavities and they provision them with food by importing collected pollen. As a result, the microbiota of the solitary bee nests may be highly dependent on introduced materials. In order to investigate how the collected pollen is associated with the nest microbiota, we used metabarcoding of the ITS2 rDNA and the 16S rDNA to simultaneously characterize the pollen composition and the bacterial communities of 100 solitary bee nest chambers belonging to seven megachilid species. We found a weak correlation between bacterial and pollen alpha-diversity and significant associations between the composition of pollen and that of the nest microbiota, contributing to the understanding of the link between foraging and bacteria acquisition for solitary bees. Since solitary bees cannot establish bacterial transmission routes through eusociality, this link could be essential for obtaining bacterial symbionts for this group of valuable pollinators.</p>
Data from: Foraging behaviour and habitat-use drives niche segregation in sibling seabird species
<p>To mediate competition, similar sympatric species are assumed to utilise different resources, or the same but geographically separated resources. The two giant petrels (<em>Macronectes</em> spp.) are intriguing in that they are morphologically similar seabirds with overlapping diets and distributions. To better understand the mechanisms allowing their co-existence, we investigated intra- and interspecific niche segregation at Marion Island (Southern Indian Ocean), one of the few localities where they breed in sympatry. We used GPS tracks from 94 individuals and remote-sensed environmental data to quantify habitat-use, combined with blood carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios from 90 individuals to characterise their foraging habitat and trophic ecology. Females of both species made distant at sea foraging trips and fed at a similar trophic level. However, they used distinct pelagic habitats. In contrast, males of both species mainly foraged on or near land, resulting in significant sexual segregation, but high interspecific habitat and diet overlap. However, some males showed flexible behavioural strategies, also making distant, pelagic foraging trips. Using contemporaneous tracking, environmental and stable isotope data we provide a clear example of how sympatric sibling species can be segregated along different foraging behaviour dimensions.</p>
Figure 2 in Does nutritional status constrain adoption of more costly and less risky foraging behaviour in an Amazonian shelter-building spider?
Figure 2. Relationship between predicted probability of spider Hingstepeira folisecens (Hingston 1932) (Araneidae) exhibiting a pulling foraging behaviour to catch prey and body condition index (BCI – standardized residuals from a regression of abdomen volume on carapace area) in one region of Central Amazonia, Brazil. '1' represents occurrence of pulling behaviour and '0' represents absence of spider response or use of pursuing behaviour (n = 19).
Figure 1 in Home range and foraging habitat selection by breeding lesser kestrels (Falco naumanni) in Greece
Figure 1. Minimum convex polygon home ranges (outer: 100%, interior: 95% of locations) of male (A) and female (B) lesser kestrels during the breeding season in central Greece, 2008.
Systematics of a Neotropical clade of dead-leaf-foraging antwrens (Aves: Thamnophilidae; Epinecrophylla)
<p>The stipple-throated antwrens of the genus <i>Epinecrophylla</i> (Aves: Thamnophilidae) are represented by eight species primarily found in the lowlands of the Amazon Basin and the Guiana Shield. The genus has a long and convoluted taxonomic history, with many attempts made to address the taxonomy and systematics of the group. Here we employ massively parallel sequencing of thousands of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to provide both the most comprehensive subspecies-level phylogeny of <i>Epinecrophylla</i> antwrens and the first population-level genetic analyses for most species in the genus. Most of our results are robust to a diversity of phylogenetic and population genetic methods, but we show that even with thousands of loci we are unable to fully resolve the relationships between some western Amazonian species in the <i>haematonota </i>group. We uncovered phylogenetic relationships between taxa and patterns of population structure that are discordant with both morphology and current taxonomy. For example, we found deep genetic breaks between taxa in the <i>ornata </i>group that are currently regarded as species, and in the <i>haematonota </i>and <i>leucophthalma</i> groups we found paraphyly at the species and subspecies levels, respectively. As has been found in many Amazonian taxa, our phylogenetic results show that the major river systems of the Amazon Basin appear to have an effect on the genetic structure and range limits within <i>Epinecrophylla</i>. Our population genetics analyses showed extensive admixture between some taxa despite their deep genetic divergence. We present a revised taxonomy for the group and suggest areas for further study.</p>
Novel Foraging Behaviors of Scolopendra dehaani (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) in Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
<p>Data from three observations of <em>Scolopendra dehaani</em> predation on vertebrate prey, and two supplemental observations further highlighting diurnal foraging and use of trees. Observation data from Nakhon Ratchasima province, Thailand. Included: photographic evidence of predation observations, diurnal foraging, and arboreality with a .csv file with corresponding event data.</p> <p> </p> <p>Data_S.dehaani_observations.csv file column headings:</p> <p>folderID: The Zenodo folder ID containing the photographic or video evidence of events.</p> <p>obvdate: Date of observation (mm/dd/yyyy)</p> <p>obvtime: Time of observation (24hr; ICT)</p> <p>Easting_utm: UTM easting (Datum WGS84)</p> <p>Northing_utm: UTM northing (Datum WGS84)</p> <p>ups_zone: UTM Zone (47N or 48N)</p> <p>gps_accuracy: Accuracy of GPS location (m)</p> <p>notes: Comments and details on events/observations</p>
Effects of wind on honeybee and bumblebee foraging behaviour on multiple plant species
<p>Dataset of results used for two publications. It shows the foraging behaviours of honeybees and bumblebees on multiple plant species in different wind speeds,</p>
Data from: Diversification rates have no effect on the convergent evolution of foraging strategies in the most speciose genus of bats, Myotis
<p>Adaptive radiations are defined as rapid diversification with phenotypic innovation led by colonization to new environments. Notably, adaptive radiations can occur in parallel when habitats with similar selective pressures are accessible promoting convergent adaptions. While convergent evolution appears to be a common process, it is unclear what are the main drivers leading the reappearance of morphologies or ecological roles. We explore this question in <i>Myotis</i> bats, the only Chiropteran genus with a worldwide distribution. Three foraging strategies –gleaning, trawling, and aerial netting– repeatedly evolved in several regions of the world, each linked to characteristic morphologies recognized as ecomorphs. Phylogenomic, morphometric, and comparative approaches were adopted to investigate convergence of such foraging strategies and skull morphology as well as factors that explain diversification rates. Genomic and morphometric data were analyzed from ~80% extant taxa. Results confirm that the ecomorphs evolved multiple times, with trawling evolving more often and foliage gleaning most recently. Skull morphology does not reflect common ancestry, evolves convergently with foraging strategy. While diversification rates have been roughly constant across the genus, speciation rates are area-dependent in taxa with temperate distributions. Results suggest that in this species-rich group of bats, first, stochastic processes have led divergence into multiple lineages. Then, natural selection in similar niches has promoted repeated adaptation of phenotypes and foraging strategies. <i>Myotis</i> bats are thus a remarkable case of ecomorphological convergence and an emerging model system for investigating the genomic basis of parallel adaptive radiation.</p>
Supplementary material for: Interindividual variability in flower pickiness by foraging bumblebees
<h3>ABSTRACT</h3> <p><span lang="EN-GB"> Pollinators navigate complex and heterogeneous “flower markets”, where floral resources vary in quality, availability, and spatial distribution. Bumblebees, as generalist foragers, visit numerous flowers during their foraging bouts, yet the factors influencing their flower choices and the individual differences in foraging behaviour remain poorly understood. Here, we tested how bees adjust their foraging in response to different reward structures. <em>Bombus terrestris</em> workers completed three foraging bouts in two artificial flower environments: one simulating a favourable environment with patches alternating high- and low-quality flowers (40% vs. 20% w/w sucrose solution), and the other a challenging environment with high-quality flowers alongside unrewarded ones (40% w/w sucrose solution vs. plain water). We hypothesised that bees would improve their foraging efficiency in both environments, but more rapidly in the more extreme one, where the greater reward difference creates stronger pressure to learn quickly. In both conditions, bees increased their sucrose intake per unit time over bouts. We also observed consistent differences in flower selectivity among individuals: in the favourable environment, bees that first visited high-quality flowers focused on them and avoided low-quality ones (became “picky”), while bees that first visited low-quality flowers kept visiting both types. Despite these differences, bees across environments and pickiness levels all reached similar sucrose intake rates by the third foraging bout, either by becoming more selective, collecting more sucrose solution, or reducing time spent foraging. These findings highlight the adaptability of bee foraging and suggest that early flower experiences may contribute to lasting individual differences in foraging behaviour.</span></p>
Tropical range extending herbivorous fishes gain foraging benefits by shoaling with native temperate species
<p>Data1.csv contains the data to analyze the abundance of fish herbivore individuals as a function of the species and the type of shoal. </p> <p>Data2.xlsx contains the data to analyze the foraging activity of the herbivorous fish found in our study. We explored the relationship between bite rates per fish min-1 and the species, shoal type and shoal size. </p> <p>Data3.xlslx contains the data to analyze the shoaling configurations based on species origin. </p> <p>Minguito-Frutos_etal.R contains the R reproducible code to run all the analyses carried out in this study. </p> <p>Species_coocurrence_based_associations.R contains the reproducible R code to run the analyses to explore the strength of mixed-species associations between herbivorous fish. </p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------</p> <p>Data1.csv, Data2.xlsx, Data3.xlslx, and Minguito-Frutos_etal.R contains the data and code used before submitting this work. </p> <p>-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br><br>Minguito_Frutos_etal2025_SR_Rscript, Data_Rev_SR, and Data2_Rev_SR contain the data and code derived from the last submission to Scientific Reports. In this latest version, we modified our analyses of fish foraging activity that now evaluate: (i) the frequency and size of mixed-species shoals based on the origin of the species examined (using data in Data2_Rev_SR), (ii) the strength of pair-wise associations between native and range-expanding species (using Species_coocurrence_based_associations.R), and (iii) how the foraging activity of native and range-extending fishes was shaped by the composition and size of the shoals (using data in Data_Rev_SR). </p>
Data from: foraging and the importance of knowledge in Pemba, Tanzania: implications for childhood evolution
<p>Childhood is a period of life unique to humans. Childhood may have evolved through the need to acquire knowledge and subsistence skills. In an effort to understand the functional significance of childhood, previous research examined increases with age in returns to foraging across food resources. Such increases could be due to changes in knowledge, or other factors such as body size or strength. Here we attempt to unpack these age-related changes. First we estimate age-specific foraging returns for two resources. We then develop non-linear structural equation models to evaluate the relative importance of ecological knowledge, grip strength, and height in a population of part-time children foragers on Pemba island, Tanzania. We use anthropometric measures, estimates of ecological knowledge, and behavioral observations for 63 individuals across 370 foraging trips. We find slower increases in foraging returns with age for trap hunting than for shellfish collection. We do not detect any effect of individual knowledge on foraging returns, potentially linked to information-sharing within foraging parties. Producing accurate estimates of the distinct contribution of specific traits to an individual's foraging performance constitutes a key step in evaluating different hypotheses for the emergence of childhood.</p>
Exaggerated mandibles are correlated with enhanced foraging efficacy in male Auckland tree wētā
<p class="MsoNormal">Sexual selection has driven the evolution of weaponry for males to fight rivals to gain access to females. Although weapons <span>are predicted to increase males' reproductive success, they are also expected to</span> incur costs and may impair functional activities, including foraging. Using feeding assays, we tested whether the enlarged mandibles of Auckland tree wētā (<em>Hemideina thoracica</em>) impact feeding activity (the total volume of biomass consumed, bite rate, and number of foraging visits) and foraging behaviour (time spent moving, feeding, or stationary). We predicted that increased mandible length in male wētā would hinder their feeding rates. However, we found that wētā with longer heads fed at a faster rate and spent less time foraging than wētā with smaller heads, regardless of sex. Contrary to expectations that weapons impede functional activities, our results demonstrate that exaggerated traits can improve feeding performance and may offer benefits other than increased mating success.</p>
Periodical cicadas disrupt trophic dynamics via community-level shifts in Avian Foraging
<p>Once every 13 or 17 years within eastern North American deciduous forests, billions of periodical cicadas concurrently emerge from the soil and briefly satiate a diverse array of naive consumers, offering a rare opportunity to assess the cascading impacts of an ecosystem-wide resource pulse on a complex food web. Here, we quantify the effects of the 2021 Brood X emergence, and report that >80 bird species opportunistically switched their foraging to include cicadas, releasing herbivorous insects from predation, and essentially doubling both caterpillar densities and accumulated herbivory levels on host oak trees. These short-lived but massive emergence events help us to understand how resource pulses can rewire interaction webs and disrupt energy flows in ecosystems, with potentially long-lasting effects. </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Foraging mode constrains the evolution of cephalic horns in lizards and snakes
<p>A phylogenetically diverse minority of snake and lizard species exhibit rostral and ocular appendages that substantially modify the shape of their heads. These cephalic horns have evolved multiple times in diverse squamate lineages, enabling comparative tests of hypotheses on the benefits and costs of these distinctive traits. Here, we demonstrate correlated evolution between the occurrence of horns and foraging mode. We argue that although horns may be beneficial for various functions (e.g., camouflage, defence) in animals that move infrequently, they make active foragers more conspicuous to prey and predators, and hence are maladaptive. We therefore expected horns to be more common in species that ambush prey (entailing low movement rates) rather than in actively searching (frequently moving) species. Consistent with that hypothesis, our phylogenetic comparative analysis of published data on 1,939 species reveals that cephalic horns occur almost exclusively in sit-and-wait predators. This finding underlines how foraging mode constrains the morphology of squamates and provides a compelling starting point for similar studies in other animal groups.</p>
FIG. 8 in Les forages de Juzanvigny (Aube, France): lithobiostratigraphie des formations du Barrémien à l'Albien moyen dans l'est du bassin de Paris et datations par les ammonites
FIG. 8. — Position stratigraphique du forage AUB 111 dans l'Albien-type de l'Aube et organisation géométrique des dépôts entre l'Albien en grande partie sableux de l'Yonne et celui essentiellement argileux de l'Aube et du Perthois (modifié d'après Amédro & Matrion 2014). Le forage AUB 111 recoupe un intervalle équivalent aux principaux affleurements suivants: berges de la rivière Aube à Unienville, carrière de Montreuil-sur-Barse, fosse creusée au fond du réservoir Aube à Pogains et carrière de Courcelles, mais dans une suite lithologique continue, dépourvue de lacunes d'observation.
Foraging behavior of tagged rock ants (Temnothorax rugatulus)
<p><span>Technological advances continue to push the boundaries of scientific inquiry in animal behavior. One such development is the emergence of automated tracking systems, which enable the collection of high-resolution spatio-temporal information for animals. Although tag-based tracking systems provide valuable insights into animal movement and collective behavior, the attachment of devices can have detrimental effects in some cases. Here, we investigated the effects of recently developed miniature tracking tags using the rock ant, </span><em><span>Temnothorax rugatulus</span></em><span>, as a model system. To do so, we compared the foraging activities of tagged ants and untagged ants (who lost their tags) within initially fully-tagged colonies. Additionally, we compared the foraging activities of these initially fully-tagged colonies with those of no-tag control colonies (no one was tagged). We found that tags did not significantly reduce individual activity, with tagged ants visiting the food source as frequently as untagged ants within initially fully-tagged colonies. However, our analysis revealed a marked difference in recruitment behavior—tagged ants were less likely to participate in tandem runs than untagged ants. Furthermore, the number of tandem runs was higher for the no-tag control colonies than the initially fully-tagged colonies, in which 69–95% of colony members had tags. Our data suggest, for the first time, that tracking tags can negatively impact ant behavior. Although tracking devices are powerful tools for understanding complex behavioral patterns, it is crucial to carefully consider their potential impact on animal behavior to ensure accurate conclusions.</span></p>
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