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Fig. 12. Pyrops whiteheadi and P in Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 12. Pyrops whiteheadi and P. intricatus, in natura, trophobiosis. — A–E. P. whiteheadi. A–B. Tended by cockroaches (Blattodea, Dorylaea, probably D. magna (Schelford, 1909)), Sabah, Danum Valley, 4 Jul. 2013, A. Sorokin. C. Tended by small cockroach (Blattodea, Pseudophyllodromiinae), Sabah, Danum Valley, 15 Dec. 2008, C.C. Lee. D. Sabah, Lower Kinabatangan River, 9 Aug. 2012, N. Messina. E. Tended by an adult gecko, Gehyra mutilata (Wiegmann, 1835) (Squamata: Gekkonidae), Sabah, Sepilok, 6 Jun. 2013, C.C. Lee. — F. P. intricatus tended by cockroach (Blattodea, Dorylaea sp.), Sarawak, Mulu National Park, 15 Oct. 2009, C.C. Lee.

Fig. 2 in Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 2. Pyrops effusus ♀, Kalimantan, Batulicin (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Frons, normal view. Scale bar = 30 mm (D–E not to scale).

Fig. 3 in Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 3. Pyrops gunjii ♂, E Kalimantan, Samarinda, Mt Beratus (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Frons, normal view. Scale bar = 30 mm (D–E not to scale).

Fig. 1 in Review of the effusus group of the Lanternfly genus Pyrops Spinola, 1839, with one new species and notes on trophobiosis (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 1. Pyrops intricatus ♀, Kalimantan, Mt Bawan (RBINS). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Head and thorax, lateral view. E. Frons, normal view. Scale bar = 30 mm (D–E not to scale).

Fig. 10. Hemisphaeroides spp. A–E. Hemisphaeroides aeneoniger Melichar, 1903, syntype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Labels. D. Habitus, ventral view. E in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 10. Hemisphaeroides spp. A–E. Hemisphaeroides aeneoniger Melichar, 1903, syntype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Labels. D. Habitus, ventral view. E. Habitus, caudal view. — F–I. Hemisphaeroides atromaculatus Distant, 1916, syntype. F. Habitus, dorsal view. G. Habitus, lateral view. H. Metope and clypeus, facial view. I. Labels. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 11. Hemisphaeroides spp. A–D. Hemisphaeroides fuscoclypeatus Distant, 1916, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 11. Hemisphaeroides spp. A–D. Hemisphaeroides fuscoclypeatus Distant, 1916, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Metope and clypeus, facial view. C. Habitus, lateral view. D. Labels. — E–H. Hemisphaeroides lineatus Melichar, 1903, syntype. E. Habitus, dorsal view. F. Metope and clypeus, facial view. G. Habitus, lateral view. H. Labels. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 9. Gnezdilovius spp. A–C in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 9. Gnezdilovius spp. A–C. Gnezdilovius multipunctatus (Che, Zhang & Wang, 2007) comb. nov., paratype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Metope and clypeus, facial view. — D–F. Gnezdilovius lineatus (Kato, 1933) comb. nov. D. Metope and clypeus, facial view. E. Habitus, lateral view. F. Habitus, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 6. Gergithus signatifrons Melichar, 1906, syntype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 6. Gergithus signatifrons Melichar, 1906, syntype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Metope and clypeus, frontolateral view. C. Head and thorax, dorsal view. D. Metope and clypeus, facial view. E. Habitus, lateral view. F. Labels.

Fig. 8. Mongoliana spp. A–B in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 8. Mongoliana spp. A–B. Mongoliana chilocorides (Walker, 1851), holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Frons and clypeus, facial view. — C–D. Mongoliana recurrens (Butler, 1875), holotype. C. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Frons and clypeus, facial view.

Fig. 4 in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 4. Gergithus frontilongus sp. nov. A. Gonoplac, dorsal view. B. Gonoplac, right view. C. Female anal tube, dorsal view. D. Gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, right view. E. Gonapophysis IX and gonaspiculum bridge, dorsal view. F. Gonocoxa VIII and gonapophysis VIII, right view. G. Sternum VII, ventral view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 3 in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 3. Gergithus frontilongus sp. nov. A. Male anal tube, dorsal view. B. Male genitalia, lateral view. C. Capitulum of gonostyle, dorsal view. D. Phallobase, ventral view. E. Penis, left view. F. Penis, right view. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 7. Hemisphaerini. A–D in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 7. Hemisphaerini. A–D. Gergithus schaumi (Stål, 1855), syntype. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Metope and clypeus, facial view. D. Label. — E–F. Gergithus frontilongus sp. nov. E. Metope and clypeus, lateral view. F. Metope and clypeus, facial view. — G–H. Gnezdilovius iguchii (Matsumura, 1916) comb. nov. G. Metope and clypeus, lateral view. H. Metope and clypeus, facial view. Arrows points the anteclypeus angular or compressed.

Fig. 5. Gergithus spp. A–C in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 5. Gergithus spp. A–C. Gergithus sp. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, frontal view. C. Habitus, lateral view. — D–F. Gergithus cribratus Melichar, 1906. D. Habitus, dorsal view. E. Habitus, lateral view. F. Frons and clypeus, facial view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 2. Gergithus frontilongus sp. nov. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, lateral view. C. Metope and clypeus, facial view. D. Metope and clypeus, lateral view. E. Fore leg, mid leg, hind leg. F. Tegmen. G. Hind wing. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 1. Hemisphaerini. A–B. Macrodaruma pertinax Fennah, 1978. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B in Nomenclatural changes in the planthopper tribe Hemisphaeriini (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Issidae), with the description of a new genus and a new species

Fig. 1. Hemisphaerini. A–B. Macrodaruma pertinax Fennah, 1978. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. — C–D. Neogergithoides tubercularis Sun, Meng & Wang, 2012. C. Habitus, dorsal view. D. Metope and clypeus, facial view. — E–F. Choutagus longicephalus Zhang, Wang & Che, 2006. E. Habitus, dorsal view. F. Habitus, ventral view. — G–H. Gergithoides carinatifrons Schumacher, 1915. G. Habitus, ventral view. H. Habitus, dorsal view. — I–J. Hemisphaerius lysanias Fennah, 1978. I. Habitus, dorsal view. J. Metope and clypeus, facial view. — K–L. Rotundiforma nigrimaculata Meng, Wang & Qin, 2013. K. Habitus, dorsal view. L. Metope and clypeus, facial view. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 22 in Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 22. Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913) in nature (photographs by S. Chen). A. Eggs, Taipei City, 28 Jul. 2012. B. Hatched eggs, idem, 19 Feb. 2016. C. Nymph, Nantou County, 14 Feb. 2012. D. Nymph, Taipei City, 7 Jun. 2012, on Triadica sebifera (L.). E–F. Adult, Taipei City, 16 Aug. 2012, on T. sebifera. G. Adult predated by a Sparassidae spider, Taipei City, 16 Aug. 2012, on T. sebifera. H. Group of adults, Taipei City, 6 Aug. 2011, on trunk of T. sebifera.

Figs 19–21 in Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Figs 19–21. Pyrops watanabei (Matsumura, 1913), type specimens of the synonymised taxa. 19– 20. Fulgora chimara Schumacher, 1915. 19. Lectotype, ♀ (MFNB, photographs by J. Constant). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, right lateral view. C. Labels. Total length: 37 mm. 20. Paralectotype, ♀ (photographs SDEI). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Labels. Wingspan: 82 mm. — 21. Fulgora watanabei apicalis Kato, 1928, holotype, ♀ (UMUT, photographs by M. Hayashi). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Labels. Wingspan: 80 mm.

Figs 10–12 in Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Figs 10–12. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839) and synonymised species, type specimens. 10. Fulgora clavata Westwood, 1839, lectotype, ♂ (OUMNH, photographs by A. Spooner). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Labels and genitalia tube. C. Habitus, ventral view. — 11. F. clavata Westwood, 1839, paralectotype, ♀ (OUMNH, photographs by A. Spooner). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Labels. C. Habitus, ventral view. — 12. Hotinus ponderosus Stål, 1854, holotype, ♀ (NHRS, photographs by J. Constant). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head and thorax, left lateral view. D. Head, normal view of frons. E. Labels. Wingspan: 88 mm.

Fig. 5 in Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 5. Pyrops atroalbus (Distant, 1918) comb. nov., holotype ♂ (BMNH, photographs by D. Croucher). A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Labels.

Fig. 3 in Review of the clavatus group of the lanternfly genus Pyrops (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Fulgoridae)

Fig. 3. Pyrops clavatus (Westwood, 1839), ♀♀, Thailand, Chiang Mai, Dec. 2007 (RBINS). A–E. Pale specimen. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Head and thorax, left lateral view. D. Head, normal view of frons. E. Habitus, left lateral view. — F. Intermediate specimen with cephalic process black dorsally, habitus, dorsal view. (C–D not to scale.)