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FIGURE 2 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURE 2. Map showing the sampling site of Geissleria triundulata described from the Mula-Mutha River (photo) basin located in Maharashtra state, western peninsular region of India.

FIGURE 1 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURE 1. Figure showing the year-wise distribution of publications in the genus Geissleria (1996–2023) and the distributional analysis of these taxa across continents.

FIGURES 34–40 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURES 34–40. Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., Internal valve views: (Fig. 34) Internal view of an entire valve showing the organisation of striae, location of stigma and remnants of the copulae; (Figs 35–36) Distal raphe ends terminating into small helictoglossae; (Figs 37–38) Proximal raphe endings are slightly hooked and deflecting on the same side, and showing somewhat sunken striae; (Figs 39–40) Presence of warty outgrowths along the long sides of the subpolar areolae at the apices. Scale bars = 1μm. 3776/ 51.

FIGURES 27–33 in Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., a new freshwater diatom (Cymbellaceae, Bacillariophyta) from the Mula-Mutha River Basin, India

FIGURES 27–33. Geissleria triundulata sp.nov., External valve views: (Fig. 27) External view of an entire valve with straight and filiform proximal raphe endings; (Figs 28–29) Details of apices in external view presenting elongated subpolar areolae with distal raphe ends hooked in the same direction; (Figs 30–31) 1) Details showing the organisation of striae between the annuli and axial area, 2) Presence of slit-like transapically elongated structure at both sides of each apex (arrowheads); (Figs 32–33) Details of the central area showing the enlarged proximal raphe endings and presence of an isolated stigma. (Fig. 33) Central area is hyaline and slightly elevated. Scale bars = 1μm. 3776/ 51.

FIGURES 67–71 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 67–71. SEM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. from various rivers of French Guiana. 67–68. Internal view of frustules from the river Mana showing the simple structure of the raphe, the weakly elevated helictoglossae and the detail of the hymenes covering the areolae. 69–71. External views (epivalves) of frustules sampled respectively in the rivers Mana, Arataï (Approuague Basin) and Oyapock.

FIGURES 55–56 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 55–56. SEM micrographs of the type material of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. External views showing multiseriate striae in grooves, the costae sometimes larger than the striae with cross-bar network whose expansion cover the striae and interrupt them close to the sternum. Deep cavities in line along the raphe sternum.

FIGURES 57–66 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 57–66. LM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. population from the River Mana, French Guiana. Range of sizes. Scale bare = 10 μm.

FIGURES 43–54 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 43–54. LM micrographs of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. from the type locality, River Nouvelle France, French Guiana. Range of sizes. Transapical rows of dots alongside the raphe clearly visible. Scale bar = 10 μm.

FIGURES 35–42 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 35–42. SEM micrographs of Lacuneolimna zalokariae gen. nov., comb. nov. 35–40. Material from the Nouvelle France River. 35–37. External views showing pluriseriate striae in grooves, costae with a network of cross-bars (diverticuli-like). Straight raphe slit with proximal endings drop-shaped, weakly deflected to the primary side or almost straight (as common in the Sellaphoraceae) and distal fissures strongly bent to the secondary side. 38. Tilted view showing the rectangular aspect of the girdle. 39, 40. Internal views with simple structure of the raphe slit and small helictoglossae. 40. Areolae covered by hymenes while they are corroded in Fig. 39 (open alveoli). Comparatively very small areolae lying in shallow troughs, ca. 120 in 10 μm. 41–42. External views (hypovalve and epivalve) of cells sampled respectively in the rivers Mana and Oyapock.

FIGURE 1. A in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURE 1. A. Global map of South America with the location of French Guiana. B. Location of the type locality of Lacuneolimna novagallia sp. nov. (triangle with dot) within the hydrographic network of the Maroni River and the distribution of Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. in 2009 (stars) among the main rivers of French Guiana.

FIGURES 2–34 in Lacuneolimna gen. nov., Lacuneolimna zalokariae comb. nov. and Lacuneolimna novagallia spec. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from the French Guiana diatom freshwater flora

FIGURES 2–34. LM micrographs of Lacuneolimna zalokariae gen. nov., comb. nov. from Nouvelle France River, French Guiana. Range of sizes. Scale bar = 10μm.

FIGURES 67–71 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 67–71. Gomphoneis oreophila Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from Rice Creek, California, USA (site 518RCNAPC). SEM images. Internal valve view of the same specimen. Fig. 67 shows a large axial plate and narrow marginal lamina. Fig. 68 central nodule bears a slit-like stigma and recurved proximal raphe ends. Fig 69 detail of the marginal lamina near the central area. Figs 70 and 71 detail of the marginal lamina at the foot pole. Scale bars: Fig. 67 = 10 μm; Fig. 68 = 3 μm; Fig. 70 = 2 μm; Figs 69, 71 = 0.5 μm.

FIGURES 59–66 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 59–66. Gomphoneis oreophila Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from Rice Creek, California, USA (site 518RCNAPC). SEM images. Fig. 59 external valve view. Fig. 60 external valve view of initial cell. Fig. 61 external girdle view. Figs 62 and 63 detail of the head pole. Fig. 64 detail of foot pole with apical pore field. Fig. 65 central area with single circular stigma. Fig. 66 central area of initial cell with single stigma and several sigmoid areolae. Figs showing the same specimen are: 59, 62, 64, and 65; 60, 63, and 66. Scale bars: Figs 59–61 = 10 μm; Fig. 63 = 3 μm; Figs 62, 64, 65, 66 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 46–58 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 46–58. Gomphoneis oreophila Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from Rice Creek, California, USA (site 518RCNAPC). LM images. Figs 46–52, 55–57 valve view. Figs 53, 54 valve view of initial valves. Fig. 58 girdle view. Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIGURES 28–39 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 28–39. Gomphonema sierrianum Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from San Antonio Creek, California, USA (site 533SPILSA). LM images. Figs 28–33, 35–39 valve view. Fig. 34 girdle view. Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIGURES 22–27 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 22–27. Gomphonema californicum Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from Digger Creek, California, USA (site 507DCABSF). SEM images. Figs 22 and 23 show external valve view of the central area with isolated stigma and small depressions (white arrows), surrounded by short striae composed of areolae with variable shape. Figs 24–27 internal valve view. Figs 25 and 26 illustrate the interval view of the central nodule, bearing a slit-like stigma opening and dilated and recurved proximal raphe ends. Figs showing the same specimen are: 24 and 25; 26 and 27. Scale bars: Figs 24, 27 = 10 μm; Figs 22, 23, 25, 26 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 15–21 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 15–21. Gomphonema californicum Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from Digger Creek, California, USA (site 507DCABSF). SEM images. Figs 15, 16, 19, 20 external valve view. Figs 17, 18, 21 external girdle view. Figs 17, 18, 19, 21 show an apical spine at the head pole (white arrows). Fig. 20 illustrates narrow, unornamented area within the apical pore field at the foot pole (white arrowheads). Figs showing the same specimen are: 15 and 19; 16 and 20; 18 and 21. Scale bars: Figs 15–18 = 10 μm; Figs 19–21 = 2 μm.

FIGURES 40–45 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 40–45. Gomphonema sierrianum Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov. type material from San Antonio Creek, California, USA (site 533SPILSA). SEM images. Figs 40, 44 internal valve

FIGURES 1–14 in New Freshwater Gomphonemoid Diatoms from Streams in the Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, USA

FIGURES 1–14. Gomphonema californicum Stancheva & Kociolek, sp. nov., LM images. Figs 1, 4, 5, 6 (type material, site 507DCABSF). Figs 3, 10, 12, 13, 14 (site 518RCNAPC). Figs 2, 7, 8, 9, 11 (site 521BTC303). Figs 1–11 valve view. Figs 12 and 13 girdle view; note that the focus on Fig. 13 is on the apical spines. Fig. 14 initial valve. Scale bar: 10 μm.