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1,855 results for “Fungus”
Figs 2–7 in New data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Yakutia with description of three new species
Figs 2–7. Details of male terminalia of Sciophila canadensis Zaitzev. 2 – tergite 9; 3 – gonostylus, caudal view; 4 – gonostylus, lateral view; 5 – gonostylus, mesial view; 6 – aedeagal apparatus, dorsal view; 7 – aedeagal apparatus, lateral view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Figs 22–25 in New data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Yakutia with description of three new species
Figs 22–25. Male terminalia of Pseudexechia endybalensis sp. n. 22 – ventral view; 23 – tergite 9; 24 – hypandrial lobe; 25 – gonostylus, mesial view. Abbreviations: hl – hypandrial lobe; hp – hypoproct; mphl – median projection of hypandrial lobe; vbg – ventral branch of gonostylus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Figs 11–14 in New data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Yakutia with description of three new species
Figs 11–14. Male terminalia of Macrorrhyncha nocticolor sp. n. (enlarged). 11 – ventral view; 12 – dorsal view; 13 – lateral view; 14 – gonostylus, lateral view. Abbreviations: dp – dorsal process of gonocoxites; vpg – ventral process of gonostylus. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
Figs 15–21 in New data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Yakutia with description of three new species
Figs 15–21. Male terminalia of Docosia spp.: D. fasciculata sp. n. (15–20) and D. mulleri Plassmann (21). 15 – ventral view; 16 – dorsal view; 17 – lateral view; 18 – caudal view; 19 – posteroventral margin of gonocoxites, dorsocaudal view; 20, 21 – gonostylus, lateral view. Abbreviations: dbg – dorsal branch of gonostylus; mp – median process of gonocoxites; plp – posterolateral process of gonocoxites; smt – submedian tuft of modified setae; vbg – ventral branch of gonostylus. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Figs 8–10 in New data on the fungus gnats (Diptera: Keroplatidae, Mycetophilidae) of Yakutia with description of three new species
Figs 8–10. Male terminalia of Macrorrhyncha nocticolor sp. n. 8 – ventral view; 9 – lateral view; 10 – dorsal view. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.
FIGURE 5. Endomychids from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers. 1-3 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 5. Endomychids from Baltic and Bitterfeld ambers. 1-3, Laima andreei gen. et sp. nov. (No. 1222-5 [CCHH], holotype), habitus in lateral (1), dorsal (2), and ventral (3) views. 4-5, Trochoideus koenigsbergicus sp. nov. (No. 1506-1 [CCHH], holotype), habitus in dorsal view (4), and antenna in lateral view (5). 6-7, Trochoideus resinatissimus sp. nov., antenna (6) and maxillary palp (7) in lateral views.
FIGURE 2 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 2. Kleinzaches germanicianus gen. et sp. nov. (No. 181-1 [CCHH], holotype) (Anamorphidae) from Bitterfeld amber. 1-2, Habitus in dorsal (1) and ventral (2) views. 3, A reconstruction of the habitus in dorsal view. 4, Close-up of the anterior part of body in latero-ventral view.
FIGURE 1 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 1. Gramboale prutenorum gen. et sp. nov. (No. 1799-1 [CCHH], holotype) (Anamorphidae) from Baltic amber. 1-3, Habitus in lateral (1), dorsal (2), and ventral (3) views. 4, A reconstruction of the habitus in ventral view.
FIGURE 4. Anamorphid and Endomychid from Baltic amber. 1-3 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 4. Anamorphid and Endomychid from Baltic amber. 1-3, Symbiotes borussiaeorientalis sp. nov. (No. 1799-2 [CCHH], holotype), habitus in dorso-lateral (1) and ventro-lateral (2) views, and a reconstruction of the habitus in dorsal view (3). 4, Laima andreei gen. et sp. nov., a reconstruction of the habitus in dorsal view.
FIGURE 6. Endomychids from Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers. 1-2 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 6. Endomychids from Bitterfeld and Baltic ambers. 1-2, Trochoideus resinatissimus sp. nov. (No. 53-2 [CCHH], holotype), habitus in dorsal view (1), and forebody in ventral view (2). 3-5, Glesirhanis bercioi Shockley and Alekseev, 2014 (No. 1219-2 [CCHH]), habitus in dorsal (3), ventro-lateral (4), and lateral (5) views. 6-7, Phymaphoroides antennatus Motschulsky, 1856 (No. 1219-3 [CCHH]), close-up of antenna (6), and habitus in dorso-lateral view (7).
FIGURE 3. Anamorphids from Baltic amber. 1-3 in New handsome fungus beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinelloidea: Anamorphidae, Endomychidae) from European amber of the Upper Eocene
FIGURE 3. Anamorphids from Baltic amber. 1-3, Palaecoryphus viktori gen. et sp. nov. (No. 1222-3 [CCHH], holotype), habitus in left lateral (1), dorsal (2), and right lateral (3) views. 4-6, Giltine ampeensis gen. et sp. nov. (No. AWI- 133 [CVIA], holotype), a reconstruction of the habitus in dorsal view (4) and habitus in dorsal (5) and ventro-lateral (6) views.
Data from: Is exposure to chytrid fungus and ranavirus higher in ponds invaded by American bullfrogs?
<p>Data associated with manuscript: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-025-03648-8<br><br>The spread of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) and non-native invasive species are interconnected processes driving biodiversity loss. A key example involves Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and ranavirus (Rv), pathogens contributing to global amphibian declines. Their occurrence has been linked to invasive American bullfrogs (Lithobates catesbeianus) serving as asymptomatic vectors. To determine the relationship between Bd and Rv exposure and bullfrogs, we investigated whether pathogen occurrence and environmental loads are correlated with the presence and density of bullfrogs and whether the seasonal variation in Bd exposure is related to bullfrog phenology. We sampled 157 ponds in Belgium, including four with known bullfrog and Bd presence that were monitored monthly for two years, using quantitative environmental DNA (eDNA) barcoding. We validated a duplexed assay that simultaneously targets Bd and Rv, and we quantified eDNA concentrations of bullfrogs, Bd, and Rv serving as proxies for density and pathogen loads. Bd was detected more frequently when bullfrogs were present and both the frequency of detection and environmental loads of Bd increased in ponds with high bullfrog densities. In contrast, Rv detection likelihood and load were not significantly related to bullfrog presence or density. Seasonal fluctuations in Bd loads varied between ponds with and without breeding activity. In the former, Bd was consistently detected, likely due to overwintering tadpoles. In the latter, Bd loads varied throughout the year, with peak loads coinciding with juvenile immigration. Collectively, our findings indicate that amphibian exposure to Bd, but not Rv, is higher in areas and periods where bullfrogs are present and occur at high densities</p>
Group composition of individual personalities alters social network structure in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p><span>Social network structure is a critical group character that mediates the flow of information, pathogens, and resources among individuals in a population, yet little is known about what shapes social structures. In this study, we experimentally tested whether social network structure depends on the personalities of group members. Replicate groups of forked fungus beetles (<i>Bolitotherus cornutus</i>) were engineered to include only members previously assessed as either more social or less social. We found that individuals behaved consistently across social contexts, exhibiting repeatable numbers of interactions and numbers of partners. At the group level, networks composed of more social individuals had higher interaction rates, higher tie density, higher global clustering, and shorter average shortest paths than those composed of less social individuals. We highlight group composition of personalities as a source of variance in group traits and a potential mechanism by which networks could evolve.</span></p>
Population genomics of a forest fungus reveals high gene flow and climate adaptation signatures
Genome sequencing of spatially distributed individuals sheds light on how evolution structures genetic variation. Populations of <i>Phellopilus nigrolimitatus</i>, a red-listed wood-inhabiting fungus associated with old-growth coniferous forests, have decreased in size over the last century due to a loss of suitable habitats. We assessed the population genetic structure and investigated local adaptation in<i> P. nigrolimitatus</i>, by establishing a reference genome and genotyping 327 individuals sampled from 24 locations in Northern Europe by RAD sequencing. We revealed a shallow population genetic structure, indicating large historical population sizes and high levels of gene flow. Despite this weak sub-structuring, two genetic groups were recognized; a western group distributed mostly in Norway and an eastern group covering most of Finland, Poland and Russia. This sub-structuring may reflect co-immigration with the main host, Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i>), into Northern Europe after the last ice age. We found evidence of low levels of genetic diversity in southwestern Finland, which has a long history of intensive forestry and urbanization. Numerous loci were significantly associated with one or more environmental factors, indicating adaptation to specific environments. These loci clustered into two groups with different associations with temperature and precipitation. Overall, our findings indicate that the current population genetic structure of P. nigrolimitatus results from a combination of gene flow, genetic drift and selection. The acquisition of similar knowledge especially over broad geographic scales, linking signatures of adaptive genetic variation to evolutionary processes and environmental variation, for other fungal species will undoubtedly be useful for assessment of the combined effects of habitat fragmentation and climate change on fungi strongly bound to old-growth forests. --
Imprints of latitude, host taxon and decay stage on fungus-associated arthropod communities
<p>Interactions among fungi and insects involve hundreds of thousands of species. While insect communities on plants have formed some of the classic model systems in ecology, fungus-based communities and the forces structuring them remain poorly studied by comparison. We characterize the arthropod communities associated with fruiting bodies of eight mycorrhizal basidiomycete fungus species from three different orders along a 1200-km latitudinal gradient in northern Europe. We hypothesized that—matching the pattern seen for most insect taxa on plants—we would observe a general decrease of fungal-associated species with latitude. Against this backdrop, we expected local communities to be structured by host identity and phylogeny, with more closely related fungal species sharing more similar communities of associated organisms. As a more unique dimension added by the ephemeral nature of fungal fruiting bodies, we expected further imprints generated by successional change, with younger fruiting bodies harboring communities different from older ones. Using DNA metabarcoding to identify arthropod communities from fungal fruiting bodies, we find that latitude leaves a clear imprint on fungus-associated arthropod community composition, with host phylogeny and decay stage of fruiting bodies leaving lesser but still-detectable effects. The main latitudinal imprint is on a high arthropod species turnover, with no detectable pattern in overall species richness. Overall, these findings paint a new picture of the drivers of fungus-associated arthropod communities, suggesting that latitude will not affect <i>how many</i> arthropod species inhabits a fruiting body, but rather <i>what</i> species occur in it and <i>at w</i>hat relative abundances (as measured by sequence read counts). These patterns upset simplistic predictions regarding latitudinal gradients in species richness and in the strength of biotic interactions.</p>
Group and individual social network metrics are robust to changes in resource distribution in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Social interactions drive many important ecological and evolutionary processes. It is therefore essential to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that underlie social patterns. A central tenet of the field of behavioral ecology is the expectation that the distribution of resources shapes patterns of social interactions.</p> <p>We combined experimental manipulations with social network analyses to ask how patterns of resource distribution influence complex social interactions.</p> <p>We experimentally manipulated the distribution of an essential food and reproductive resource in semi-natural populations of forked fungus beetles (Bolitotherus cornutus). We aggregated resources into discrete clumps in half of the populations and evenly dispersed resources in the other half. We then observed social interactions between individually marked beetles. Half-way through the experiment, we reversed the resource distribution in each population, allowing us to control any demographic or behavioral differences between our experimental populations. At the end of the experiment, we compared individual and group social network characteristics between the two resource distribution treatments.</p> <p>We found a statistically significant but quantitatively small effect of resource distribution on individual social network position and detected no effect on group social network structure. Individual connectivity (individual strength) and individual cliquishness (local clustering coefficient) increased in environments with clumped resources, but this difference explained very little of the variance in individual social network position. Individual centrality (individual betweenness) and measures of overall social structure (network density, average shortest path length, and global clustering coefficient) did not differ between environments with dramatically different distributions of resources.</p> <p>Our results illustrate that the resource environment, despite being fundamental to our understanding of social systems, does not always play a central role in shaping social interactions. Instead, our results suggests that sex differences and temporally fluctuating environmental conditions may be more important in determining patterns of social interactions.</p>
Multilevel selection on social network traits differs between sexes in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles
<p>Both individual and group behavior can influence individual fitness, but multilevel selection is rarely quantified on social behaviors. Social networks provide a unique opportunity to study multilevel selection on social behaviors, as they describe complex social traits and patterns of interaction at both the individual and group levels. In this study, we used contextual analysis to measure the consequences of both individual network position and group network structure on individual fitness in experimental populations of forked fungus beetles (<em>Bolitotherus</em> <em>cornutus</em>) with two different resource distributions. We found that males with high individual connectivity (strength) and centrality (betweenness) had higher mating success. However, group network structure did not influence their mating success. Conversely, we found that individual network position had no effect on female reproductive success but that females in populations with many social interactions experienced lower reproductive success. The strength of individual-level selection in males and group-level selection in females intensified when resources were clumped together, showing that habitat structure influences multilevel selection. Individual and emergent group social behavior both influence variation in components of individual fitness but impact male mating success and female reproductive success differently, setting up intersexual conflicts over patterns of social interactions at multiple levels. </p>
Fig. 1 in Neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Fig. 1 Dacls survcval curves of Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to dcfferent concentratcons of neem ocl. Note: Results are the means (± SE) of three expercments for each treatment wcth 30 cnsects used per treatment for each expercment
Fig. 2 in Neem oil increases the efficiency of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae for the control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae
Fig. 2 Dacls survcval curves of Aedes aegypti larvae exposed to dcfferent concentratcons of Metarhizium anisopliae concdca. Note: Results are the means (± SE) of three expercments for each treatment wcth 30 cnsects used per treatment for each expercment
Figure 4 in A new genus of fungus weevils (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) in Rovno amber
Figure 4. Eduardoxenus unicus gen. et sp. nov.: (a) contour of body, lateral view; (b) contour of first half of body. Bar = 0.2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.