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118 results for “Galapagos Islands”
Figs. 1–2 in New Genera and Species of Weevils from the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador, and Cocos Island, Costa Rica (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Entiminae; Entimini)
Figs. 1–2. Galapagonotus cuneiformis (Waterhouse), female. 1, Lateral habitus; 2, dorsal habitus.
Figure 2 in Some Ceratozetoidea species (Acari: Oribatida: Ceratozetidae, Humerobatidae) from the Galapagos Islands
Figure 2 Ceratozetes yupanquin. sp., adult: ventral aspect (legs not shown). Scale bar 100 µm.
Microsatellite genotypes for temporal monitoring of the Floreana Island Galapagos Giant Tortoise captive breeding program
<p><span>Captive breeding programs benefit from genetic analyses that identify relatedness between individuals, assign parentage to offspring, and track levels of genetic diversity. Monitoring these parameters across breeding cycles is critical to the success of a captive breeding program as it allows conservation managers to iteratively evaluate and adjust program structure. However, in practice, genetic tracking of breeding outcomes is rarely conducted. Here, we examined the first three offspring cohorts (2017 – 2020) of the genetically-informed captive breeding program for the Floreana Island Galapagos giant tortoise, </span><em><span>Chelonoidis niger</span></em><span>. This captive breeding program is unique as the Floreana tortoise has been extinct since the 1800s, but its genome </span><span>persists, in part, in the form of living hybrids with the extant Volcano Wolf tortoise, <em>Chelonoidis becki</em>. Breeding over the study period took place at the Galapagos National Park Directorate breeding facility in four corrals, each containing three females and two males. Using 17 microsatellite markers, we were able to assign parentage to 94 of the 98 offspring produced over the study period. </span><span>We observe that despite the addition of more founders since the pilot breeding program, the effective population size remains low, and changes to the arrangements of breeding corrals may be necessary to encourage more equal reproductive output from the males. </span><span>This study demonstrates the value of hybrids for species restoration and the importance of continually reassessing the outcomes of captive breeding. </span></p>
Microsatellite genotypes for temporal monitoring of the Floreana Island Galapagos Giant Tortoise captive breeding program
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Data from: Genetic pedigree analysis of the pilot breeding program for the rediscovered Galapagos giant tortoise from Floreana island
An aim of many captive breeding programs is to increase population sizes for reintroduction and establishment of self-sustaining wild populations. Genetic analyses play a critical role in these programs: monitoring genetic variation, identifying the origin of individuals, and assigning parentage to track family sizes. Here we use genetic pedigree analyses to examine three seasons of a pilot breeding program for the Floreana island Galapagos giant tortoise, C. niger, that had been declared extinct for ~150 years until individuals with mixed ancestry were recently discovered. We determined that eight of nine founding individuals were assigned parentage to at least one of 130 offspring produced, though there was considerable reproductive skew. In addition, we observed that genetic diversity of the progeny was lower than that of the founders. Despite the observed reproductive skew, we did not see evidence for assortative mating based on relatedness, but there was a trend towards reduced fitness when more related individuals bred. Finally, we found that the majority of progeny had ancestry assigned to the Floreana species (mean±SE = 0.51±0.02), though individual estimates varied. The success of these pilot seasons bodes well for a larger breeding program to help restore the previously extinct tortoise from Floreana island. Future efforts should continue to monitor for reproductive skew and assortative mating in order to maintain allelic diversity. We would also recommend forming smaller breeding groups and rotating individuals among them to prevent long-term reproductive skew among pairs.
FIGURES 1–4. 1, 2 in The Acentropinae and Musotiminae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
FIGURES 1–4. 1, 2: Parapoynx fluctuosalis (Zeller). 1, Female from Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos (FW = 9.0 mm, CNC); 2, Male from Papua New Guinea (FW = 8.0 mm, D. Agassiz Collection). 3, 4: Undulambia lindbladi Landry. 3, Holotype male; 4, Paratype female from Isabela (MHNG).
FIGURES 10–11. Undulambia lindbladi Landry. 10 in The Acentropinae and Musotiminae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
FIGURES 10–11. Undulambia lindbladi Landry. 10, Male genitalia in lateral view, without phallus, saccus partially deformed dorsally (slide MHNG 3036); 11, Female genitalia in lateral view (bursa broken proximally, from slide BMNH 21169).
FIGURES 6–9. Undulambia lindbladi Landry. 6 in The Acentropinae and Musotiminae (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador
FIGURES 6–9. Undulambia lindbladi Landry. 6, Male genitalia in ventral view, without phallus (slide BL 1183, CNC); 7, Phallus in laterodorsal view (slide BL 1183); 8, Phallus in side view (slide MHNG 3129); 9, Female genitalia, ventral view (slide MHNG 3039).
Fig 5 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 5. Frequency distribution of genetic distances between different Galapagos giant tortoise species (A: microsatellite DNA, B: mitochondrial DNA). For each histogram, a dark gray column indicates where the observed genetic distance between the Cerro Fatal and Reserva tortoises falls. Left: Microsatellite genetic distances calculated from purebred individuals in the reference measured using FST (top) or RST (below). Right: DNA sequence genetic distances based on mtDNA haplotypes from purebred individuals in the reference database, measured using uncorrected p-distances (top), or maximum likelihood (ML)-corrected distances (below).
Fig 2 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 2. (A) Bayesian Inference (BI) tree reconstructed from the dataset including all unique mtDNA control region haplotypes previously sampled from extant and extinct species as well as the three museum specimens of giant Galapagos tortoises analyzed in this study. Numbers on branches indicate posterior probabilities. Only the nodal support values for the major lineages are presented. Red and green colors identify museum samples analyzed in the present and previous studies, respectively. (B) Haplotype network showing matrilineal diversity recovered from 70 sequences of C. porteri from Reserva, 51 sequences of the lineage from Cerro Fatal, and 2 sequences of C. chathamensis from San Cristóbal Island. Twenty-five inferred mutations separate the haplogroups of Chelonoidis sp. nov. from Cerro Fatal from the ones from C. porteri from Reserva.
Fig 1 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 1. Geographic distribution of the two known lineages of giant tortoises on Santa Cruz Island: Chelonoidis porteri (Reserva) and Chelonoidis sp. nov. (Cerro Fatal) (indicated in dark gray). Light gray area connecting the distribution areas of the two species indicates agricultural land. Modified from Russello et al. [11].
Fig 6. A-E in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 6. A-E. The skull of the museum specimen UWZS 32700, holotype for Chelonoidis sp. nov. from Cerro Fatal in Santa Cruz (A: dorsal, B: ventral, C: occipital, D: frontal and E: lateral view).
Fig 4 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 4. Genetic membership from Bayesian assignment tests in STRUCTURE for the three museum individuals, relative to the genotypic database representing the Cerro Fatal (black) and Reserva (white) giant tortoise populations. Each bar represents an individual and the proportional color of each bar represents the percentage membership (i.e., Q-value) in each of the reference clusters. Museum individuals include the C. porteri holotype (#) and the two Cerro Fatal specimens tested as putative candidates for the Chelonoidis sp. nov. holotype (*).
Fig 3 in Description of a New Galapagos Giant Tortoise Species (Chelonoidis; Testudines: Testudinidae) from Cerro Fatal on Santa Cruz Island
Fig 3. Polymorphic sites between Chelonoidis sp. nov. (Cerro Fatal—Santa Cruz), C. chathamensis (San Cristóbal), and C. porteri (Reserva— Santa Cruz). The position of diagnostic locations is relative to the Genbank record AY956622 for porCF1 from Cerro Fatal. - = gap position and K = G/T polymorphism.
Distribution. Galapagos Is in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, including all main islands and numerous smaller rocks; irregularly on Isla de la Plata off mainland Ecuador. in Otariidae
Distribution. Galapagos Is in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, including all main islands and numerous smaller rocks; irregularly on Isla de la Plata off mainland Ecuador.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the family Azotidae from Ecuador, with a description of a new species of Ablerus Howard (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Azotidae) from the Galapagos Islands
FIGURE 1. Ablerus byroni holotype (♀): A. Lateral habitus, B. Dorsal habitus, C. Anterior habitus. Ethanol.
FIGURE 3 in First record of the family Azotidae from Ecuador, with a description of a new species of Ablerus Howard (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Azotidae) from the Galapagos Islands
FIGURE 3. Map of the Galapagos Islands depicting collection localities of Ablerus byroni and Ablerus sp.
FIGURE 2 in First record of the family Azotidae from Ecuador, with a description of a new species of Ablerus Howard (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Azotidae) from the Galapagos Islands
FIGURE 2. Ablerus byroni holotype (♀): A. Head, B. Antenna. F3—third flagellar segment, clv—clava, C. Fore wing. asr—asetose region, mv—marginal vein, pst—parastigma, smv—submarginal vein, stv—stigmal vein, D. Fore leg. tb1—fore tibia, E. Dorsal habitus, inset–ovipositor. ax—axilla, llm—lateral lobe of mesoscutum, mlm—mid lobe of mesoscutum, mss— mesoscutellum, no3—metanotum, ppd—propodeum, ps—placoid sensillum, syn—syntergum. Slide mounted.
FIGURE 17. A, Eumunida subsolanus n in Chirostyloidean squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the Galapagos Islands
FIGURE 17. A, Eumunida subsolanus n. sp., holotype, female (CL 6.0 mm), CDF NA064-018-01-03-A. B, Heteroptychus nautilus n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (CL 5.2 mm), CDF NA064-009-01-01-A. C, Uroptychus bellus Faxon, 1893, male (CL 4.5 mm), with Antipatharia, CDF NA064-130-01-01-A. D, Uroptychus occidentalis Faxon, 1893, two specimens on Chrysogorgia sp., CDF NA064-013-01-01-A. E, same, right ovigerous female (CL 11.4 mm), left specimen not available for study, CDF NA064-013-01-01-A.
FIGURE 16. Uroptychus occidentalis Faxon, 1893. A–F in Chirostyloidean squat lobsters (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura) from the Galapagos Islands
FIGURE 16. Uroptychus occidentalis Faxon, 1893. A–F, lectotype, male (CL 7.8 mm), MCZ IZ 150981; G–L, paralectotype, ovigerous female (CL 10.3 mm), MCZ IZ CRU-4565. A, left P2, lateral. B, same, distal part, setae omitted. C, left P3, setae omitted, lateral. D, same, distal part. E, left P4, lateral. F, same, distal part. G, right P2, lateral. H, same, distal part. I, right P3, setae omitted, lateral. J, same, distal part. K, right P4, lateral. L, same, distal part. Scales = 1 mm.
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