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72 results for “Global synthesis”
Figure 2 in sOilFauna - a global synthesis effort on the drivers of soil macrofauna communities and functioning
Figure 2. Main hypotheses of soil biodiversity drivers. Adapted from (Calderón-Sanou et al. 2022).
Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis
<p><span>Global warming intensifies the hydrological cycle and may result in changes in the frequency and intensity of precipitation events. Although the effects of changes in precipitation amount and inter-annual precipitation variability on terrestrial plant productivity and carbon sequestration have been well studied, how intra-annual precipitation variability affects terrestrial ecosystem function remains unclear. </span><span>Here, we synthesized field manipulative experiments from 71 publications to quantify the effects of intra-annual precipitation variability increases (IPVI) on community biomass and plant diversity in grasslands worldwide. </span><span>At the global scale, we found that IPVI generally increased grassland community aboveground biomass (AGB) by 6%, and decreased grass biomass and soil ammonium nitrogen by 12% and 31%, respectively. IPVI stimulated AGB, belowground biomass, and plant species richness in arid regions, but not changed them in humid regions. Changes in AGB under IPVI were related to changes in the biomass of plant functional groups, species richness, and soil moisture. Structural equation modelling demonstrated that that climate conditions (mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation) and background soil properties (soil sand content and soil organic carbon content) jointly regulated grassland AGB responses to IPVI across climate types.</span></p> <p><span>Synthesis: Overall, our study shows that grassland productivity and diversity may increase under IPVI in arid climates, and that humid grasslands may be highly resistant to the effects of IPVI. These findings have important implications for understanding ecosystem carbon cycling under global precipitation change scenarios.</span></p>
Disentangling the relative contributions of factors determining seed physical defence: a global-scale data synthesis
<p>Physical defence investment in seeds varies greatly among plant species and is affected by many potential factors. However, the relative importance of influential factors has not yet been systematically evaluated. Here, we compiled a global database of the seed coat ratio (SCR), a proxy of seed physical defence, for 1,357 species. Using partial R<sup>2</sup> calculation that can estimate the reduction in explained variance of a given factor after removing it from a full model containing all the other factors, we disentangled the relative contributions of seven factors commonly used to explain variation in the SCR. Seed desiccation response and phylogeny explained a large amount of SCR variation among species, with a partial R<sup>2</sup><sub>lik</sub> value of 13.31% and 10.62%, respectively. Seed dormancy, plant growth form, seed mass, climate region, and fruit type showed little power to explain SCR variation, although they are often cited in the literature as potential factors. Our results highlight the important roles of seed desiccation response and phylogeny in shaping interspecific variation in the SCR. These findings provide a detailed interpretation of both evolutionary and ecological patterns underlying the physical defence mechanisms and allocation strategies of plant seeds.</p>
Datasets: RECCAP2 A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes
<p>Processed data and scripts to produce figures for the contribution to RECCAP2: "A Synthesis of Global Coastal Ocean Greenhouse Gas Fluxes", published 2023.</p>
A global synthesis and meta-analysis of the environmental heterogeneity effects on the freshwater biodiversity
<p>In this study, we aimed to synthesize the global knowledge about the relationship between spatial Environmental Heterogeneity (EH) and freshwater biodiversity (i.e., taxonomic and functional diversity, and their respective α and β components). Through a systematic review, we integrated results from 98 studies, published in 33 different countries, about the role of spatial EH – biodiversity relationship in freshwater ecosystems. Following the PRISMA-ecoevol criteria, we generated a dataset with 276 observations of the effect of EH – biodiversity relationship. For the meta-analysis, we extracted the effect size from 74 studies that effectively tested the effect of EH over any metric of biodiversity. Through this subset, we provided 242 individual effect sizes with their respective variances and sample sizes.</p>
Microbial traits dictate soil neromass accumulation coefficient: A global synthesis
<p><span>The accumulation of microbial necromass carbon has drawn mounting attention due to the slow decomposition. However, it remains unclear what determines the microbial necromass carbon accumulation via reiterated community turnover on large spatial scales. This study aimed to explore the characteristics of soil necromass carbon accumulation in terrestrial ecosystems. A dataset was compiled with 993 observations on the coefficient of microbial carbon accumulation in the equilibrium from 82 peer-reviewed papers. The linear mixed-effect models and structural equation models were used to ascertain the controlling factors of NAC on a global scale.</span><span> The average NAC was higher in croplands (28.2) and forests (26.8) than that in grasslands (21.1). Although the edaphic factors seemingly affect the NAC whereby the NAC lowered in soils with high levels of pH and clay content on a global scale, the biotic factors, particularly for the living microorganism abundance and microbial biomass nitrogen content, were the pivotal drivers of NAC that accounted for approximately 42.5% of the geographic variances in NAC. More organic carbon was likely to be preserved in soil with a higher NAC regardless of ecosystem types. Novel findings on the overriding controls from the living microorganism abundance and microbial biomass nitrogen in driving NAC raise an urgent need for viable strategies in manipulating microbial characteristics for carbon sequestrations.</span></p>
Data from: Disentangling the relative contributions of factors determining seed physical defence: a global-scale data synthesis
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Data from: A global synthesis of environmental enrichment effect on fish stress
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Data from: A global synthesis of fire effects on pollinators
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Dataset: A global synthesis of human impacts on the multifunctionality of streams and rivers
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The importance of landscape composition for pest control and crop yield: A global quantitative synthesis
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A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop-specific emission factors
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Microbial traits dictate soil neromass accumulation coefficient: A global synthesis
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A global synthesis and meta-analysis of the environmental heterogeneity effects on the freshwater biodiversity
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Bacterial zoonoses impacts to conservation of wildlife populations: A global synthesis
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Divergent responses of grassland productivity and plant diversity to intra-annual precipitation variability across climate regions: A global synthesis
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Data from: Dynamics of non-structural carbohydrates in terrestrial plants: a global synthesis
Plants store large amounts of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC). While multiple functions of NSC have long been recognized, the interpretation of NSC seasonal dynamics is often based on the idea that stored NSC is a reservoir of carbon that fluctuates depending on the balance between supply via photosynthesis and demand for growth and respiration (the source-sink dynamics concept). Consequently, relatively high NSC concentrations in some plants have been interpreted to reflect excess supply relative to demand. An alternative view, however, is that NSC accumulation reflects the relatively high NSC levels required for plant survival; an important issue that remains highly controversial. Here, we assembled a new global database to examine broad patterns of seasonal NSC variation across organs (leaves, stems and belowground), plant functional types (coniferous, drought deciduous angiosperms, winter deciduous angiosperms, evergreen angiosperms, and herbaceous) and biomes (boreal, temperate, Mediterranean and tropical). We compiled data from 123 studies, including seasonal measurements for 179 species under natural conditions. Our results showed that, on average, NSC account for ~10% of dry plant biomass and are highest in leaves and lowest in stems, whereas belowground organs show intermediate concentrations. Total NSC, starch and soluble sugars (SS) varied seasonally, with a strong depletion of starch during the growing season and a general increase during winter months, particularly in boreal and temperate biomes. Across functional types, NSC concentrations were highest and most variable in herbaceous species and in conifer needles. Conifers showed the lowest stem and belowground NSC concentrations. Minimum NSC values were relatively high (46% of seasonal maximums on average for total NSC) and, in contrast to average values, were similar among biomes and functional types. Overall, although starch depletion was relatively common, seasonal depletion of total NSC or SS was rare. These results are consistent with a dual view of NSC function: whereas starch acts mostly as a reservoir for future use, soluble sugars perform immediate functions (e.g., osmoregulation) and are kept above some critical threshold. If confirmed, this dual function of NSC will have important implications for the way we understand and model plant carbon allocation and survival under stress.
Data from: A global synthesis of survival estimates for microbats
Accurate survival estimates are needed to construct robust population models, which are a powerful tool for understanding and predicting the fates of species under scenarios of environmental change. Microbats make up 17% of the global mammalian fauna, yet the processes that drive differences in demographics between species are poorly understood. We collected survival estimates for 44 microbat species from the literature and constructed a model to determine the effects of reproductive, feeding and demographic traits on survival. Our trait-based model indicated that bat species which produce more young per year exhibit lower apparent annual survival, as do males and juveniles compared with females and adults, respectively. Using 8 years of monitoring data for two Australian species, we demonstrate how knowledge about the effect of traits on survival can be incorporated into Bayesian survival analyses. This approach can be applied to any group and is not restricted to bats or even mammals. The incorporation of informative priors based on traits can allow for more timely construction of population models to support management decisions and actions.
Data from: Interactive effects of grazing and global change factors on soil and ecosystem respiration in grassland ecosystems: a global synthesis
1.As the key carbon (C) fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere, soil respiration (Rs) and ecosystem respiration (Re) play vital roles in regulating global C balance and climate-biosphere feedback in the Earth system. Despite the fact that numerous manipulative studies and a few meta-analyses have been conducted to examine the responses of Rs and its components [i.e., autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic respiration (Rh)] as well as Re to grazing (G) or global change factors, the interactive effects between grazing and global change factors remain poorly understood. 2.Here we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of manipulative experiments with both grazing and global change factors to quantify their individual and interactive effects on Rs and its components as well as Re. 3.Our results showed that grazing and drought significantly decreased Rs by 12.35% and 20.95%, respectively, whereas warming (W), nitrogen addition (N) and increased precipitation (P) stimulated it by 2.12%, 5.49%, and 13.44%, respectively. Similarly, grazing, warming, nitrogen addition, and increased precipitation increased Re by 7.21%, 4.94%, 48.45%, and 21.57%, respectively, while drought decreased it by 16.86%. However, the combinations of grazing with warming (GW), nitrogen addition (GN) and increased precipitation (GP) exhibited non-significant effects on Rs. More importantly, additive interactions between grazing and global change factors exhibited a substantial predominance on Rs, Ra, Rh and Re rather than synergistic and antagonistic ones. 4.Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the crucial importance of the interactive effects between grazing and global change factors on Rs and Re. Therefore, incorporating this key influence on ecosystem processes into Earth system models could better improve the prediction of climate-grassland feedbacks and develop sustainable strategies for grassland management in the Anthropocene.17-May-2019
Global quantitative synthesis of effects of biotic and abiotic factors on stemflow production in woody ecosystems
<p><span><b>Aim: </b>Stemflow has been increasingly recognized as an indispensable component in water and nutrient budgets within vegetated ecosystems. Here we aim to quantify the stemflow percentage (St, %) of incident precipitation (i.e., stemflow production) at a global scale, and to provide a systematic evaluation on how biotic and abiotic factors affect St.</span></p> <p><span><b>Location: </b>Global</span></p> <p><span><b>Time period: </b>1970 – 2019</span></p> <p><span><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Woody plants (trees and shrubs)</span></p> <p><span><b>Methods: </b>We compiled a global stemflow dataset from 234 peer-reviewed papers, which included 488 observations of St and the related biotic (stand characteristics) and abiotic factors (climate variables) at 283 sites within terrestrial woody plant ecosystems. We explored the global pattern of St and performed a machine learning method (boosted regression trees) to model the effects of biotic and abiotic variables on St.</span></p> <p><span><b>Results: </b>Globally, the median (interquartile range, IQR) St was 2.7 % (1.0 – 6.3 %). We found that St in arid zones (type B in Köppen-Geiger climate classification) was significant higher (<i>P</i> < 0.01) than in other climate types, and we also detected a significant difference (<i>P</i> < 0.01) in St between trees (median: 2.4 %; IQR: 1.0 – 5.3 %) and shrubs (median: 7.2 %; IQR: 5.2 – 11.9 %). Predictor variables that substantially accounted for the explained deviance of the final model included vegetation height (27.0 %), mean annual precipitation (16.1 %), mean annual temperature (14.4 %), stand density (10.8 %), stand age (8.9 %), and bark type (5.5 %). In contrast, leaf area index, diameter at breast height, basal area, phenology type, life form, and leaf type were classified as low importance.</span></p> <p><span><b>Main conclusions: </b>Our synthesis provides a cross-site comparison of St, and gives a holistic view on how climate variables and stand characteristics contribute to and affect global stemflow production.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.