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84 results for “Frost”
FROST spectral measurements
<p>Datasets collected for the development and performance testing of a low-cost instrument for fast-synchronized spatial measurements of light spectra (FROST). Figure references correspond with the Figures as published in AMT, Heusinkveld et al., 2023.</p> <p>Of special interest are the spectral measurements (ASD Fieldspec) of 11 March and 15 May 2022 at Wageningen Weather station Veenkampen, The Netherlands and the experimental data collected with the light spectroscopy sensor made by AMS, Austria: type: AS7265x including its spectral response data. Light diffusing PTFE and Acrylic glass filters light spectral data are also included.</p> <p>Reference:</p> <p>Heusinkveld, B.G., Mol, W.B., van Heerwaarden, C.: A new accurate low-cost instrument for fast synchronized spatial measurements of light spectra, 2023.</p>
Physiological tolerance to frost and drought explains range limits of 35 European tree species
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Data from: Frost damage measured by electrolyte leakage in subarctic bryophytes increases with climate warming
<p>1. Observed climate change in northern high latitudes is strongest in winter, but still relatively little is known about the effects of winter climate change on tundra ecosystems. Ongoing changes in winter climate and snow cover will change the intensity, duration, and frequency of frost events. Bryophytes form a major component of northern ecosystems but their responses to winter climate changes are largely unknown. 2. Here, we studied how changes in overall winter climate and snow regime affect frost damage in three common bryophyte taxa that differ in desiccation tolerance in a subarctic tundra ecosystem. We used a snow manipulation experiment where bryophyte cores were transplanted from just above the treeline to similar elevation (i.e., current cold climate) and lower elevation (i.e., near-future warmer climate scenario) in Abisko, Sweden. Here we measured frost damage in shoots of <em>Ptilidium ciliare</em>, <em>Hylocomium splendens</em> and <em>Sphagnum fuscum</em> with the relative electrolyte leakage (REL) method, during late winter and spring in two consecutive years. We hypothesized that frost damage would be lower in a milder climate (low site), higher under reduced snow cover, and that taxa from moister habitats with assumed low desiccation tolerance would be more sensitive to lower temperature and thinner snow cover than those from drier and more exposed habitats. 3. Contrary to our expectations, frost damage was highest at low elevation, while the effect of snow treatment differed across sites and taxa. At the high site, frost damage was reduced under snow addition in the taxon with the assumed lowest desiccation tolerance, <em>S. fuscum</em>. Surprisingly, frost damage increased with mean temperature in the bryophyte core of the preceding 14 days leading up to REL measurements and decreased with higher frost degree sums, i.e., was highest in the milder climate at the low site. 4. Synthesis. Our results imply that climate warming in late winter and spring increases frost damage in bryophytes. Given the high abundance of bryophytes in tundra ecosystems, higher frost damage could alter the appearance and functioning of the tundra landscape, although the short and long-term effects on bryophyte fitness remain to be studied.</p>
Leaf-level resistance to frost, drought and heat covaries across European temperate tree seedlings
<p>Most trees die as seedlings, with harsh environmental conditions, such as early-spring frosts and summer heat waves, being important drivers of early mortality. However, it remains unclear whether tolerance to different environmental extremes (e.g. frost vs. heat) trades-off, or covaries synergistically and how stress tolerances relate to growth rates and life history strategies. Given the likely role of extreme environmental conditions as environmental filters, the ability to tolerate different stressors at the seedling stage could shape the occurrence and composition of present and future forests.</p> <p>We explored the relationships between different leaf-level stress tolerances, functional traits and geographic distributions across 22 species of temperate European tree seedlings. We measured indicators of tolerance to frost, drought and heat and related these values to growth rates and to important functional traits (e.g., leaf mass per area, stem specific density). Finally, we explored the links between measured seedling stress tolerances and climatic niche limits inferred from adult trees' distributions.</p> <p>We found that seedlings of most species were either moderately tolerant to all three stressors, or susceptible to all of them. Moreover, higher stress tolerances were associated with traits describing slower growth and lower competitive ability. However, seedling tolerances to climatic factors were unrelated to the environmental limits of their adult geographic distributions.</p> <p><em>Synthesis.</em> Our results suggest that temperate tree seedlings might not experience trade-offs when facing an increase in multiple extreme climate stressors, but may experience trade-offs related to growth rate and competitive ability in the establishment phase. The lack of correlation between leaf-level stress tolerances and the environmental limits of adult geographic distributions suggests that predicting species' current or future geographic distributions in Europe will require a more nuanced understanding of how climatic tolerances at juvenile and adult stages influence range limits. A better understanding of the interaction between survival in extreme climate, leaf-level stress tolerances of seedlings, and the factors driving species distributions is needed to understand future forest responses to climate change.</p>
Martian Frost in HiRISE Observations of Northern Mid-Latitude Craters
<p>This dataset contains a labeled set of High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) image tiles that either do or do not contain visible indications of frost presence. The dataset was created using Labelbox to draw polygonal annotations over subframes extracted from HiRISE observations. Then, each subframe was broken into 299x299 pixel tiles at 0.5 m/pixel resolution, and a majority vote across annotations is used to determine whether each tile is given a "frost," "background," or "ambiguous" label. Ambiguous labels are assigned if there is not a majority agreement about the label of the tile given the polygons. All tiles from "background" subframes (taken during summer months when no frost is present) are assigned a "background" label. Corresponding to each tile is a JSON label file containing metadata from overlapping annotations. There is also a TensorFlow TFRecord object saved for each subframe that contains the set of all tiles extracted from that subrame.</p>
Amphibian Species of the World (ASW) - obsolete: Frost, Darrel R. 2018. Amphibian Species of the World
Data from Frost, Darrel R. 2018. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. Electronic Database accessible at <p></p>http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.<p></p>Frost, Darrel R. 2019. Amphibian Species of the World: an online reference. Version 6 (DATE OF ACCESS). Electronic Database accessible at <p></p>http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. <p></p>https://eol-jira.bibalex.org/browse/TRAM-811 The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL, eol.org) aggregates biodiversity information from more than 400 sources and provides access to the data through taxon pages, visual query and application programming interfaces. Scientific names are essential elements of the data integration infrastructure, but their shortcomings as key identifiers are well documented (Patterson et al., 2016). Complex automated workflows and continuous manual curation are required to address idiosyncrasies of source taxonomies, variation in data quality, and conflicting taxonomic opinions. To achieve a harmonized taxonomic view of EOL content, names from data sources are mapped to a dynamic reference hierarchy ([see current version here](<p></p>https://opendata.eol.org/dataset/tram-807-808-809-810-dh-v1-1/resource/00adb47b-57ed-4f6b-8f66-83bfdb5120e8)) using an algorithm that leverages canonical name strings, hierarchical information (ancestry, descendants), taxonomic ranks, synonym data, and author strings. Names that cannot be associated with a reference taxon are still accessible, but their unmapped status excludes them and any associated content from certain core EOL functions. For more information about the EOL taxonomy, see [EOL Dynamic Hierarchy](<p></p>https://eol.org/docs/eol-dynamic-hierarchy)
No risk – no fun: Penalty and recovery from spring frost damages in deciduous temperate trees
<p>Phenological shifts in response to changing climatic conditions are a key acclimation process for the persistence of perennial plants in temperate and boreal climates. The optimal time to leaf-out is the result of evolutionary processes determined by the trade-off between minimizing the risk of freezing damages and herbivory pressure while maximizing resource uptake to increase competitiveness against the other plants.</p> <p>We quantified the penalty exerted by frost exposure at the time of leaf emergence on plant development (reduction in leaf area, canopy duration, and growth) over the potential gains without frost (increased biomass and non-structural carbohydrate reserves), depending on when leaf-out occurs. To this purpose, we exposed 960 saplings of four temperate deciduous tree species with contrasting cold hardiness to two frost intensities shortly after leaf emergence, which was artificially induced at four occasions to reflect the whole range of natural leaf-out dates.</p> <p>One year above-ground biomass (AGB) increments following the frost revealed a clear ranking among the species depending on their strategy to cope with damaging frosts. Prunus avium (-41% of AGB-increment compared to control saplings) resprouted from the stem base, Quercus robur (-62%) rapidly produced new leaves from dormant reserve buds, Fagus sylvatica (-98%) showed the highest chlorophyll content in autumn and delayed senescence together with Carpinus betulus (-105%), which overcompensated NSC reserves after the growing season but showed highest mortality (up to 32%). In all species, NSC reserves recovered rapidly their initial stage at the expense of growth.</p> <p>The timing of leaf-out (advanced and delayed artificially) significantly affected the performance and recovery (regreening and growth) of both frozen and non-frozen saplings, with the lowest performance found at the most delayed leaf-out date. We propose that the potential to recover from frost damages is an important component of a tree's performance, particularly at the juvenile stage. The ability to recover may become even more decisive in the future with the predicted increase of false springs in many extra-tropical regions.</p>
Dataset for: Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere
<p>Forests are increasingly exposed to extreme global warming-induced climatic events. However, the immediate and carry-over effects of extreme events on forests are still poorly understood. Gross primary productivity (GPP) capacity is regarded as a good proxy of the ecosystem's functional stability, reflecting its physiological response to its surroundings. Using eddy covariance data from 34 forest sites in the Northern Hemisphere, we analyzed the immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost (LSF) and growing season drought on needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. Path analysis was applied to reveal the plausible reasons behind the varied responses of forests to extreme events. The results show that LSF had clear immediate effects on the GPP capacity of both needle-leaf and broadleaf forests. However, GPP capacity in needle-leaf forests was more sensitive to drought than in broadleaf forests. There was no interaction between LSF and drought in either needle-leaf or broadleaf forests. Drought effects were still visible when LSF and drought coexisted in needle-leaf forests. Path analysis further showed that the response of GPP capacity to drought differed between needle-leaf and broadleaf forests, mainly due to the difference in the sensitivity of canopy conductance. Moreover, LSF had a more severe and long-lasting carry-over effect on forests than drought. These results enrich our understanding of the mechanisms of forest response to extreme events across forest types.</p>
FROST - A video about the videos
<p><strong>FROST— Fieldwork instRuctionals fOr Students and Teachers</strong></p> <p>The purpose of the FROST project is to create new teaching material for fieldwork participants. The project videos are used in various courses at the University Centre in Svalbard. This video is a guide on how to create similar videos.</p> <p>More information about the project can be found here: https://www.iearth.no/resource/frost-a-video-about-the-videos</p>
iWalk on FROST - How to create a walkable map
<p><strong>iWalk on FROST</strong></p> <p>This project created a virtual walkable maps by using geo-data and a gaming engine. The video is a step-by-step guide on how to create a similar game. More information about the project can be found here: https://www.iearth.no/resource/iwalk-how-to-create-a-walkable-map</p> <p>An example game can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7997591</p> <p>A tutorial for preparing in-game videos for games can be found here: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7997495</p>
The cryoICE™ CryoAnalgesia Study For Pain Management in Post thoRacic Procedures Via intercOSTal Cryoanalgesia (FROST)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02922153. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
Data from: Rare frost events reinforce tropical savanna-forest boundaries
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No risk – no fun: Penalty and recovery from spring frost damages in deciduous temperate trees
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Data from: Frost damage measured by electrolyte leakage in subarctic bryophytes increases with climate warming
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Data from: Drought tolerance as an evolutionary precursor to frost and winter tolerance in grasses
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Dataset for: Immediate and carry-over effects of late-spring frost and growing season drought on forest gross primary productivity capacity in the Northern Hemisphere
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Leaf-out in northern ecotypes of wide-ranging trees requires less spring warming, enhancing the risk of spring frost damage at cold range limits
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Leaf-level resistance to frost, drought and heat covaries across European temperate tree seedlings
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Ensemble calculations of "Consecutive Frost Days" from EURO-CORDEX data for Europe
<p><strong>Climate Index: </strong>Consecutive Frost days</p> <p><strong>Definition:</strong> Maximum number of days with daily minimum temperature below 0°C.</p> <p><strong>Additional information:</strong> The dataset is based on an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX model simulations of daily near-surface maximum temperature. All ensemble members are bias-corrected against the gridded daily observational dataset E-OBS.</p> <p>Results (ensemble mean and standard deviation) are available for historical (1971-2000) and future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100) climate periods and for the representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.</p> <p>The bias-corrected EURO-CORDEX climate model simulations used are:</p> <ul> <li>CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>DMI-HIRHAM5/ICHEC-EC-EARTH</li> <li>KNMI-RACMO22E/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, KNMI-RACMO22E/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>SMHI-RCA4/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, SMHI-RCA4/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> </ul>
Ensemble calculations of "Frost Days" from EURO-CORDEX data for Europe
<p><strong>Climate Index: </strong>Frost days</p> <p><strong>Definition:</strong> Number of days with daily minimum temperature below 0°C.</p> <p><strong>Additional information:</strong> The dataset is based on an ensemble of EURO-CORDEX model simulations of daily near-surface maximum temperature. All ensemble members are bias-corrected against the gridded daily observational dataset E-OBS.</p> <p>Results (ensemble mean and standard deviation) are available for historical (1971-2000) and future (2011-2040, 2041-2070, 2071-2100) climate periods and for the representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5.</p> <p>The bias-corrected EURO-CORDEX climate model simulations used are:</p> <ul> <li>CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, CLMcom-CCLM4-8-17/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>DMI-HIRHAM5/ICHEC-EC-EARTH</li> <li>KNMI-RACMO22E/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, KNMI-RACMO22E/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> <li>SMHI-RCA4/ICHEC-EC-EARTH, SMHI-RCA4/MOHC-HadGEM2-ES</li> </ul>
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OpenNeuro
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