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153 results for “Formica”
Fig. 8 – a in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 8 – a, Spatial distribution of mapped RWA nests in FBBSF based on the 1m DTM provided by the LDBV (2008/2009). Black square indicates a striking radial nest distribution pattern that can be explained by b, "onion-like" joints forming in the granite, as can be seen in the former quarry beneath the ruin Flossenbürg castle, approx. 14.5 km southeast of the FB Study area. Photo credit: M. Gibhardt.
Figure 4 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 4. Average diameter (4A, 4B) and height (4C, 4D) of F. rufa and F. polyctena anthills depending on the status: single, 2-5 anthills, 6- 10 anthills, 11-20 anthills, 21-50 anthills, 51-100 anthills in the nest complex (colony). Kyiv andregion, Ukraine.
Figure 7 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 7. Estimates of pair correlation function g(r) plotted against distance r for anthills of F. rufa (7A) and F.polyctena (7B).
Figure 6 in Size of nest complexes, the size of anthills, and infrastructure development in 4 species wood ants (Formica rufa, F. polyctena, F. aquilonia, F. lugubris) (Hymenoptera;
Figure 6. Average number of trails depending on the size class of the anthill F. rufa taking into account the diameter (6A) and height (6B), F. polyctena - also taking into account the diameter (6C) and height (6D), Kyiv and region, Ukraine.
Pathogen prevalence modulates medication behavior in ant Formica fusca
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Fine-scale habitat heterogeneity favours the coexistence of supergene-controlled social forms in Formica selysi
<p><b>Background:</b> Social insects vary widely in social organization, yet the genetical and ecological factors influencing this variation remain poorly known. In particular, whether spatially varying selection influences the maintenance of social polymorphisms in ants has been rarely investigated. To fill this gap, we examined whether fine-scale habitat heterogeneity contributes to the co-existence of alternative forms of social organization within populations. Single-queen colonies (monogyne social form) are generally associated with better colonization abilities, whereas multiple-queen colonies (polygyne social form) are predicted to be better competitors and monopolize saturated habitats. We hypothesize that each social form colonizes and thrives in distinct local habitats, as a result of their alternative dispersal and colony founding strategies. Here, we test this hypothesis in the Alpine silver ant, in which a supergene controls polymorphic social organization.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> Monogyne and polygyne colonies predominate in distinct habitats of the same population. The analysis of 59 sampling plots distributed across six habitats revealed that single-queen colonies mostly occupy unconnected habitats that were most likely reached by flight. This includes young habitats isolated by water and old habitats isolated by vegetation. In contrast, multiple-queen colonies were abundant in young, continuous and saturated habitats. Hence, alternative social forms colonize and monopolize distinct niches at a very local scale.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Alternative social forms colonized and monopolized different local habitats, in accordance with differences in colonization and competition abilities. The monogyne social form displays a colonizer phenotype, by efficiently occupying empty habitats, while the polygyne social form exhibits a competitor phenotype, thriving in saturated habitats. The combination of the two phenotypes, coupled with fine-scale habitat heterogeneity, may allow the coexistence of alternative social forms within populations. Overall, these results suggest that spatially varying selection may be one of the mechanisms contributing to the maintenance of genetic polymorphisms in social organization.</p>
Blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, reduce predation risk by eavesdropping on communication signals of Formica oreas thatching ants
<p>Ticks spend most of their life inhabiting leaf litter and detritus where they are protected from sun but preyed upon by ants. Ants secrete chemical communication signals to coordinate group tasks such as nest defense. Ticks that avoid ant semiochemicals – as indicators of ant presence – would reduce predation risk by ants. We tested the hypotheses that (1) chemical deposits from the thatching ant <em>Formica</em> <em>oreas</em> deter blacklegged ticks,<em> Ixodes scapularis</em>, (2) deterrent semiochemicals originate from the ants' poison and/or Dufour's gland(s), and (3) tick-deterrent semiochemicals serve as alarm-recruitment pheromone components in <em>F. oreas</em>. In two-choice olfactometer bioassays, filter paper soiled with ant chemical deposits significantly deterred female and male ticks. Poison and Dufour's gland extracts deterred ticks in combination but not alone. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses of gland extracts revealed formic acid as the major constituent in the poison gland and 8 hydrocarbons as constituents in the Dufour's gland. Synthetic formic acid and hydrocarbons deterred ticks only when combined. <em>F. oreas</em> workers sprayed both formic acid and hydrocarbons when distressed. A synthetic blend of these compounds elicited alarm-recruitment responses by <em>F. oreas</em> in behavioural bioassays. All results combined indicate that ticks eavesdrop on the ants' communication system.</p>
Fig. 1 in Una nueva cita ibérica para Formica bruni Kutter, 1967 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 1.- Obrera de Formica bruni de Viadangos de Arbás, cabeza en vista frontal. Escala: 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 5: Scutacarus rotundus (Berlese, 1903), female: A – solenidia of tibiotarsus I, B – leg IV in ventral view.
FIGURE 3 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 3: Scutacarus karafiati Khaustov n. sp., female: A – leg III in dorsal view, B – leg IV in ventral view.
FIGURE 2 in Mites of the family Scutacaridae (Acari: Pygmephoroidea) associated with Formica fusca L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Western Siberia, Russia
FIGURE 2: Scutacarus karafiati Khaustov n. sp., female: A – leg I in dorsal view, B – leg II in dorsal view.
Formica exsecta comparison of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes of nest material and the ants
<p>This study explores the microbiome of the ant <em>Formica exsecta,</em> and compares this to the microbiome found in the nest material. We found fundamental differences in both the bacterial and the fungal communities between ants and their nest material, but no significant differences in the bacterial and fungal communities among colonies. Species diversity, species richness, and evenness were all significantly lower for bacteria in ants than in nest material, whereas for fungi only species richness was lower in ants, than in nest material. No such differences were found among ants from diffrent colonies.</p>
Fig. 1 in Prédation des tiques Ixodes ricinus par les fourmis des bois Formica pratensis - expérience préliminaire
Fig. 1 (à gauche). Ouvrières de Formica pratensis. (Photo Christine Dobler Gross)
Formica fusca: Queen fecundity, worker entourage, and cuticular chemistry in the ant Formica fusca
<p><span>Cooperative breeding entails conflicts over reproductive shares that may be settled in different ways. In ants, where several queens simultaneously reproduce in a colony, both queens and workers may influence the reproductive apportionment and offspring quality. Queens may vary in their intrinsic fecundity, which may influence the size of the worker entourage attending individual queens, and this may eventually dictate the reproductive output of a queen. We tested whether the reproductive success of queens is affected by the size of their worker entourage, their fecundity at the onset of the reproductive season, and whether the queen cuticular hydrocarbon profile carries information on fecundity. We show that in the ant <em>Formica fusca</em> both queen fecundity and egg hatching success increase with the size of their entourage, and that initially highly fecund queens lay larger eggs. Furthermore, higher relatedness among workers increased queen fecundity. Finally, the queens that received a large worker entourage differed in the cuticular chemistry from those that received a small worker entourage. Our results thus show that workers play a pivotal role in determining queen fitness that high intracolony relatedness among workers enhances the overall reproductive output in the colony, and that queen fecundity is reflected in their cuticular hydrocarbon profile.</span></p>
Fig. 6 in Red wood Ants (Formica rufa-group) prefer mature pine forests in Variscan granite environments (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 6 – Preferred terrain exposure of RWA nests in a, MG (n=2,328) and b, FB (n=2,829) study area.
Supergene genotypes and associated phenotypes in Formica cinerea samples
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Antagonistic selection has long been considered a major driver of the formation and expansion of sex chromosomes. For example, sexually antagonistic variation on an autosome can select for suppressed recombination between that autosome and the sex chromosome, leading to a neo-sex chromosome. Autosomal supergenes, chromosomal regions containing tightly linked variants affecting the same complex trait, share similarities with sex chromosomes, raising the possibility that sex chromosome evolution models can explain the evolution of genome structure and recombination in other contexts. </span><span> </span><span>We tested this premise in a <em><span>Formica </span></em>ant species wherein we identified four supergene haplotypes on chromosome 3 underlying colony social organization and sex ratio. We discovered a novel rearranged supergene variant (9r) on chromosome 9 underlying queen miniaturization. The 9r is in strong linkage disequilibrium with one chromosome 3 haplotype (P<sub>2</sub>) found in multi-queen (polygyne) colonies. We suggest that queen miniaturization is strongly disfavored in the single queen (monogyne) background, and thus socially antagonistic. As such, divergent selection experienced by ants living in alternative social 'environments' (monogyne and polygyne) may have contributed to the emergence of a genetic polymorphism on chromosome 9 and associated queen-size dimorphism. Consequently, an ancestral polygyne-associated haplotype may have expanded to include the polymorphism on chromosome 9, resulting in a larger region of suppressed recombination spanning two chromosomes. This process is analogous to the formation of neo-sex chromosomes and consistent with models of expanding regions of suppressed recombination. We propose that miniaturized queens, 16-20% smaller than queens without 9r, could be incipient intraspecific social parasites.</span></p>
Formica fusca ants use aphid supplemented foods to alleviate effects during the acute phase of a fungal infection
<p>The modulation of nutritional intake by animals to combat pathogens is a behaviour which is getting increasing attention. Ant studies using isolated compounds or nutrients in artificial diets have revealed a lot of the dynamics of the behaviour, but natural sources of medicine are yet to be confirmed. Here we explored whether Formica fusca ants exposed to a fungal pathogen can use an artificial diet containing foods spiked with different concentrations of crushed aphids for a medicinal benefit. We show that pathogen exposed colonies adjusted their diet to include more aphid supplemented foods during the acute phase of the infection, reducing the mortality caused by the disease. However, the benefit was only attained when having access to a varied diet, suggesting that while aphids contain nutrients or compounds beneficial against infection, it is a part of a complex nutritional system where costs and benefits of compounds and nutrients need to be moderated.</p>
Supergene genotypes and associated phenotypes in Formica cinerea samples
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Data from: Unexpected absence of a multiple-queen supergene haplotype from supercolonial populations of Formica ants
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Cuticular hydrocarbons of pupae in the ant Formica exsecta
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