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37 results for “Genetic load”
Host Genetic Factors Influencing HIV1 and HCV Viral Loads and AIDS Clinical Progression in a Hemophilia Cohort (HGDS-3)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00340548. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Data from: Demographic expansion and genetic load of the halophyte model plant Eutrema salsugineum
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Data from: The power of evolutionary rescue is constrained by genetic load
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Data from: Shift in ecological strategy helps marginal populations of shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) to overcome a high genetic load
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Evolutionary rate and genetic load in an emblematic Mediterranean tree following an ancient and prolonged population collapse
Severe bottlenecks significantly diminish the amount of genetic diversity and the speed at which it accumulates (i.e. evolutionary rate). They further compromise the efficiency of natural selection to eliminate deleterious variants, which may reach fixation in the surviving populations. Consequently, expanding and adapting to new environments may pose a significant challenge when strong bottlenecks result in genetic pauperization. Herein, we surveyed the patterns of nucleotide diversity, molecular adaptation and genetic load across hundreds of loci in a circum-Mediterranean conifer (<i>Pinus pinea</i> L.) that represents one of the most extreme cases of genetic pauperization in widespread outbreeding taxa. We found very little genetic variation in both hypervariable non-coding (nuSSRs) and gene-coding loci, which translated into genetic diversity estimates one order of magnitude lower than those previously reported for pines. Such values were consistent with a strong population decline that began some ~1Ma. Comparisons with the related and partially parapatric maritime pine revealed reduced rates of adaptive evolution (<i>α</i> and <i>ω</i><sub>a</sub>) and a significant accumulation of genetic load. These did not appear to result from differences in mutation rates or linkage disequilibrium between the two species; instead they are the likely outcome of contrasting demographic histories affecting both the speed at which these taxa accumulate genetic diversity, and the global efficacy of selection. Future studies, and programs for conservation and management, should thus start testing for the effects of genetic load on fitness and integrating such effects into predictive models.
Data from: Genetic load, inbreeding depression and hybrid vigor covary with population size: an empirical evaluation of theoretical predictions
Reduced population size is thought to have strong consequences for evolutionary processes as it enhances the strength of genetic drift. In its interaction with selection, this is predicted to increase the genetic load, reduce inbreeding depression, and increase hybrid vigour, and in turn affect phenotypic evolution. Several of these predictions have been tested, but comprehensive studies controlling for confounding factors are scarce. Here we show that populations of Daphnia magna, which vary strongly in genetic diversity, also differ in genetic load, inbreeding depression, and hybrid vigor in a way that strongly supports theoretical predictions: Inbreeding depression is positively correlated with genetic diversity (a proxy for Ne), and genetic load and hybrid vigour are negatively correlated with genetic diversity. These patterns remain significant after accounting for potential confounding factors and indicate that, in small populations, a large proportion of the segregation load is converted into fixed load. Overall, the results suggest that the nature of genetic variation for fitness-related traits differs strongly between large and small populations. This has large consequences for evolutionary processes in natural populations, such as selection on dispersal, breeding systems, ageing, and local adaptation.
Data from: Mutation rate dynamics in a bacterial population reflect tension between adaptation and genetic load
Mutations are the ultimate source of heritable variation for evolution. Understanding how mutation rates themselves evolve is thus essential for quantitatively understanding many evolutionary processes. According to theory, mutation rates should be minimized for well-adapted populations living in stable environments, whereas hypermutators may evolve if conditions change. However, the long-term fate of hypermutators is unknown. Using a phylogenomic approach, we found that an adapting Escherichia coli population that first evolved a mutT hypermutator phenotype was later invaded by two independent lineages with mutY mutations that reduced genome-wide mutation rates. Applying neutral theory to synonymous substitutions, we dated the emergence of these mutations and inferred that the mutT mutation increased the point-mutation rate by ~150-fold, while the mutY mutations reduced the rate by ~40-60%, with a corresponding decrease in the genetic load. Thus, the long-term fate of the hypermutators was governed by the selective advantage arising from a reduced mutation rate as the potential for further adaptation declined.
Data from: Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible North American Arabidopsis lyrata: disentangling genomic and S-locus specific genetic load
Newly formed selfing lineages may express recessive genetic load and suffer inbreeding depression. This can have a genome-wide genetic basis, or be due to loci linked to genes under balancing selection. Understanding the genetic architecture of inbreeding depression is important in the context of the maintenance of self-incompatibility and understanding the evolutionary dynamics of S-alleles. We addressed this using North-American subspecies of Arabidopsis lyrata. This species is normally self-incompatible and outcrossing, but some populations have undergone a transition to selfing. The goals of this study were to: (1) quantify the strength of inbreeding depression in North-American populations of A. lyrata; and (2) disentangle the relative contribution of S-linked genetic load compared with overall inbreeding depression. We enforced selfing in self-incompatible plants with known S-locus genotype by treatment with CO2, and compared the performance of selfed vs outcrossed progeny. We found significant inbreeding depression for germination rate (δ=0.33), survival rate to 4 weeks (δ=0.45) and early growth (δ=0.07), but not for flowering rate. For two out of four S-alleles in our design, we detected significant S-linked load reflected by an under-representation of S-locus homozygotes in selfed progeny. The presence or absence of S-linked load could not be explained by the dominance level of S-alleles. Instead, the random nature of the mutation process may explain differences in the recessive deleterious load among lineages.
Data from: Genetic load, inbreeding depression and hybrid vigor covary with population size: an empirical evaluation of theoretical predictions
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Evolutionary rate and genetic load in an emblematic Mediterranean tree following an ancient and prolonged population collapse
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Mutation rate dynamics in a bacterial population reflect tension between adaptation and genetic load
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Data from: Inbreeding depression in self-incompatible North American Arabidopsis lyrata: disentangling genomic and S-locus specific genetic load
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Data from: Effects of partial selfing on the equilibrium genetic variance, mutation load and inbreeding depression under stabilizing selection
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PACAP Induced Migraine Attacks in Patients With High and Low Genetic Load
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02158221. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Evaluation of the Association Between Genetic Load and Response to Anti-VEGF Therapy in AMD Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01644513. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Genetic Load and Phenotype in Aggressive AMD
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01650948. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
CGRP Induced Migraine Attacks in Patients With High and Low Genetic Load
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01924052. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 0. Publications: 0.
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