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53 results for “Furnariidae”
Data from: Ecological opportunity and diversification in a continental radiation of birds: climbing adaptations and cladogenesis in the Furnariidae
Ecological theories of adaptive radiation predict that ecological opportunity stimulates cladogenesis through its effects on competitive release and niche expansion. Given that key innovations may confer ecological opportunity, we investigate the effect of the acquisition of climbing adaptations on rates of cladogenesis in a major avian radiation, the Neotropical bird family Furnariidae, using a species-level phylogeny. Morphological specializations for vertical climbing originated in the woodcreepers ca. 23 Mya, well before that adaptation occurred in woodpeckers (Picidae) or in other potential competitors in South America. This suggests that the acquisition of climbing adaptations conferred ample ecological opportunity to early woodcreepers. Nonetheless, we found that increases in speciation rates in Furnariidae did not coincide with the acquisition of climbing adaptations, and that the relationship between the accumulation of climbing adaptations and rates of speciation was negative. In addition, we did not detect a diversity-dependent decline in woodcreeper diversification rates consistent with saturation of the trunk-climbing niche. These findings do not support the hypothesis that ecological opportunity related to trunk-foraging stimulated cladogenesis in this radiation. The negative effect of climbing on diversification may be mediated by an indirect positive effect of climbing on dispersal ability, which may reduce speciation rates over evolutionary time scales.
Data from: Evolution of Dendrocolaptes platyrostris (Aves: Furnariidae) between the South American open vegetation corridor and the Atlantic forest
The open vegetation corridor of South America is a region dominated by savanna biomes. It contains forests, i.e. riverine forests, that may act as corridors for rainforest specialist between the open vegetation corridor and its neighboring biomes, the Amazonian and Atlantic forests. A prediction for this scenario is that populations of rainforest specialists in the open vegetation corridor and in the forested biomes show no significant genetic divergence. We addressed this hypothesis by studying plumage and genetic variation of the Planalto woodcreeper Dendrocolaptes platyrostris Spix (1824) (Aves: Furnariidae), a forest specialist that occurs in both the open habitat and in the Atlantic forest. Our questions are: (1) is there any evidence of genetic continuity between populations of the open habitat and the Atlantic forest? and (2) is plumage variation congruent with patterns of neutral genetic structure or with ecological factors related to habitat type? We used cytochrome b and mtDNA control region sequences to show that D. platyrostris is monophyletic and that presents substantial intraspecific differentiation. We found two areas of plumage stability: one associated to Cerrado and the other associated to southern Atlantic Forest. Multiple Mantel tests showed that most of the plumage variation followed transition of habitats but not phylogeographic gaps, suggesting that selection may be related to the evolution of the species plumage. Results were not compatible with the idea that forest specialist in the open vegetation corridor and in the Atlantic forest are linked at the population level because birds from each region were not part of the same genetic unit. Divergence in the presence of gene flow across the ecotone between both regions might explain our results. Also, our findings indicate that the southern Atlantic forest may have been significantly affected by Pleistocene climatic alteration, but that those events did not cause local extinction of most taxa, as occurred in other regions of the globe where forests were significantly affected by global glaciations. Finally, our results neither supported subspecies nor regions of stability of plumage as species.
FIGURE 9 in Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 9. Relationships between functional guilds of insects found in the nests of Anumbius annumbi from Argentina (also valid in general for stick nests of Furnariidae).
FIGURE 8 in Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 8. Geographic distribution of Chinavia musiva: red squares, provinces from where it was mentioned but the locality was not stated; red circles, localities mentioned in the literature and those of examined specimens; yellow circles, localities where it was found inside birds´nests. Biogeographical provinces from Argentina modified from Brown & Pacheco (2006).
FIGURES 4–7 in Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURES 4–7. Beds found inside the nests of A. annumbi: 4, original bed of A. annumbi; 5–6, beds of S. phryganophila (inquiline bird), mainly build with spiders´cocoons (5, nest # 16, 3-XII-05; 6, nest # 18, 6-II-06, with a chick probably dead by Philornis larvae); 7, bed from La Pampa, 30-XI-2007, probably of Pitangus sulphuratus (7a, lateral view; 7b, seen from above). See measurements in section IV.
FIGURES 2–3 in Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURES 2–3. Nests of Anumbius annumbi from Buenos Aires (Campo de Mayo): 2, a single nest on Gleditsia triacanthos during winter; 3, two superimposed nests on Celtis tala at the beginning of spring.
FIGURE 1 in Insects found in birds' nests from Argentina: Anumbius annumbi (Vieillot, 1817) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Anumbius annumbi in South America (modified from InfoNature 2005). Localities where the insect fauna in the nests was sampled are indicated by red dots, from north to south: Arroyo Leyes (Santa Fe); Sauce Viejo (Santa Fe); Route 14 (km 101) and way to Colonia Los Ceibos (Entre Ríos); Campo de Mayo (Buenos Aires); Santa Rosa (La Pampa). Localities where other insects has been previously mentioned in literature (summarized by Turienzo & Di Iorio 2007) are indicated by yellow dots.
FIGURE 1. A in Geocerthia, a new genus of terrestrial ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. A maximum-likelihood phylogeny highlighting the lack of a sister relationship between Upucerthia serrana and other species of Upucerthia sensu stricto. Numbers above the branches indicate bootstrap support based on 150 maximum-likelihood replicates.
FIGURE 4 in Taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation of the Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla dimidiata (Pelzeln, 1859) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 4. Range of Syndactyla dimidiata based on personally examined specimens (white squares), digital photographs of specimens (white circles) and published sight records (black circles). See Appendix 1. Black arrows indicate the type localities of Anabates dimidiatus Pelzeln, 1859, Philydor baeri Hellmayr, 1911, and Xenoctistes mirandae Snethlage, 1928. Grey shading indicates the limits of Cerrado vegetation (see Lopes 2008). See Fig. 2 for abbreviations of Brazilian states.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation of the Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla dimidiata (Pelzeln, 1859) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 3. Scatterplots of the first versus the second principal component scores of a Principal Component Analysis of the morphometric variables measured from male specimens of Syndactyla dimidiata (see Table 2). Given the small sample size, we did not perform a PCA analysis for females. Factor loadings are presented as a table in the upper left corner of the figure. The first principal component (PC1) accounted for 49.7% of the variation, and the second principal component (PC2) explained 24.9%.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation of the Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla dimidiata (Pelzeln, 1859) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. Extremes of chromatic variation in Syndactyla dimidiata. Above: male (DZUFMG 5859) collected at the type locality of Philydor baeri, state of Minas Gerais. Note its predominantly dull ochraceous tones. Below: female (DZUFMG 6165) collected in the Distrito Federal. Note its predominantly ochraceous rufous tones.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy, distribution, natural history and conservation of the Russet-mantled Foliage-gleaner Syndactyla dimidiata (Pelzeln, 1859) (Aves: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 2. Geographical distribution of chromatic variation in Syndactyla dimidiata. Numbers indicate the coloration of the specimens examined, being: 1—birds with predominantly dull ochraceous tones, such as the type of P. bae ri; 2—birds intermediate between the types of P. baeri and of A. dimidiatus; 3—rufescent-brown birds such as the type of A. dimidiatus and 4—birds with predominantly ochraceous rufous tones. Note that the chromatic variation observed in this species is continuous, and that the division presented here is somewhat arbitrary. Only definitive-plumaged specimens that were personally examined were included. Brazilian states are indicated as follows: TO—Tocantins, BA—Bahia, GO—Goiás, MT—Mato Grosso, MS— Mato Grosso do Sul, MG—Minas Gerais, SP—São Paulo, PR—Paraná.
FIGURE 1. A in Pseudasthenes, a new genus of ovenbird (Aves: Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
FIGURE 1. A simplified majority-rule Bayesian consensus tree of the Furnariidae (see text) that highlights the lack of a sister relationship between Pseudasthenes and Asthenes as well as the paraphyly of Asthenes, Schizoeaca, and Oreophylax. Asterisks represent nodes with a posterior probability of 1.0.
Figure 6 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 6. Specimens of the Synallaxis omissa showing the absence of correlation between plumage variation and geography, from left to right, lateral and ventral views: MPEG 38616, collected at Alto Turiaçu, Maranhão, Brazil, on 2 October 1986, with rufous present on the breast, abdomen and back; MPEG 36916, from Carutapera, river Curupi, Maranhão, Brazil, collected on 5 November 1984, with rufous present on the breast, abdomen and back; MPEG 38618, collected at Alto Turiaçu, Maranhão, Brazil, on 2 October 1986, the same day of MPEG 38616, without any trace of rufous.
Figure 4 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 4. Plumage distribution and geographic variation in the Synallaxis rutilans group. Dark grey circles, specimens with grey-patterned plumage; pale grey circles, specimens with olive-patterned plumage; black circles, specimens with rufous-patterned plumage. Concerning intermediate individuals, any specimen with rufous present on the upperparts was classified in the 'specimens with rufous-patterned plumage' group. *Illustrations of birds with the typical plumage of: S. caquetensis (on the left); S. dissors (centre above); S. omissa (right). Area of endemism (AE) and distribution of species of the Synallaxis rutilans group: purple, Guiana EA, S. dissors; red, Napo EA, S. caquetensis; orange, Xingu EA, S. rutilans; yellow, Belém EA, S. omissa; and green, Inambari EA, blue, Rondônia EA and turquoise, Tapajós EA, S. amazonica. *Illustrations from del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J, Christie DA, de Juana E, eds. 2017. Handbook of the birds of the world alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions (retrieved on 10.11.2017 from http://www.hbw.com).
Figure 1 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 1. Map showing the distribution of sequenced individuals, phylogenetic time tree and plumage analyses for the Synallaxis rutilans group. The areas of endemism recognized by Silva et al. (2005) are highlighted on the map, and distribution points are numbered in accordance with individuals in the tree. The phylogenetic time tree is based on 1539 bp of concatenated ND2 and COI genes. Posterior probability values and the 95% HPD are indicated at each node. Thr, throat; Rec, rectrices; For, forehead; Sup, supercilium; Fac, face; Win, wing-coverts; Rem, remiges; 1st, first colour (main colour); 2nd, second colour (variation ±); 36 (e.g.), colours in Smithe's catalogue; *, specimen damaged or immature; **, specimen analysed without Smithe's catalogue; MPEG A, spirit collection specimen; dark grey circles in map and patches in table, specimens with grey plumage pattern; light grey circles and patches, specimens with olive plumage pattern; black circles and patches, specimens with rufous plumage pattern; purple star, type locality of S. r. dissors; red star, type locality of S. r. caquetensis; red star with white spot, type locality of S. r. confinis; blue star, type locality of S. r. amazonica; blue star with a white spot, type locality of S. r. tertia; orange star, type locality of S. r. rutilans; yellow star, type locality of S. r. omissa.
Figure 5 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 5. Specimens of the Synallaxis rutilans group showing the grey (left-hand bird in each image) and olive patterns in juvenile plumage, from left to right, ventral, lateral and dorsal views: MZUSP 44653, Capim, Pará, Brazil; and MZUSP 93965, Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil.
Figure 2 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 2. Scatterplots illustrating the results of the PCA for the morphometric data pertaining to populations of the Synallaxis rutilans group as clades resulting from the cladistic analysis performed using mtDNA.
Figure 3 in Taxonomic challenges posed by discordant evolutionary scenarios supported by molecular and morphological data in the Amazonian Synallaxis rutilans group (Aves: Furnariidae)
Figure 3. Specimens of the Synallaxis rutilans group illustrating the patterns grey, olive, and rufous in plumage from left to right: ventral, lateral and dorsal views: MPEG 38618, Alto Turiaçu, Maranhão, Brazil; MPEG 59487, Barcelos, Amazonas, Brazil; and MPEG 56645, Juruti, Pará, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Breeding biology of Long-tailed Cinclodes Cinclodes pabsti Sick, 1969 (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Figure 1. Location of the study area in the region of Campos de Cima da Serra, southern Brazil.
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