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Mycelial soil fungal communty attributes and mycelial production across a forest disturbance gradient
<div> <h1>Description</h1> <p>This study investigated differences in soil mycelial (actively foraging) fungal community attributes and productivity across a forest disturbance gradient. Hyphal in-growth bags were installed for 6 months in old-growth (OG) and selectively logged (SL) lowland dipterocarp rainforest and oil palm plantation (OP). Soil mycelial (actively foraging) fungal communitywere characterized by ITS amplicon sequencing, and mycelial production estimated by measurement of fungal hyphae. For publication, these data were analysed in conjunction with soil properties and aboveground plant community and productivity data from previosuly conducted surveys by the BALI consortium in corresponding plots and subplots.</p> <h1>Projects</h1> <p> This dataset was collected as part of the following projects: </p><ul> <li><a href="https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/156">https://safeproject.net/projects/project_view/156</a> </li> </ul> <p></p> <h1>Funding</h1> <p> These data were collected as part of research funded by: </p> <ul> <li>UK NERC-funded Biodiversity And Land-use Impacts on Tropical Ecosystem Function (BALI) consortium (Standard grant , NE/K016377/1 ) </li> </ul> <p></p> <p>This dataset is released under the CC-BY 4.0 licence, requiring that you cite the dataset in any outputs, but has the additional condition that you acknowledge the contribution of these funders in any outputs.</p> <h1>Permits</h1> <p>These data were collected under permit from the following authorities:</p> <ul> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre ( Research licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.3 (173))</li> <li>Sabah Biodiversity Centre ( Export licence JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.2 (70))</li> </ul> <p></p> <h1>Files</h1> <p>This dataset consists of 1 file: Soil_Mycelial_Fungi_SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</p> <h2>Soil_Mycelial_Fungi_SAFE_Dataset.xlsx</h2> <p>This file contains dataset metadata and 2 data tables:</p> <h3>Fungal_Community_Attributes</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fungal_Community_Attributes</li> <li>Description: * Summary of diversity and relative abundances of soil fungal functional groups from ITS amplicon sequencing. DNA extracted from sand from hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months. * Mycelial production measured as total fungal hyphal length inside hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months. * Supplementary slope measurements for subplots in which hyphal in-growth bags were installed.</li> <li>Number of fields: 26</li> <li>Number of data rows: 27</li> <ul> <li>Sample_ID: Sample ID (type: id)</li> <li>Plot: Plot name corresponding to the GEM Carbon plot where hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: id)</li> <li>Subplot: Name of subplot where hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: location)</li> <li>Type: Land-use type classification (type: categorical)</li> <li>Slope: Average degree of slope for each subplot hwere hyphal in-growth bags were installed (type: numeric)</li> <li>Hyphal_length: Mycelial production measured as total fungal hyphal length inside hyphal in-growth bags (6-month burial) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Overall_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed overall fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Overall_Fungal_Shannon: Overall fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed saprotrophic fungal taxa (Amplicon Sequence Variants) from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Shannon: Saprotrophic fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed mycorrhizal fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Shannon: Mycorrhizal fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Richness: Number of observed pathogenic fungal taxa Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Shannon: Pathogenic fungal Shannon diversity calculated using Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags (after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Saprotrophic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Saprotrophic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Total mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Ectomycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Ectomycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Arbuscular_Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Ericoid_Mycorrhizal_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Ericoid mycorrhizal fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Total pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Plant_Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Plant pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Animal_Pathogenic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Animal pathogenic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Parasitic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Parasitic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Endophytic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Endophytic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Lichenised_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Lichenised fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> <li>Epiphytic_Fungal_Relative_Abundance: Epiphytic fungal relative abundance (proportion of total fungal Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing of sand from hyphal in-growth bags after rarefying) (type: numeric)</li> </ul> </ul> <h3>Fungal_ASV_Reads</h3> <ul> <li>Worksheet: Fungal_ASV_Reads</li> <li>Description: Read counts for Amplicon Sequence Variants from ITS amplicon sequencing. DNA extracted from sand from hyphal in-growth bags installed for 6 months.</li> <li>Number of fields: 28</li> <li>Number of data rows: 3916</li> <ul> <li>fungal_taxon: Fungal taxon identitiy (type: taxa)</li> <li>MYC_2: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-07, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_3: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-09, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_5: Danum Valley 1 (Car_D1-24, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_6: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-01, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_8: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-19, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_10: Danum Valley 2 (Car_D2-24, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_11: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-03, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_12: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-14, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_13: Maliau Seraya (Car_Ser-15, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_16: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-04, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_19: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-18, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_20: Maliau Belian (Car_Bel-22, OG) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_22: SAFE B North (Car_BN-18, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_24: SAFE B North (Car_BN-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_25: SAFE B North (Car_BN-25, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_27: SAFE B South (Car_BS-06, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_28: SAFE B South (Car_BS-15, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_30: SAFE B South (Car_BS-19, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_31: SAFE E (Car_E-03, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_33: SAFE E (Car_E-12, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_35: SAFE E (Car_E-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_37: SAFE LF (Car_LF-07, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_38: SAFE LF (Car_LF-12, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_40: SAFE LF (Car_LF-24, SL) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_41: SAFE OP (CarOP-01, OP) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_42: SAFE OP (CarOP-02, OP) (type: abundance)</li> <li>MYC_44: SAFE OP (CarOP-08, OP) (type: abundance)</li> </ul> </ul> <h1>Extents</h1> <ul> <li>Date range: 2014-10-01 to 2018-09-01</li> <li>Latitudinal extent: 4.64° to 4.954°</li> <li>Longitudinal extent: 116.95° to 117.796°</li> </ul> <h1>Taxonomic coverage</h1> <p>This dataset contains data associated with taxa. </p> <h2>Bioinformatics taxonomy details</h2> <p>The dataset contains taxa that were identified as part of a bioinformatics workkflow. The taxa listed in the dataset are compiled to provide the taxonomic summary shown below. These taxa are not independently validated as they have been generated using established reference databases. </p> <div> - Fungi<br> -  - Ascomycota<br> -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Archaeorhizomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Archaeorhizomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Archaeorhizomyces borealis</i><br> -  -  - Ascomycota_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Ascomycota_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Ascomycota_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gyrothrix</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gyrothrix verticiclada</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Monocillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Monocillium indicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Virgaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Virgaria nigra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volucrispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volucrispora graminea</i><br> -  -  - Dothideomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Botryosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Botryosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis endophytica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endomelanconiopsis microspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lasiodiplodia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lasiodiplodia crassispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia palmicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neodeightonia rattanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudofusicoccum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudofusicoccum adansoniae</i><br> -  -  -  - Capnodiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Capnodiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antennariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antennariella placitae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cladosporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladosporium velox</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Mycosphaerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrodontium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrodontium virellum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycosphaerella tassiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudocercospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Readeriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Zasmidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Zasmidium syzygii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Teratosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Devriesia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Devriesia strelitziicola</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aureobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium pullulans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aureobasidium thailandense</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Dothideomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paramicrothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramimonilia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramimonilia apicalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Gloniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cenococcum</i><br> -  -  -  - Dothideomycetidae_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Micropeltidaceae<br> -  -  -  - Hysteriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hysteriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhytidhysteron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhytidhysteron rufulum</i><br> -  -  -  - Jahnulales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aliquandostipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Jahnula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Jahnula aquatica</i><br> -  -  -  - Pleosporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Amorosiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angustimassarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angustimassarina acerina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Arthopyreniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthopyrenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthopyrenia salicis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bambusicolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palmiascoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Palmiascoma gregariascomum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Biatriosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biatriospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biatriospora mackinnonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Corynesporascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corynespora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corynespora smithii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cucurbitariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis leptospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pyrenochaetopsis pratorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Dictyosporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dictyosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dictyosporium hughesii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Didymellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascochyta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascochyta medicaginicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Didymosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alloconiothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Alloconiothyrium aptrootii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dendrothyrium variisporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Letendraea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Letendraea helminthicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraconiothyrium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraconiothyrium brasiliense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraphaeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paraphaeosphaeria arecacearum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenocamarosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenocamarosporium acaciae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Leptosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leptosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lophiostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiostoma chamaecyparidis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sigarispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sigarispora arundinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lophiotremataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiotrema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophiotrema rubi</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Melanommataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudotrichia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudotrichia thailandica</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Montagnulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Morosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrocalymma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrocalymma fici</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phaeosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia kusanoi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvularia lunata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Edenia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Edenia gomezpompae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleosporales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Flavomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Flavomyces fulophazii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrograna</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyschema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Polyschema sclerotigenum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sporormiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Teichosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora austroafricana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora grandicipis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Teichospora trabicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Thyridariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella hysterioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Roussoella solani</i><br> -  -  -  - Tubeufiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Tubeufiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tubeufia</i><br> -  -  -  - Valsariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Valsariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsaria neotropica</i><br> -  -  -  - Venturiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sympoventuriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis anomala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis cordanae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis globalis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ochroconis verrucosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scolecobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaeopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaeopsis simplex</i><br> -  -  - Eurotiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Chaetothyriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetothyriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetothyriales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Strelitziana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Strelitziana africana</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cyphellophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora eucalypti</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora musae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora pluriseptata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyphellophora reptans</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Herpotrichiellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora chaetospira</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora immunda</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladophialophora mycetomatis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala brunnea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala halophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exophiala pisciphila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea monophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fonsecaea multimorphosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhinocladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thysanorea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thysanorea papuana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Veronaea botryosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trichomeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrocladium caudatum</i><br> -  -  -  - Coryneliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coryneliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caliciopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Caliciopsis indica</i><br> -  -  -  - Eurotiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Aspergillaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus aculeatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus cervinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus niger</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus nomius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus ochraceus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus penicillioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus posadasensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aspergillus pseudonomius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium amaliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium annulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium citrinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium herquei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium lignorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium mallochii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium maximae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium ortum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium paxilli</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium penarojense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium pimiteouiense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium simplicissimum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium sumatraense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Penicillium viticola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Elaphomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Thermoascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichocomaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces albobiverticillius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces allahabadensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces hachijoensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces oumae-annae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces sayulitensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces subinflatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Talaromyces wortmannii</i><br> -  -  -  - Onygenales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ascosphaeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascosphaera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ascosphaera apis</i><br> -  -  -  - Phaeomoniellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Phaeomoniellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  - Geoglossomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Geoglossales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geoglossaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geoglossum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geoglossum difforme</i><br> -  -  - Lecanoromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Lecanorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ramalinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Toninia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Toninia physaroides</i><br> -  -  -  - Ostropales<br> -  -  -  -  - Porinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Porina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stictidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptodiscus</i><br> -  -  - Leotiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Helotiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Dermateaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corniculariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlyctema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlyctema vincetoxici</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleropezicula</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Helotiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenoscyphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenoscyphus serotinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Idriella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Idriella lunata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Helotiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chalara</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chalara pseudoaffinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cystodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialocephala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialocephala humicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hyaloscyphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calycina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calycina ellisii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Myxotrichaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oidiodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Oidiodendron cereale</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sclerotiniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleromitrula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleromitrula spiraeicola</i><br> -  -  -  - Leotiomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Leotiomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gelatinomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gelatinomyces siamensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lauriomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lauriomyces bellulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leohumicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scytalidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pseudeurotiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geomyces auratus</i><br> -  -  -  - Rhytismatales<br> -  -  -  -  - Rhytismataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces multangularis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coccomyces sinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium illiciicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lophodermium jiangnanense</i><br> -  -  - Orbiliomycetes<br> -  -  -  - GS33<br> -  -  -  - Orbiliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Orbiliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dactylella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dactylella intermedia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Orbiliales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vermispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vermispora fusarina</i><br> -  -  - Pezizomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Pezizales<br> -  -  -  -  - Pezizaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peziza</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pyronemataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scutellinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sarcoscyphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cookeina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cookeina tricholoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sarcosomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaleurina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaleurina javanica</i><br> -  -  - Saccharomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Saccharomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Debaryomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces hansenii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Debaryomyces nepalensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Meyerozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Meyerozyma guilliermondii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces polymorphus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schwanniomyces vanrijiae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Metschnikowiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kodamaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kodamaea ohmeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phaffomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyberlindnera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cyberlindnera jadinii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wickerhamomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wickerhamomyces bisporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kazachstania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomyces paradoxus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycetales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida haemulonis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida metapsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida orthopsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Candida parapsilosis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Saccharomycopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomycopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saccharomycopsis crataegensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trichomonascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blastobotrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Blastobotrys malaysiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spencermartinsiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugiyamaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugiyamaella paludigena</i><br> -  -  - Sordariomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Boliniales<br> -  -  -  -  - Boliniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Endoxyla</i><br> -  -  -  - Calosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Pleurostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pleurostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pleurostoma richardsiae</i><br> -  -  -  - Chaetosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria chloroconia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetosphaeria vermicularioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chloridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Codinaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Codinaea acaciae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudodinemasporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudodinemasporium fabiforme</i><br> -  -  -  - Coniochaetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coniochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniochaeta</i><br> -  -  -  - Diaporthales<br> -  -  -  -  - Diaporthaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Diaporthe</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Melanconidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanconiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Melanconiella spodiaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Prosthecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Schizoparmaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniella wangiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stilbosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stilbospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stilbospora macrosperma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Valsaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora brevispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cytospora diatrypelloidea</i><br> -  -  -  - Glomerellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Glomerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Colletotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Colletotrichum musae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Plectosphaerellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrostalagmus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acrostalagmus luteoalbus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibellulopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Plectosphaerella oratosquillae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium leptobactrum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verticillium nonalfalfae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wallrothiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wallrothiella subiculosa</i><br> -  -  -  - Hypocreales<br> -  -  -  -  - Bionectriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys buxi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clonostachys rosea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropisphaera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropisphaera bambusicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectriopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectriopsis rexiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Valsonectria pulchella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verrucostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Verrucostoma freycinetiae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavicipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Collarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Collarina aurantiaca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conoideocrella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conoideocrella tenuis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium acridum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium blattodeae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium carneum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium flavoviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium marquandii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium novozealandicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Metarhizium robertsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paecilomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Paecilomyces niphetodes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pochonia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cordycipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beauveria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps bassiana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordyceps polyarthra</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria farinosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Isaria javanica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium fungicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lecanicillium saksenae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hypocreaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladobotryum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sphaerostilbella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sphaerostilbella aureonitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma atroviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma austrokoningii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma citrinoviride</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma deliquescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma helicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma ivoriense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma koningiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma lanuginosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma pseudostramineum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma rogersonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma spirale</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma strigosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma stromaticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma subeffusum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma subsulphureum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma taxi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma turrialbense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma virens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichoderma voglmayrii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hypocreales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium alternatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium brachypenium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium breve</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium cavaraeanum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium curvulum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium furcatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium guillematii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium hennebertii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium nepalense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium persicinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium polychromum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium spinosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremonium stromaticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxocephala</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxocephala albida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium glaucum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarocladium hominis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichothecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichothecium crotocinigenum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Nectriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremoniopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acremoniopsis suttonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquanectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aquanectria penicillioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calonectria chinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Campylocarpon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Campylocarpon fasciculare</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corallomycetella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corallomycetella repens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvicladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Curvicladiella cignea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocarpon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella pseudocamelliae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cylindrocladiella pseudohawaiiensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium albosuccineum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium concentricum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium keratoplasticum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium nematophilum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium polyphialidicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusarium solani</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla acetilerea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla aquaeductuum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fusicolla violacea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibberella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gibberella zeae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum bacillisporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum cylindrosporum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocephalotrichum simmonsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocladiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gliocladiopsis curvata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mariannaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mariannaea samuelsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria pseudopeziza</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nectria pseudotrichia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarcopodium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sarcopodium circinosetiferum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanonectria keithii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria coronata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria jungneri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thelonectria mammoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volutella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volutella consors</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenoacremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenoacremonium recifei</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ophiocordycipitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hirsutella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Purpureocillium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tolypocladium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tolypocladium album</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stachybotryaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inaequalispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inaequalispora prestonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium roridum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrothecium verrucaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myxospora crassiseta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirastachys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirastachys phyllophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stachybotrys</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stachybotrys parvispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xepicula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xepicula jollymannii</i><br> -  -  -  - Magnaporthales<br> -  -  -  -  - Magnaporthaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoleptodiscus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophioceras</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophioceras leptosporum</i><br> -  -  -  - Microascales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ceratocystidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratocystis grandicarpa</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Halosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Microascaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scedosporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scedosporium minutisporum</i><br> -  -  -  - Myrmecridiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Myrmecridiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Myrmecridium schulzeri</i><br> -  -  -  - Ophiostomatales<br> -  -  -  -  - Ophiostomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cornuvesica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cornuvesica acuminata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ophiostoma eucalyptigena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sporothrix</i><br> -  -  -  - Savoryellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Savoryellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Sordariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chaetomiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium angustispirale</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium funicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Chaetomium globosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Humicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Humicola grisea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lasiosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arnium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cercophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cladorrhinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora austroamericana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Podospora intestinacea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sordariales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana ellipsoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cordana terrestris</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lunulospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staphylotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Staphylotrichum boninense</i><br> -  -  -  - Sordariomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Sordariomycetes_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Barbatosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhexodenticula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhexodenticula cylindrospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodoveronaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodoveronaea varioseptata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylomelasma</i><br> -  -  -  - Togniniales<br> -  -  -  -  - Togniniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeoacremonium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phaeoacremonium luteum</i><br> -  -  -  - Trichosphaeriales<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichosphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nigrospora oryzae</i><br> -  -  -  - Xylariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Amphisphaeriaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Apiosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium phaeospermum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Arthrinium pseudosinense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Beltraniaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beltraniella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Beltraniella portoricensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Diatrypaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Microdochiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microdochium</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sporocadaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis asiatica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Neopestalotiopsis clavispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis adusta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis rosea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pestalotiopsis trachicarpicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudopestalotiopsis theae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Seiridium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Seiridium phylicae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xylariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon archeri</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon moriforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon nitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon spougei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon squamulosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Annulohypoxylon stygium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anthostomella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biscogniauxia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Biscogniauxia atropunctata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Circinotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Circinotrichum maculiforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clypeosphaeria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia albofibrosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Daldinia clavata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon fraxinophilum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon hypomiltum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon monticulosum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon nicaraguense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon notatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon pulicicidum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypoxylon samuelsii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lopadostoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lopadostoma pouzarii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Muscodor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania bipapillata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania diffusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nemania primolutea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Nodulisporium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Obolarina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria allantoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria apiculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria apoda</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria curta</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria escharoidea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylaria nigripes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xylariales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anungitea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anungitea eucalyptorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanediella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Castanediella couratarii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hansfordia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hansfordia pulvinata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Liberomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis cornearis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phialemoniopsis ocularis</i><br> -  - Basidiomycota<br> -  -  - Agaricomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Agaricales<br> -  -  -  -  - Agaricaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus duplocingulatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus flocculosipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus heterocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus kunmingensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus microvolvatulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus placomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus subrufescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus subrutilescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Agaricus variicystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus serenus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucoagaricus tangerinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucocoprinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Leucocoprinus cretaceus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota albosericea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota furfuracea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Micropsalliota megarubescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Amanitaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amanita</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bolbitiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Conocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Catathelasmataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Macrocybe gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavulinopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramariopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramariopsis flavescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scytinopogon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cortinariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cortinarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus dilepis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gymnopilus iriomotensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Crepidotaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>CrepidASVs</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>CrepidASVs applanatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Entolomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus cystidiatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus hobsonii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clitopilus prunulus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma eugenei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma jubatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma omiense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Entoloma serrulatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hydnangiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Laccaria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Laccaria vinaceoavellanea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hygrophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe glutinipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hygrocybe nigrescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenogastraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anamika</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Anamika indica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hebeloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hebeloma subvictoriense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Inocybaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Inocybe hydrocybiformis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lycoperdaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia gigantea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Calvatia holothurioides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon echinatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon pratense</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon pyriforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lycoperdon subincarnatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lyophyllaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Termitomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Termitomyces microcarpus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pleurotaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hohenbuehelia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Pluteaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus exiguus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus petasatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pluteus podospileus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volvariella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Volvariella murinella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Psathyrellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinellus aureogranulatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coprinopsis urticicola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella candolleana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella efflorescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella ichnusae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella luteopallida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella maculata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psathyrella pygmaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Stephanosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindtneria</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lindtneria flava</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Stephanospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Strophariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Deconica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Deconica phyllogena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypholoma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe coprophila</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Psilocybe inquilina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Tricholomataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dermoloma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dermoloma magicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gamundia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gamundia leucophylla</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hemimycena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hydropus marginellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycena</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycena speirea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resupinatus</i><br> -  -  -  - Atheliales<br> -  -  -  -  - Atheliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Athelia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Athelia decipiens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Piloderma</i><br> -  -  -  - Auriculariales<br> -  -  -  -  - Auriculariaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Auricularia</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Exidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron caesiocinereum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiodendron eyrei</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia glandulosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Exidia uvapassa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Heterochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Heterochaete delicata</i><br> -  -  -  - Boletales<br> -  -  -  -  - Boletaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoamaranthus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mycoamaranthus cambodgensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Coniophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coniophora marmorata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sclerodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scleroderma</i><br> -  -  -  - Cantharellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Botryobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium conspersum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Botryobasidium laeve</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cantharellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cantharellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cantharellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Minimedusa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Minimedusa polyspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ceratobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceratobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thanatephorus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Thanatephorus cucumeris</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Clavulinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Clavulina</i><br> -  -  -  - Corticiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Corticiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corticium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Corticium confine</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodontia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypochnicium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hypochnicium cystidiatum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia acanthocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebia chrysocreas</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora flavipora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Schizopora ovispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Scopuloides</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Vuilleminiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vuilleminia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vuilleminia comedens</i><br> -  -  -  - GS28<br> -  -  -  - Geastrales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geastraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum indicum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum lageniforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum mirabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum schweinitzii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geastrum triplex</i><br> -  -  -  - Gomphales<br> -  -  -  -  - Gomphaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramaria</i><br> -  -  -  - Hymenochaetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitiporia torreyae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fulvifomes</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete nanospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete separabilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hymenochaete tropica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>InonASVs</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>InonASVs pachyphloeus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus ellipsoideus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phellinus noxius</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hymenochaetales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella odontiiformis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophorella praetermissa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium friabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Resinicium mutabile</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rickenellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sidera</i><br> -  -  -  - Phallales<br> -  -  -  -  - Phallaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mutinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phallus</i><br> -  -  -  - Polyporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Coriolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antrodiella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Antrodiella fragrans</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aurantiporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Aurantiporus fissilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Coriolopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rigidoporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rigidoporus sanguinolentus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tinctoporellus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cystostereaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Fomitopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Fomitopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Ganodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amauroderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Amauroderma perplexum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma australe</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma cupreum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma orbiforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma philippii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ganoderma sinense</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Hyphodermataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphoderma</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Irpicaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia alachuana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia lacerata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia mellea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporia reticulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Meruliaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ceriporiopsis mucida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiporia bubalina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Phanerochaetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella corrugata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hyphodermella rosae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phanerochaete</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phanerochaete sordida</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Phlebiopsis crassa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Porostereum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Polyporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Abundisporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Abundisporus fuscopurpureus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dichomitus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Grammothele</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Grammothele fuligo</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microporus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Microporus affinis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Perenniporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Perenniporia pyricola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Physisporinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Physisporinus vitreus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Skeletocutis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaptum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichaptum biforme</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Polyporales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Junghuhnia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Steccherinum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Steccherinum bourdotii</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Schizoporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xylodon</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Xenasmataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella ardosiaca</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella borealis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Xenasmatella vaga</i><br> -  -  -  - Russulales<br> -  -  -  -  - Auriscalpiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gloeodontia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gloeodontia eriobotryae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Lachnocladiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Peniophoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Peniophora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Russulaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactarius</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactarius volemus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactifluus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lactifluus subgerardii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula crustosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula cyanoxantha</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula densifolia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula foetens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula redolens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula subvinosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Russula violeipes</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Wrightoporiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wrightoporia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Wrightoporia japonica</i><br> -  -  -  - Sebacinales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sebacinaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sebacina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sebacina epigaea</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Serendipitaceae<br> -  -  -  - Thelephorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Thelephoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella africana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella atroarenicolor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella badia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella parmastoana</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tomentella pilosa</i><br> -  -  -  - Trechisporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Hydnodontaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Luellia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Luellia cystidiata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora cohaerens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora echinocristallina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora hymenocystis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora invisitata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora nivea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora stellulata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trechispora stevensonii</i><br> -  -  - Agaricostilbomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Agaricostilbales<br> -  -  -  -  - Chionosphaeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  - Kondoaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kondoa</i><br> -  -  - Atractiellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Atractiellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Atractiellales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicogloea</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Helicogloea farinacea</i><br> -  -  - Cystobasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Erythrobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Erythrobasidiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sakaguchia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sakaguchia lamellibrachiae</i><br> -  -  - Exobasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Entylomatales<br> -  -  - Geminibasidiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Geminibasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Geminibasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Geminibasidium</i><br> -  -  - Malasseziomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Malasseziales<br> -  -  -  -  - Malasseziaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Malassezia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Malassezia sympodialis</i><br> -  -  - Microbotryomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Heterogastridiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Heterogastridiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pycnopulvinus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pycnopulvinus aurantiacus</i><br> -  -  -  - Microbotryomycetes_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Chrysozymaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudohyphozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Pseudohyphozyma buffonii</i><br> -  -  -  - Sporidiobolales<br> -  -  -  -  - Sporidiobolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodotorula</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhodotorula mucilaginosa</i><br> -  -  - Pucciniomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Platygloeales<br> -  -  - Tremellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Cystofilobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Mrakiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Itersonilia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Itersonilia perplexans</i><br> -  -  -  - Filobasidiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Filobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Filobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Filobasidium magnum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Naganishia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Naganishia diffluens</i><br> -  -  -  - Tremellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Bulleraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bullera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bullera arundinariae</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Bulleribasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dioszegia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dioszegia fristingensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella phetchabunensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Hannaella surugaensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cuniculitremaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kockovaella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rhynchogastremataceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema flavescens</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema laurentii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Papiliotrema nemorosus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Sirobasidiaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirobasidium</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sirobasidium brefeldianum</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Syzygosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Syzygospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Tremellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cryptococcus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Tremella</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Trimorphomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saitozyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Saitozyma podzolica</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugitazyma</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Sugitazyma miyagiana</i><br> -  -  -  - Trichosporonales<br> -  -  -  -  - Trichosporonaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum dehoogii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum laibachii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Apiotrichum sporotrichoides</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon dermatis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cutaneotrichosporon terricola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichosporon</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Trichosporon vanderwaltii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vanrija</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Vanrija humicola</i><br> -  - Chytridiomycota<br> -  -  - Lobulomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Lobulomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Lobulomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobulomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Lobulomyces angularis</i><br> -  -  - Rhizophydiomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Rhizophydiales<br> -  -  -  -  - Angulomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angulomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Angulomyces argentinensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Kappamycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kappamyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Kappamyces laurelensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Rhizophydiales_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Operculomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Operculomyces laminatus</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Terramycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boothiomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Boothiomyces macroporosum</i><br> -  -  - Spizellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Spizellomycetales<br> -  -  -  -  - Spizellomycetaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spizellomyces</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Spizellomyces acuminatus</i><br> -  - Entomophthoromycota<br> -  -  - Basidiobolomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Basidiobolales<br> -  -  -  -  - Basidiobolaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiobolus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Basidiobolus ranarum</i><br> -  - GS19<br> -  - Glomeromycota<br> -  -  - Archaeosporomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Archaeosporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Archaeosporaceae<br> -  -  - Glomeromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Diversisporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Acaulosporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora lacunosa</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Acaulospora minuta</i><br> -  -  -  - Gigasporales<br> -  -  -  -  - Gigasporaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gigaspora</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gigaspora margarita</i><br> -  -  -  - Glomerales<br> -  -  -  -  - Glomeraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dominikia</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Dominikia difficilevidera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhizophagus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Rhizophagus custos</i><br> -  - Kickxellomycota<br> -  -  - Kickxellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Kickxellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Kickxellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Ramicandelaber</i><br> -  - Mortierellomycota<br> -  -  - Mortierellomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Mortierellales<br> -  -  -  -  - Mortierellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella ambigua</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella capitata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella elongata</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella gemmifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella globulifera</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella horticola</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella humilis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella kuhlmanii</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella minutissima</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella nantahalensis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mortierella thereuopodae</i><br> -  - Mucoromycota<br> -  -  - Endogonomycetes<br> -  -  -  - Endogonales<br> -  -  - Mucoromycetes<br> -  -  -  - Mucorales<br> -  -  -  -  - Backusellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Backusella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Backusella circina</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Cunninghamellaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cunninghamella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Cunninghamella binariae</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gongronella</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Gongronella butleri</i><br> -  -  -  -  - Mucoraceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor amphibiorum</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Mucor irregularis</i><br> -  -  - Mucoromycotina_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - Mucoromycotina_ord_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  - Mucoromycotina_fam_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bifiguratus</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Bifiguratus adelaidae</i><br> -  -  - Umbelopsidomycetes<br> -  -  -  - GS23<br> -  -  -  - Umbelopsidales<br> -  -  -  -  - Umbelopsidaceae<br> -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis angularis</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis isabellina</i><br> -  -  -  -  -  -  - <i>Umbelopsis ramanniana</i><br> -  - Rozellomycota<br> -  -  - Rozellomycota_cls_Incertae_sedis<br> -  -  -  - GS07<br> -  -  -  - GS11<br></div> </div>
Data from: Spatial configuration matters when removing windfelled trees to manage bark beetle disturbances in Central European forest landscapes
<p>The published dataset contains the result of the paper titled <strong>Spatial configuration matters when removing windfelled trees to manage bark beetle disturbances in Central European forest landscapes, in Journal of Environmental Management.</strong></p> <p>Two zip files contain maps in ascii format for the total bark beetle and wind damage over 54 simulation year in our study region in Slovakia under reference climate and different climate change scenarios. No- salvaging and 95% salvaging scenarios are shown, just as in the paper.</p> <p>Excel file contains data of the other figures in the paper (main text and appendices as well).</p> <p>See more details about target area, and iLand model:</p> <p>https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192318302946</p> <p>http://iland.boku.ac.at/startpage</p> <p>contact: Laura Dobor; dobor.laura@gmail.com</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 4 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 4. The differences between the mean body length and the median value of body length for Pterostichus niger individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 6 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 6. The differences between the mean body length and the median value of body length for Carabus violaceus individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 5 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 5. The mean body length for Carabus violaceus individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 3 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 3. The mean body length for Pterostichus niger individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 2 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 2. The differences between the mean body length and the median value of body length for Carabus arcensis individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 1 in Body size differentiation in selected carabid species inhabiting Puszcza Piska forest stands disturbed by the hurricane
Fig. 1. The mean body length for Carabus arcensis individuals inhabiting post-hurricane (Pisz) and control (Maskulińskie) stands in years 2003-2007.
Fig. 5 in Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil
Fig. 5. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (BraY-Curtis coefficient) for samplings of the four Atlantic Forest sites sampled in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, between MaY 2016 and JulY 2017. Red circles represent the most similar clusters.
Fig. 4 in Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil
Fig. 4. Cluster analYsis of the dung beetle similaritY (Jaccard coefficient) between the four Atlantic Forest sites sampled in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil: Turvo State Park (TSPK); Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve (MRBR); Morro do Cerrito (MOCE); Val Feltrina (VAFE) between MaY 2016 and JulY 2017.
Fig. 3 in Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil
Fig. 3. Linear regression between the climatic variables (precipitation and temperature) and dung beetle abundance and richness sampled in Atlantic Forest sites of Rio Grande do Sul state (Turvo State Park, Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, Morro do Cerrito, Val Feltrina) between MaY 2016 and JulY 2017.
Fig. 2 in Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Rarefaction and extrapolation curves of the assemblages of Scarabaeinae sampled in four Atlantic Forest sites in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, during MaY 2016 to JulY 2017.
Fig. 1 in Seasonality of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic Forest sites with different levels of disturbance in southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the four Atlantic Forest sites sampled in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, map and satellite images: A, Turvo State Park, Derrubadas; B, Moreno Fortes Biological Reserve, Dois IrmÃos das Missões; C, Morro do Cerrito, Santa Maria; D, Val Feltrina, Silveira Martins. Source: ArcGIS software map; satellite images Google Earth Explorer.
Data associated with paper titled "Declining trends in canopy disturbance across reserve forest landscapes of the northeastern US"
<p>Data associated with work presented in an article submitted to Forest Ecology and Management entitled "Declining trends in canopy disturbance across reserve forest landscapes of the northeastern US". </p> <p>.tif files are forest disturbance maps created with the LandTrendr change detection algorithm and processes to show all disturbance events at an annual scale. Processing code available here: https://github.com/cafri-labs/lt_resources/blob/main/scripts/create_loss_layer.R </p> <p>.gpkg file is the boundaries of NYS land used in the study with dates of property acquisition</p> <p>Code used for the analysis of this data can be found here: https://github.com/cafri-labs/trends_canopy_disturbance</p>
Data and analysis code for Repo et al., "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes"
<p>This repository contains analysis code and pre-processed data for the study "Contrasting forest management strategies: impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services under changing climate and disturbance regimes" by Repo et al.<br>Data processing and analysis mainly done by Aapo Jantunen, Katharina Albrich<br>Due to respository space limitations, the original model outputs are archived in the Finnish "Allas" data storage service. For access, contact katharina.albrich@luke.fi<br>The code used to process the raw data is included here for reproducibility.</p> <p>If you are interested in using iLand, visit https://iland-model.org/ and https://iland-model.org/iland-book/ for information on using the model and a guide to setting up a landscape.</p> <p><span>This work was supported by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry by funding project Future multifunctional forests and their disturbance risk in the changing climate (Foster) through the “Catch the Carbon” initiative (<span>project number VN/28654/2020)</span>. A.R. has been supported by the grant [TRACY Trade-offs and synergies in land-based climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation decision 322066 by the Academy of Finland.], J. H by the grant [CASCADE - Changing Disturbance Regimes and Forest Landscapes of Fennoscandia 342569 by the Academy of Finland]. </span></p> <p> </p>
Meta-analysis shows forest soil CO2 effluxes are dependent on the disturbance regime and biome type
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>F</span><span>orest </span><span>s</span><span>oil CO<sub>2</sub> efflux (F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span>)</span><span> is a crucial process in global carbon cycling; however, how F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> responds to disturbance regimes in different forest biomes is poorly understood. </span><span>W</span><span>e quantif</span><span>ied</span><span> the effects of disturbance regimes on F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> </span><span>across boreal, temperate, tropical, and</span><span> Mediterranean</span><span> forests</span><span> based on 1240 observations from 380 studies. Globally, climatic perturbations such as elevated CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, warming, and increased precipitation increase F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> </span><span>by 13 to 25%. F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> is increased by forest conversion to grassland and elevated carbon input by forest management practices but reduced by decreased carbon input, fire, and acid rain. Disturbance also changes soil temperature and water content, which in turn affect the direction and magnitude of disturbance influences on F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span>. F</span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> is disturbance- and biome-type dependent, and such effects should be incorporated into earth system models to improve the projection of the feedback between the terrestrial C cycle and climate change.</span></p>
Data for linked disturbance in the temperate forest: earthworms, deer, and canopy gaps
<p>Despite the large body of theory concerning multiple disturbances, there have been relatively few attempts to test the theoretical assumptions of how and if disturbances interact. Of particular importance is whether disturbance events are linked, as this can influence the probability and intensity of ecological change. Disturbances are linked when one disturbance event increases or decreases the likelihood or extent of another. To this end, we used two long-term, multi-disturbance experiments in northern Wisconsin to determine whether earthworm invasion is linked to canopy gap creation and white-tailed deer browsing. These three disturbances are common and influential within North American temperate forests, making any interactions among them particularly important to understand. We expected both deer and canopy gaps to favor invasive earthworms, particularly species that live close to or on the soil surface. However, we found only partial support for our hypotheses, as both deer exclosures and canopy gaps decreased earthworms in each experiment. Further, earthworm density increased the most over time in areas far from the gap center and in areas with deer present. Deer exclosures primarily decreased <em>Aporrectodea</em> and <em>Lumbricus</em> species, while gaps decreased <em>Dendrobaena</em> and <em>Lumbricus</em> species. Our findings show that earthworm invasion is linked to deer presence and gap-creating disturbances, which provides new insight toward multiple disturbance theory, aboveground-belowground dynamics, and temperate forest management.</p>
Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradient and species traits
<p>Dataset and R scripts used in the publication "Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradient and species traits", PeerJ</p>
Attributing European forest disturbances to storm and fire
<p>This repository contains maps attributing each disturbance patch of the <a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4570157#.YFB27i337OQ">European Forest Disturbance Map</a> (version 1.1.4) to bark beetle/wind, fire or other disturbances (mostly harvest). The dataset is based on methods described in following paper, but have been updated with new reference data covering now also bark beetle disturbances: </p> <p>Senf, C. and Seidl, R. (2021) Storm and fire disturbance in Europe: Distribution and trends. <strong>Global Change Biology</strong>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15679">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15679</a></p> <p>To get the year of disturbance, please see the underlaying disturbance maps (version 1.1.4.; link given above).</p> <p><strong>Map classes:</strong></p> <p>NA = no disturbance<br> 1 = bark beetle or wind disturbances (both classes had to be grouped due to technical reasons)<br> 2 = fire disturbances<br> 3 = other disturbances, mostly harvest but might include salvage logging go small-scale natural disturbances and infrequent other natural agents (e.g., defoliation, avalanches, etc.)</p> <p><strong>Reference system:</strong></p> <p>The spatial reference system is EPSG 3035 (ETRS89 / LAEA Europe).</p> <p><strong>Word of caution:</strong></p> <p>Remote sensing-based maps, while fascinating to look at, contain errors. If you intent to use the map for your research, please carefully read the discussion on limitations in the paper accompanying the dataset. There will be many instances where the attribution (or even disturbance detection) is wrong. The maps are intended to give a broad, continental-scale overview on the distribution of disturbance agents.</p>
Multiple disturbances, multiple legacies: Fire, canopy gaps and deer jointly change the forest seed bank
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