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29 results for “Forest Herb”

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zenodo32/100

Spring-flowering herbs in North American temperate forests advance their phenology more than trees with warming temperatures

<ol> <li>The phenologies of co-occurring trees and spring-blooming understory herbs in northeastern hardwood forests appear to be regulated by different environmental drivers—air temperature and soil temperature/snowpack, respectively. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that climate change-driven asymmetry in the advancement of canopy leaf-out relative to the timing of understory growth could reduce photosynthetic rates and reproductive success of understory herbs through greater early-season shading.</li> <li>To determine whether trees and spring-flowering spring-flowering forest herbs are advancing their phenologies at different rates with respect to increasing global temperatures, we examined the phenological responses to warming of 10 species of trees and 11 species of spring-flowering forest herbs (8,045 observations from 965 sites) in northeastern North America using 13 years of data collected by citizen scientists under the auspices of the USA-National Phenology Network.</li> <li>Contrary to expectation, the timing of leaf-out of spring-flowering forest herbs was more strongly associated with temperature than was timing of tree leaf-out, with a mean response rate of −4.9 days/˚C (95% BCI [−5.2, −4.6]) for spring-flowering forest herbs vs. −3.3 days/℃ (95% BCI [−3.5, −3.1]) for trees. However, the response to temperature was not consistent across the latitudinal range, with spring-flowering forest herbs responding more strongly to warming than trees at middle (40–44˚N) and higher (45–48˚N) latitudes but not at lower latitudes (35–39˚N). </li> <li>In contrast to what has been suggested previously, our results suggest that the growing season and carbon uptake of spring-flowering forest herbs could increase as spring temperatures rise. Our study is the first to show spring-flowering forest herbs advancing their phenology at a higher rate than trees with respect to warming.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0May 2022View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Sensitivity to habitat fragmentation across European landscapes in three temperate forest herbs

Context. Evidence for effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the viability of temperate forest herb populations in agricultural landscapes is so far based on population genetic studies of single species in single landscapes. However, forest herbs differ in their life histories, and landscapes have different environments, structures and histories, making generalizations difficult. Objectives. We compare the response of three slow-colonizing forest herbs to habitat loss and fragmentation and set this in relation to differences in life-history traits, in particular their mating system and associated pollinators. Methods. We analysed the herbs' landscape-scale population genetic structure based on microsatellite markers from forest fragments across seven European agricultural landscapes. Results. All species responded to reductions in population size with a decrease in allelic richness and an increase in genetic differentiation among populations. Genetic differentiation also increased with enhanced spatial isolation. In addition, each species showed unique responses. Heterozygosity in the self-compatible Oxalis acetosella was reduced in smaller populations. The genetic diversity of Anemone nemorosa, whose main pollinators are less mobile, decreased with increasing spatial isolation, but not that of the bumblebee-pollinated Polygonatum multiflorum. Conclusions. Our study indicates that habitat loss and fragmentation compromises the long-term viability of slow-colonizing forest herbs despite their ability to persist for many decades by clonal propagation. The distinct responses of the three species studied within the same landscapes confirm the need of multi-species approaches. The mobility of associated pollinators should be considered an important determinant of forest herbs' sensitivity to habitat loss and fragmentation.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

zenodo32/100

Data set of 1) plant abundance in the herb layer and 2) Shrub and tree composition and structure following forest management along a chronosequence

In each site (1200 m²), three circular plots (400 m²) were established (total of 198 plots). Data presented here for 1) plant of the herb layer and 2) shrub and tree are grouped by site (addition of three plots).  In the herb layer, total plant species identity and abundance (percentage cover) were sampled in each plot using eight circular micro-plots of 4 m². Data were collected in 2016 and 2017, between June and August. To minimize seasonal variability and allow detection of early spring species, plants (identity and abundance) in the herb layer were measured twice (once in June to early-July, and once in late-July to August). For tree, in each plot, species identity, diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and locations of each tree > 9.1 cm DBH were determined. In each plot, species identity and DBH of shrubs and small trees (DBH range: 1.1 to 9.1 cm) were measured in three circular micro-plots of 25 m². Data that were related to the shrub-canopy layer included all trees and shrubs with DBH > 1.1 cm. Here, in each site, forest composition and structure is represented by different combinations of DBH classes (1.1-4 cm, 4-9.1 cm, 9.1-20 cm, 20-35 cm, >35 cm) and species. Plant community composition and abundance were assessed in unmanaged forests (sites of old-growth forest > 100 years, with dominant and co-dominant trees older than 200 years, and no obvious sign of past harvesting), and in even-aged and uneven-aged managed forests along a chronosequence (< 5 years, 15 years, 30 years after forest harvesting).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2021View details →

dryad32/100