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Wind speed and direction data from benchmark stations at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 1973 to present
A three-level hydro-climatological network for data monitoring was established in 1994. The networks at each level are nested to form a coordinated program of data acquisition and measurement. A future vision of linking the benchmark meteorological stations with regional weather stations to expand the future scope of studies was also considered in designing this network. The first-level in this top-down approach consists of Benchmark Meteorological Stations (BMS) and Benchmark Stream Stations. The BMS are designed to represent the environment across the Andrews. These stations are intended to provide complete, long-term, high temporal resolution, meso-scale hydroclimatological data. The location of the BMS network is based on factors such as elevation, aspect, vegetation gradients, and accessibility. Collected meteorological parameters are generally standardized across the BMS as well as methods and instrumentation. Secondary Meteorological Stations also follow standardized methods and serve similar purposes but are somewhat limited in meteorological parameters collected. The Primary Meteorological Station (PRIMET), Central Meteorological Station (CENMET), Upper Lookout Meteorological Station (UPLMET), and Vanilla Leaf Meteorological Station (VANMET) are the four Benchmark Stations, Climatic Station at Watershed 2 (CS2MET) and the Hi-15 Meteorological Station (H15MET) are Secondary Stations. These wind parameters were previously part of database code MS001, but were separated out into their own database in 2024.
Solar radiation data from benchmark stations at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 1973 to present
A three-level hydro-climatological network for data monitoring was established in 1994. The networks at each level are nested to form a coordinated program of data acquisition and measurement. A future vision of linking the benchmark meteorological stations with regional weather stations to expand the future scope of studies was also considered in designing this network. The first-level in this top-down approach consists of Benchmark Meteorological Stations (BMS) and Benchmark Stream Stations. The BMS are designed to represent the environment across the Andrews. These stations are intended to provide complete, long-term, high temporal resolution, meso-scale hydroclimatological data. The location of the BMS network is based on factors such as elevation, aspect, vegetation gradients, and accessibility. Collected meteorological parameters are generally standardized across the BMS as well as methods and instrumentation. Secondary Meteorological Stations also follow standardized methods and serve similar purposes but are somewhat limited in meteorological parameters collected. The Primary Meteorological Station (PRIMET), Central Meteorological Station (CENMET), Upper Lookout Meteorological Station (UPLMET), and Vanilla Leaf Meteorological Station (VANMET) are the four Benchmark Stations, Climatic Station at Watershed 2 (CS2MET), and the Hi-15 Meteorological Station (H15MET) are Secondary Stations. In 2006, an additional Secondary Station was added at Watershed 7 (WS7MET) These solar radiation parameters were previously part of database code MS001, but were separated out into their own database in 2024 and the entities and attributes were reorganized in 2025 into shortwave, longwave, net radiation and PAR. The shortwave and longwave entities include both incoming and outgoing radiation where measured (see probe_code and method_code).
Drought experiment on aquatic vertebrate populations in McRae Creek, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2022
Three distinct reaches in McRae Creek west tributary (MCTW) within the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest in western Oregon were designated for manipulation and data collection. Manipulations included increasing the temperature (T), reducing streamflow (Q), and a reference (R reach). Population estimates of vertebrates, specifically Coastal Cutthroat Trout and Coastal Giant Salamander, were obtained using three-pass depletion methods in each reach. A Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design was implemented, distinguishing between the "Before" and "After" periods. "Before" surveys were conducted from July 18th to 20th, 2022, while "After" surveys occurred from September 8th to 9th, 2022. During the surveys, each species was identified, noting life stage, and relevant measurements were taken. For trout, these included the length from the snout to the tail fork (Length_Fork_Vent), the snout to the tail (Length_Tail), and weight. In the "Before" survey, all trout were tagged with elastomer tags: red for the T reach, yellow for the Q reach, and orange for the R reach. Trout larger than 80 mm also received PIT tags in their abdominal cavities. Salamanders were measured similarly, not elastomer or PIT tags were applied. During the "After" survey, no new elastomer or PIT tags were inserted; only previously tagged fish were recorded. Additionally, stream cross-sections were surveyed every 5 meters to document stream dimensions. Recorded data included the location, reach, sample date, BACI status, and distance downstream from the upstream cross-section (0 meters). Measurements at each cross-section included wetted width, bankfull width, and depths at five evenly spaced points. Furthermore, pools were identified and measured in each reach, noting the maximum pool depth, depth at the outflow, width, and length. Temperature sensors were installed in each reach, recording stream temperature every 15 minutes. Sensor locations were recorded as the distance downstream from the top of e
Solute dynamics in the hyporheic mesocosm in Watershed 1 at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest, 2019-2020
We investigated biogeochemistry along a 12-m hyporheic mesocosm that allowed for controlled testing of seasonal and spatial water quality changes along a flowpath with fixed geometry and constant flow rate. Water quality profiles of oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen were measured at 1-m intervals along the mesocosm over multiple seasons. dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature profiles were monitored on 18 dates between May 2019 through August 2020. Grab samples to monitor profiles of carbon, nitrogen, and various other solutes along the mesocosm were collected in December 2019 and August 2020 to provide more comprehensive biogeochemical analyses at time points when the dissolved oxygen (DO) and temperature profiles were at or near the maximum seasonal differences. Mesocosm monitoring ceased abruptly due to the Holiday Farm Fire, which burned from September through October 2020, cutting off personnel access and electrical power to the mesocosm facility.
Interviews with members of the HJA Community during the Lookout Fire, HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2023
This dataset records the interview instrument, analytical codebook, and summary of results for the 2023 Lookout Fire Qualitative Interviews. Data was collected in 2023 in Corvallis, Oregon, and over Zoom. Members of the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) community (e.g., university faculty and administrative professionals, agency scientists and personnel, students, alumni and emeritus from the aforementioned communities) were interviewed between September 26th and November 8th 2023. At the time, the fire had largely stopped growing (no significant runs occurred during the interview period), but the fire was not fully contained and the fire severity was not yet known by the community. Data collection is complete. The interview included questions about emotional reactions to the Lookout Fire, current and foreseen impacts to research at the HJA, social relationships and the fire, naturalness of the fire, and climate change, climate anxiety, and the fire. Interviews were semi-structured; while interviews were guided by the interview protocol, conversation was allowed to proceed organically. In total, 40 respondents were interviewed. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed inductively and deductively. A finalized codebook was developed iteratively; the included codebook are the final codes used to analyze the full dataset. Interview transcripts and other potentially identifying information is not available to protect respondent confidentiality and anonymity. This dataset summarizes the key interview results.
Water chemistry in streams and precipitation samples in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 2022-2023
Water samples have been collected for chemical analysis at various locations in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, starting in 2022. The database includes grab samples gathered approximately weekly in selected streams and bulk precipitation collected at the PRIMET meteorological station. Samples were analyzed for cations (Si4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and Na+) and anions (Cl- and SO42-).
Fish and Amphibians species list of the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1987 to present
This is a compilation of fish species currently known to be present within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Species were extracted from several different aquatic vertebrate studies over time. Taxonomy is updated as needed.
Meteorological data from benchmark stations at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 1957 to present
A three-level hydro-climatological network for data monitoring was established in 1994. The networks at each level are nested to form a coordinated program of data acquisition and measurement. A future vision of linking the benchmark meteorological stations with regional weather stations to expand the future scope of studies was also considered in designing this network. The first-level in this top-down approach consists of Benchmark Meteorological Stations (BMS) and Benchmark Stream Stations. The BMS are designed to represent the environment across the Andrews. These stations are intended to provide complete, long-term, high temporal resolution, meso-scale hydroclimatological data. The location of the BMS network is based on factors such as elevation, aspect, vegetation gradients, and accessibility. Collected meteorological parameters are generally standardized across the BMS as well as methods and instrumentation. Secondary Meteorological Stations also follow standardized methods and serve similar purposes but are somewhat limited in meteorological parameters collected. The Primary Meteorological Station (PRIMET), Central Meteorological Station (CENMET), Upper Lookout Meteorological Station (UPLMET), and Vanilla Leaf Meteorological Station (VANMET) are the four Benchmark Stations, Climatic Station at Watershed 2 (CS2MET) and the Hi-15 Meteorological Station (H15MET) are Secondary Stations. Watershed 7 Meteorological Station (WS7MET) was instrumented in 2006 and serves as an additional Secondary Station. In 2024, entities/measurement parameters (precipitation, wind, solar, soil, and snow) from MS001 database were partitioned out into separate databases.
Air and soil temperature data from the Reference Stand network at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1971 to present
The current network of temperature measurement sites are designed to represent spatial variability of air and soil temperature in rugged mountain topography, and serve as second-level stations to capture specific microclimate temperatures in conjunction with a network of Benchmark Meteorological Stations (MS001). The air and soil thermograph network has been reduced from the historical network of 37 sites originally established. Currently there are 10 measurement sites with two of these sites measuring relative humidity in addition to air and soil temperature. An original network of 19 sites (RS01-RS19) were established during the International Biome Program in the early 1970's. Emphasis on phenology, plant moisture stress, and leaf nutrient content led to extending this network of air and soil temperature measurement. A plant community classification system (Dyrness et al., 1971) was used as a primary means of stratification, and a set of permanent vegetation plots (Reference Stands) was installed to represent forest communities with distinct vegetation and hypothesized different environments (Dyrness et al., 1974). A thermograph network was installed within the reference stands in the early 1970's (Zobel et al., 1974), and vegetation standing crop, tree growth and mortality, and plant succession were also measured. The majority of these sites were established to monitor micro-meteorological data under the canopy. The purpose of this network was to provide air and soil temperature data for modeling photosynthesis, respiration, phenology, and decomposition, and to measure environmental gradients.
Snow depth and snow water equivalent measurements along a road course and historic snow course in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1978 to present
With an increase in emphasis on monitoring climate change impacts and change in the form of precipitation at HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, snow data collection within our climate monitoring program, a snow course to document depths of snow was designed around a dispersed sampling scheme rather than a point intensive scheme as previously employed in the historic Reference Stand snow course. Primary objectives are to document the presence/absence of snow, snow depth, and time of melt-off. Snow depths are verified using stakes placed near the road to allow for routine and frequent observation. Stakes are placed at different locations, elevations and aspects in paired forested/open sites. Time-lapse cameras were deployed at all the stakes to allow for daily measurements beginning in fall 2014. Truthing of points with snow core sampling for snow moisture content (snow water equivalent) is done when possible, usually 1-2 times per year. Cameras are set to take 3 readings per day (09:00, 12:00, 15:00 PST). One snow depth and coverage is extracted from the images per stake per day.
Stream and air temperature data from stream gages and stream confluences in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1950 to present
Stream and air temperature are measured in tandem at stream gauging stations and other selected locations and stream confluences within the Andrews Forest. Air temperature is generally measured over the stream or alongside. Currently, mean, max and min water and air temperature data are collected every 5 minutes at the gauging stations and instantaneous temperatures every 15 minutes at all other sites. Most measurements were collected hourly commencing in the later 1990s, but a few sites have daily data beginning in the late 1970s. Historic data collected 1949 to 1981 at Lookout Creek stream gauge are included with the daily summary data. Other Andrews Forest related databases: Long term air temperature data from the reference and benchmark climate stations are also available in MS001. Previous high resolution stream temperature data at some of the small watershed stream gages are available in HT001 and stream temperature data throughout the Andrews Forest stream networks during several years are available in HT002.
Aquatic Vertebrate Population Study in Mack Creek, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1987 to present
Populations of Coastal Cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in two standard reaches of Mack Creek in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest have been monitored since 1987. Monitoring of Coastal Giant Salamanders, Dicamptodon tenebrosus began in 1993. The two standard reaches are in a section of clearcut forest (ca. 1963) and an upstream 500 year old coniferous forest. Sub-reaches are sampled with 2-pass electrofishing, and all captured vertebrates are measured and weighed. Additionally, a set of channel measurements are taken with each sampling. This study constitutes one of the longest continuous records of salmonid populations on record.
Plant biomass dynamics following logging, burning, and thinning in Watersheds 6 and 7, Andrews Experimental Forest, 1979 to 2021
Watersheds 6 (WS06) and 7 (WS07) at the HJ Andrews are part of a three-watershed study initiated in the 1970’s to examine the response of hydrology and forest vegetation to logging. In 1974, Watershed 6 was clearcut logged; Watershed 7 was shelterwood cut, leaving 75-100 overstory trees per hectare (comprising about 40% of the original basal area). A nearby watershed (WS08) serves as an unlogged control. In 1975, all of Watershed 6 and the portion of WS07 below the road were broadcast-burned. In 1976, both watersheds were planted with Douglas-fir seedlings. Natural regeneration of Douglas-fir and western hemlock also established. In 1984, the remnant overstory trees in WS07 were harvested, and in 2001 the young stand in WS07 was thinned to about 550 trees per hectare. The thinning was not planned but provides an interesting twist to the study. The watersheds are located along the northern boundary of the HJA off the 327 and 328 roads, at elevations ranging from 850 to 1,160 m. Initial vegetation measurements were taken in the summer of 2002 in watersheds 6 and 7 for the purpose of characterizing plant succession after thinning in a small, high-elevation watershed. Understory vegetation plots are remeasured at approximately 6 year intervals.
Stream discharge in gaged watersheds at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest, 1949 to present
Streamflow from selected small watersheds has been continuously monitored at the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest since November 1952. The objectives of this research and monitoring include: (1) evaluate long-term changes in hydrology associated with various forest management treatments, notably clearcut logging, selective logging, and burning of predominantly Douglas-fir conifer forests; (2) characterize the hydrologic regimes and evaluate mechanisms influencing water availability from conifer forests; and (3) provide baseline data for affiliated precipitation and stream water chemistry and sediment transport studies. In addition to stage heights and discharge, data on stream chemistry, stream and air temperature, specific conductivity are collected at the stream gages. Models have also been extensively calibrated with these data to characterize the hydrologic regimes of forests at different elevations and following forest management. Many other studies within the watersheds also use these hydrology data. The original design for the first- and second-order small watersheds used a paired watershed technique to evaluate changes in streamflow following forest management and harvest in conifer forests. A reference watershed remained unharvested within each set (Andrews WS 1, 2, 3; WS 6, 7, 8; and WS 9, 10). Watershed details and treatments are described at https://andrewsforest.oregonstate.edu/research/infrastructure/watersheds and in the 'Gaged watershed description' PDF in Related Materials/Files. Mack Creek is a third-order watershed where the reference was upstream of the harvested section. The fifth-order Lookout Creek has a gage maintained by US Geological Survey. Early discharge data from Lookout Creek gage, including for the period when USFS maintained the gage, are available here. Measurements of stream stage heights are recorded in feet and streamflow data are available in units of cubic feet per second (cfs). Discharge is calculated using rating curves that ha
Cold air drainage transect studies at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2002 to Present
Temperature data are being collected to investigate the effects of elevation and local topographic position on the patterns of cold air drainage and pooling in the HJ Andrews Forest, and how they vary with synoptic weather patterns. The main focus of the study is cold air drainage in the Lookout Creek area, but others sites have been added to sample temperature signatures at other locations of the forest with topographic positions that need to be better understood. Here, quality controlled 15-minute raw data and aggregated daily minimum and maximum temperatures are available from several stations along 4 separate transects or clusters with some additional single sensors also included. Several of the quality flags indicate that the data failed the test and should not be used in analysis.
Vegetative Phenology observations at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2009 - Present
The vegetation phenology study is part of a larger effort to understand the influence of climate variability and change on trophic interactions in mountainous terrain. Phenology Core Sites were selected to capture the variation in elevation and topography across Lookout Creek watershed. Priority was given to sites with long-term air and soil temperature records (Reference stands) and previous phenology observations (Reference stands and stream gauging stations). Sixteen sites were established. At each site five individuals of from each 18 common species (if occurring within the site) from tree, shrub and herb layers were mapped and marked for observation. Weekly observations are conducted each year beginning in March or April depending on winter conditions and snowpack and continuing through June or July. Plant vegetative and reproductive phenophases are scored using a numbered system adapted to each plant species.
Forest-wide bird survey at 183 sample sites the Andrews Experimental Forest from 2009 to present
Bird occurrence data collected at 183 sample locations within the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest (HJA) from 2009-present. We used a stratified, systematic, random design to select sample locations. We stratified across elevation, distance to road, and habitat type (plantation or mature/old-growth forest). We conduct point counts on six separate occasions from May – July, which corresponded to spring arrival and subsequent breeding period for the majority of bird species at HJA. Surveys occur between 05:15h and 10:30h and each consists of a 10-min point count where we record all birds seen or heard. The species of all birds seen and heard are recorded as well as all individual squirrels, chipmunks and pikas seen and heard. Survey-level information is also collected at each point count and includes: weather and wind conditions, stream noise, snow cover on the ground, phenology of vine maple and rhododendron. Data collection is ongoing.
Stream specific conductance and temperature from small watersheds in the Andrews Forest
Stream specific conductance and water temperature are measured instantaneously every 5 minutes at most of the gauged watersheds within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest (Watersheds 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10 and Mack Creek). Data is complementary to stream chemistry measurements from a proportional sampler (CF002) and long-term streamflow measurements (HF004) made at each of these watersheds.
Air temperature at core phenology sites and additional bird monitoring sites in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2009 to present
The H.J Andrews phenology study air temperature network includes 16 core phenology sites, 40 core bird sites and 128 auxiliary bird sites. This study examines air temperatures at multiple sites within the Andrews Experimental Forest. Air temperatures were recorded 1.5 m above ground at 184 sites distributed on an 800-m incomplete grid throughout much of the Andrews Forest. Data were collected using automated sensors starting in June of 2009 at 56 sites and in June 2011 128 additional sensors were added. These data document the complex spatial and temporal patterns of air temperature variation within the Andrews Forest, which is governed by multiple processes including inversions, regional air mixing, cold air drainage and pooling, and the effects of vegetation on temperature extremes. The data entities provided indicate various methods of data quality checking over time.
Solute dynamics in the hyporheic zone of a headwater stream in Watershed 1 at the Andrews Experimental Forest, 2016-2018
This project examined the interactions between stream water and subsurface sediment to quantify how these interactions influenced organic C respiration and dissolved inorganic C (DIC) production in the hyporheic zone of a high-gradient headwater mountain stream draining a forested catchment at the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, USA. The study used six 2-m long hyporheic mesocosms which were packed with streambed sediment in the spring of 2016. The mesocosms are located at the Watershed 1 (WS1) stream gage and stream water from WS1 has been pumped through the mesocosms continuously since they were first packed through the end of (and beyond) this study in autumn of 2018. The mesocosms were designed around 1-m long 20-cm diameter aluminum pipe segments with sample ports located each meter along the flowpath through each mesocosm – thus sampling at the inlet, at 1 m, and at the outlet which represents the full 2-m long flow path. Sampling was conducted on seven dates between Oct 23 2016 and Aug 27 2018. On two of these dates, only background samples were collected. On the remaining 5 dates, sampling was designed around continuous-injection tracer experiments using both a conservative tracer (salt) and a reactive tracer (various dissolved organic substrates). For background sampling events, samples were generally only collected once. The tracer experiments involved 4 discreet sampling times: 1. pre-injection (under background conditions); 2. early plateau; 3. late plateau, and 4. post-injection (and in one injection experiment, a 5th sample at late-post-injection time). For each round of samples, the mesocosm water temperature, pH, EC, and DO were measured with sensors in a small flow-through cell. Then water samples were collected for laboratory analysis for both DOC and DIC. The median travel time of water through each pipe segment of the 2-m mesocosms was also calculated from the conservative tracer break-through curves.
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OpenNeuro
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