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Figure 4 from: Rousse P, Broad G, van Noort S (2016) Review of the genus Genaemirum Heinrich (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) with interactive identification keys to species. ZooKeys 635: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10216
Figure 4 - Genaemirum fumosum sp. n. Holotype female. A habitus lateral view (inset: data labels) B head, mesosoma, dorsal view C head anterior view D head, mesosoma anterior-lateral view E metasomal tergites 1-4 dorsal view F propodeum, dorsal view.
Figure 5 from: Rousse P, Broad G, van Noort S (2016) Review of the genus Genaemirum Heinrich (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) with interactive identification keys to species. ZooKeys 635: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10216
Figure 5 - Genaemirum doryalidis Heinrich. Holotype female. A habitus lateral view (inset: data labels) B head, mesosoma, dorsal view C head anterior view D head, mesosoma anterior-lateral view E metasomal tergites 1-4 dorsal view F propodeum, dorsal view.
Figure 2 from: Rousse P, Broad G, van Noort S (2016) Review of the genus Genaemirum Heinrich (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) with interactive identification keys to species. ZooKeys 635: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10216
Figure 2 - Genaemirum phagocossorum sp. n. Paratype male. A habitus lateral view (inset: data labels) B head, mesosoma, dorsal view C head anterior view D head, mesosoma anterior-lateral view E metasomal tergites 1-4 dorsal view F propodeum, dorsal view.
Figure 1 from: Rousse P, Broad G, van Noort S (2016) Review of the genus Genaemirum Heinrich (Ichneumonidae, Ichneumoninae) with interactive identification keys to species. ZooKeys 635: 77-105. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.636.10216
Figure 1 - Genaemirum phagocossorum sp. n. Holotype female. A habitus lateral view (inset: data labels) B head, mesosoma, dorsal view C head anterior view D head, mesosoma anterior-lateral view E metasomal tergites 1-4 dorsal view F propodeum, dorsal view.
Figs. 1 A-G in Copper and zinc interactions: morphophysiological responses in sweet potato plants (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Figs. 1 A-G. Effects treatments with Cu and Zn concentrations on morphological parameters of sweet potato plants (Ipomoea batatas L.). A. Shoot length (cm); B. Leaf number; C. Leaf area (cm2 plant-1); D. Shoot-fresh weight (mg); E. Shoot-dry weight (mg); F. Root-fresh weight (mg); G. Root-dry weight (mg). Means followed by the same letter among treatments do not differ significantly according to Tukey's test (p<0.05).
Supplementary material 1 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Detailed design of the Field Experiment
Supplementary material 2 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Brief description of the Field Experiment
Figure 1 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 1 A. Conceptual diagram of the mechanistic approach of the planned Research Unit. B. Conceptual scheme of the proposed evolutionary niche shifts in plant monocultures and mixtures. This idea feeds into our understanding of how evolutionary history influences the ecological interactions of species that compete for growth factors, ultimately defining biotope space (gray rectangle; Hutchinson 1978). Graphically depicted, species (ellipses) in mixture will show increasing niche differentiation over time due to competition (niche overlap). Thus, history of selection in diverse communities is expected to result in greater interspecific differences (less overlap of ellipses) and more specialization (smaller ellipses) than a history of isolation (monocultures). In monocultures, species will experience strong selection pressure by accumulating soil-borne pathogens, and species may invest energy in chemical and morphological defense traits (depicted by ellipses shifting towards the same corner of the habitat space). Plants in mixtures together may exploit more available biotope space than single monocultures, causing increasing diversity effects on ecosystem functions over time. However, there is limited support for this assumption for traits related to light (e.g., Lipowsky et al. 2015, Roscher et al. 2015) and resource use (Jesch et al. 2018) so far.
Figure 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 4 Experimental design and hypotheses of the Ecotron Experiment. Briefly, four treatments will be established based on monoliths from a selection of the 9-year old Trait-Based Experiment (TBE; Ebeling et al. 2014) and from bare ground plots of the Jena Experiment as well as two seed sources: the respective plots and the original seed material that was used for the set-up of the TBE. (1) With plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (2) without plot-specific plant history and with plot-specific soil history; (3) with plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history; and (4) without plot-specific plant history and without plot-specific soil history. We expect the biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships to differ among the four treatments (see main text for details).
Figure 3 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 3 Hypothesized slope of BEF relationships in the different treatments of the Field Experiment (see main text for details). Note that the 'with plant history, with soil history' only serves as a control in the Field Experiment, and effects of plant history can only be tested in the planned Ecotron Experiment. Redrawn after Vogel et al. (2019). '+', with; '-', without.
Supplementary material 4 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Detailed design of the Ecotron Experiment
Supplementary material 5 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Brief description of the Ecotron Experiment
Figure 2 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Figure 2 Structure of the proposed Research Unit. Three complementary experimental approaches are envisaged to study long-term biodiversity-ecosystem function (BEF) relationships, and how these are influenced by plant history and soil history. BEF patterns are studied in the Field Experiment with long-term plant diversity plots and manipulations of soil-history effects. BEF mechanisms are studied in the Ecotron Experiment and in Microcosm Experiments. In the Ecotron Experiment, plant history and soil history are independently crossed and detailed process measurements are possible. The Microcosm Experiments zoom in on focal interactions. In the Field Experiment and in the Ecotron Experiment, studies are conducted at the community level as well as at the plant individual level (magnifier; see detailed design of studies in the Appendices). Subprojects' (SPs') participation in experiments are illustrated with lines. The SPs of the proposed Research Unit fall into two tightly linked main categories (in gray) with two research areas each that aim at exploring variation in community assembly processes, micro-evolutionary changes, and resulting differences in biotic interactions as determinants of the long-term BEF relationship. Subprojects under "Microbial community assembly" (blue) and "Assembly and functions of animal communities" (red) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on the assembly of communities and their feedback effects on biotic interactions and ecosystem functions, while subprojects under "Mediators of plant-biotic interactions" (orange) and "Intraspecific diversity and micro-evolutionary changes" (green) mostly focus on plant diversity effects on plant trait expression and micro-evolution. PIs with requested personnel are underlined.
Supplementary material 3 from: Eisenhauer N, Bonkowski M, Brose U, Buscot F, Durka W, Ebeling A, Fischer M, Gleixner G, Heintz-Buschart A, Hines J, Jesch A, Lange M, Meyer S, Roscher C, Scheu S, Schielzeth H, Schloter M, Schulz S, Unsicker S, van Dam NM, Weigelt A, Weisser WW, Wirth C, Wolf J, Schmid B (2019) Biotic interactions, community assembly, and eco-evolutionary dynamics as drivers of long-term biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Research Ideas and Outcomes 5: e47042. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.5.e47042
Plant species lists of the Field Experiment and the Ecotron Experiment
Figure 3 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 3 - Distribution of Piper kelleyi. A Distribution of known localities based on collections (open diamonds) and study plots used to gather natural history data (blue circles) B Predicted distribution based on analysis of habitat parameters using the maximum entropy method. Areas in red are the most likely to have suitable habitat for Piper kelleyi (probability = 0.75–0.87), and areas in blue (0.02–0.08) or unlabeled (< 0.02) are the least likely.
Figure 4 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 4 - A Leaf of Piper kelleyi with characteristic herbivory marks or "windows" made by the specialist herbivore Eois species of Eois that specialize on Piper kelleyi include B Eois viridiflava (Dognin) C Eois aff. viridiflava (Dognin) D Eois ignefumata (Dognin) E Eois planetaria (Dognin) F Eois aff. pallidicosta (Warren) G Eois encina (Dognin) H Eois aff. encina (Dognin).
Figure 2 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 2 - Piper kelleyi. A Habit B Close-up of leaves showing characteristic red color of younger leaves [Tepe et al. 2381] C Close-up of inflorescence [Tepe et al. 2615] D Close-up of infructescence [Tepe et al. 1597].
Figure 1 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 1 - Piper kelleyi Tepe. A leaf and inflorescence B Stamen C fruit in lateral view D Fruit in apical view E Bracts in apical view. [A and E (lower) drawn from Tepe et al. 1597; B–E (upper) drawn from Tepe et al. 2615]
Figure 2 from: Hilken G, Edgecombe GD, Müller CHG, Sombke A, Wirkner CS, Rosenberg J (2015) Interaction of the tracheal tubules of Scutigera coleoptrata (Chilopoda, Notostigmophora) with glandular structures of the pericardial septum. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 233-242. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8644
Figure 2 - Pericardial glands and mucoid substances. A Longitudinal section of a connection of the tip of a tracheal tubule and a canal cell of a glandular unit B Cross section of a connection between a tracheal tubule and a canal cell of a glandular unit C Tracheal tubule in the vicinity of a glandular unit. The tracheal tubule is filled with mucoid substances D Cross section of the ending of a tracheal tubule surrounded by the epithelium of a glandular unit. The tracheal lumen is filled with different mucoid substances E Longitudinal section of a tracheal tubule near the pericardial septum filled with electron-dense and electron-lucent mucoid substances F Part of a longitudinal section of a tracheal tubule. The specialized cuticle is covered by mucoid substances G Oblique section of a tracheal tubule. The tracheal cuticle is covered by a distinct mucoid substance. bl basal lamina; c cuticle; cc canal cell; cd cuticular duct of the canal cell; ed electron-dense fraction of mucous; el electron-lucent fraction of mucus; ic intermediary cell; m mucoid substance; sc secretory cell, sr secretory reservoir; te tracheal epithelium; tt tracheal tubules; arrows, presumed interdigitations between tracheae and glandular compartment.
Figure 1 from: Hilken G, Edgecombe GD, Müller CHG, Sombke A, Wirkner CS, Rosenberg J (2015) Interaction of the tracheal tubules of Scutigera coleoptrata (Chilopoda, Notostigmophora) with glandular structures of the pericardial septum. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 233-242. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8644
Figure 1 - Tracheal system and pericardial septum of Scutigera coleoptrata. A Spiracle (stomata) situated dorsomedially on long tergite 4 (SEM) B Tracheal system with its atrium and hundreds of tracheal tubules (SEM) C Cross-section of tracheal system with its tracheal tubules within the pericardial sinus. The sinus is surrounded by the specialized part of the pericardial septum (LM) D Inset showing details of the tergal cuticle with epidermis and the pericardial septum. The tracheal tubules extend into the epithelium of the pericardial septum (LM) E Overview of the epithelium of the pericardial septum with endings of two tracheal tubules and nuclei of glandular units (TEM) F Detail of a glandular unit within the pericardial septum consisting of a secretory cell, an intermediary cell, and a canal cell. In the secretory cell, parts of the microvilli of the secretory reservoir are visible, as are parts of the canaliculi system in the intermediary cell. a atrium, bc body cavity; bl basal lamina, c, cuticle, ca canaliculi system, cc canal cell, ic intermediary cell, e epidermis, gu glandular unit, h dorsal heart, mu body muscle; n nuclei of glandular unit cells, pc pericardial cavity; ps pericardial septum, s spiracle, sc secretory cell, sr reservoir of the secretory cell, te tergite, tt tracheal tubules
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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