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185 results for “Granular”
High Granularity Electromagnetic Calorimeter Shower Images
<p>Each HDF5 file contains energy deposits (shower images) created by <strong>electrons</strong> in one of the two calorimeters, for a specific incident angle of particles. Each HDF5 file has a structure of datasets, where each dataset represents energy deposits for a specific particle energy (in GeV). Particle energies are ranging from <strong>1</strong> to <strong>1024 GeV </strong>in powers of 2 and particle angles are ranging from <strong>50</strong> to <strong>90 degrees</strong> in a step of 10 (angle of 90 degrees indicates a particle entering the detector perpendicularly). Each dataset has the following structure<strong> {number of events,18,50,45}</strong>, with <strong>18x50x45</strong> being the granularity of a shower image.</p> <p>The calorimeter used to produce those data is a setup of concentric cylinders (layers). Each layer consists of active and passive material. The <strong>SiW</strong> geometry has 90 layers of 1.4 mm of tungsten as passive absorber and 0.3 mm of silicon as active material. The <strong>SciPb</strong> geometry has 45 layers of 4.4 mm of lead and 1.2 mm of scintillator. The number of readout cells is <strong>RxPxZ=18x50x45=40500</strong>, representing the cylindrical segmentation (rho,phi,z). The size of a single cell has been chosen to correspond to (approximately) 0.25 Moliere radius along the R axis and 0.5 radiation length along Z axis.</p> <p><br> The samples were created with the <strong><a href="https://gitlab.cern.ch/geant4/geant4/-/tree/master/examples/extended/parameterisations/Par04">Par04</a> </strong>Geant4 example, which demonstrates how to use Machine Learning inference to create energy deposits as a fast simulation model using LWTNN and ONNX runtime.</p>
Flow properties of slow granular flows of irregular grains
<p>This repository holds the tomographic data of slow granular flows of irregular grains in shear cell and in silo. We tested the 3D flow properties of realistic (non-spherical) granular materials with special emphasis on the orientational ordering of the grains and its effect on the flowability of the sample. In this collaborative work between the Wigner Research Centre (Budapest) and Otto-von Guericke University (Magdeburg), laboratory experiments have been performed in two geometrical configurations: (I) quasi-static shear flow in a split bottom Couette shear device and (II) slow flow in a silo.<br> <br> The read_me.txt contains the structure of the data. Additional information/data not included in this repository is available upon request.</p>
Project 2021/05/X/ST8/00114: Introduction of moisture content as a parameter of the breakage probability function of granular biomass - Dataset
<p>This dataset contains the results of research conducted at Purdue University, Agricultural&Biological Engineering during research stay in the period 15.11.2021 - 14.02.2022. The aim of the research was to investigate and analyze the breakage probability of different types of grains for various moisture content levels: 10%, 14%, 18%, 22% and 26 % and particle sizes. The experimental part involves compression tests of selected grains (rice, corn) and specific breakage energy determination. In the result the breakage probability equations in dependance of moisture content and particle size were developed.</p> <p>This dataset contains:</p> <ol> <li>the results of initial moisture content measurement,</li> <li>the results of moisture content measurement after wetting,</li> <li>The results of bulk density measurement,</li> <li>the results of compression tests for low compression rate (1.25 mm/min)</li> <li>the results of compression tests for high compression rate (125 mm/min)</li> </ol>
Wikipedia Category Granularity (WikiGrain) data
<p>The "Wikipedia Category Granularity (WikiGrain)" data consists of three files that contain information about articles of the English-language version of Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org).</p> <p>The data has been generated from the database dump dated 20 October 2016 provided by the Wikimedia foundation licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) and the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike 3.0 License. </p> <p>WikiGrain provides information on all 5,006,601 Wikipedia articles (that is, pages in Namespace 0 that are not redirects) that are assigned to at least one category.</p> <p>The WikiGrain Data is analyzed in the paper</p> <p>Jürgen Lerner and Alessandro Lomi: <a href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0190674"><strong>Knowledge categorization affects popularity and quality of Wikipedia articles</strong></a>. <em>PLoS ONE</em>, 13(1):e0190674, 2018.</p> <p>===============================================================<br> Individual files (tables in comma-separated-values-format):</p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------<br> * article_info.csv contains the following variables:</p> <p>- "id"<br> (integer) Unique identifier for articles; identical with the page_id in the Wikipedia database.</p> <p>- "granularity"<br> (decimal) The granularity of an article A is defined to be the average (mean) granularity of the categories of A, where the granularity of a category C is the shortest path distance in the parent-child subcategory network from the root category (Category:Articles) to C. Higher granularity values indicate articles whose topics are less general, narrower, more specific. </p> <p>- "is.FA"<br> (boolean) True ('1') if the article is a featured article; false ('0') else.</p> <p>- "is.FA.or.GA"<br> (boolean) True ('1') if the article is a featured article or a good article; false ('0') else.</p> <p>- "is.top.importance"<br> (boolean) True ('1') if the article is listed as a top importance article by at least one WikiProject; false ('0') else.</p> <p>- "number.of.revisions"<br> (integer) Number of times a new version of the article has been uploaded.</p> <p><br> ---------------------------------------------------------------<br> * article_to_tlc.csv<br> is a list of links from articles to the closest top-level categories (TLC) they are contained in. We say that an article A is a member of a TLC C if A is in a category that is a descendant of C and the distance from C to A (measured by the number of parent-child category links) is minimal over all TLC. An article can thus be member of several TLC.<br> The file contains the following variables:</p> <p>- "id"<br> (integer) Unique identifier for articles; identical with the page_id in the Wikipedia database.</p> <p>- "id.of.tlc"<br> (integer) Unique identifier for TLC in which the article is contained; identical with the page_id in the Wikipedia database. </p> <p>- "title.of.tlc"<br> (string) Title of the TLC in which the article is contained.</p> <p>---------------------------------------------------------------<br> * article_info_normalized.csv<br> contains more variables associated with articles than article_info.csv. All variables, except "id" and "is.FA" are normalized to standard deviation equal to one. Variables whose name has prefix "log1p." have been transformed by the mapping x --> log(1+x) to make distributions that are skewed to the right 'more normal'. <br> The file contains the following variables:</p> <p>- "id"<br> Article id.</p> <p>- "is.FA"<br> Boolean indicator for whether the article is featured.</p> <p>- "log1p.length"<br> Length measured by the number of bytes.</p> <p>- "age"<br> Age measured by the time since the first edit.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.edits"<br> Number of times a new version of the article has been uploaded.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.reverts"<br> Number of times a revision has been reverted to a previous one.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.contributors"<br> Number of unique contributors to the article.</p> <p>- "number.of.characters.per.word"<br> Average number of characters per word (one component of 'reading complexity').</p> <p>- "number.of.words.per.sentence"<br> Average number of words per sentence (second component of 'reading complexity').</p> <p>- "number.of.level.1.sections"<br> Number of first level sections in the article.</p> <p>- "number.of.level.2.sections"<br> Number of second level sections in the article.</p> <p>- "number.of.categories"<br> Number of categories the article is in.</p> <p>- "log1p.average.size.of.categories"<br> Average size of the categories the article is in.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.intra.wiki.links"<br> Number of links to pages in the English-language version of Wikipedia.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.external.references"<br> Number of external references given in the article.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.images"<br> Number of images in the article.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.templates"<br> Number of templates that the article uses.</p> <p>- "log1p.number.of.inter.language.links"<br> Number of links to articles in different language edition of Wikipedia.</p> <p>- "granularity"<br> As in article_info.csv (but normalized to standard deviation one).<br> </p>
3D Printing of Double Network Granular Elastomers with Locally Varying Mechanical Properties
<p>Dataset for the article entitled "3D Printing of Double Network Granular Elastomers with Locally Varying Mechanical Properties", by Eva Baur, Benjamin Tiberghien and Esther Amstad published in Advanced Materials.</p>
Supporting data for "Granularity of model input data impacts estimates of carbon storage in soils"
<p>The exchange of carbon between the soil and the atmosphere is an important factor in climate change. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage is sensitive to land management, soil properties, and climatic conditions, and these data serve as key inputs to computer models projecting SOC change. Farmland has been identified as a sink for atmospheric carbon, and we have previously estimated the potential for SOC sequestration in agricultural soils in Vermont, USA using the Rothamsted Carbon Model. However, fine spatial-scale (high granularity) input data are not always available, which can limit the skill of SOC projections. For example, climate projections are often only available at scales of 10s to 100s of km2. To overcome this, we use a climate projection dataset downscaled to <1 km2 (~18,000 cells). We compare SOC from runs forced by high granularity input data to runs forced by aggregated data averaged over the 11,690 km2 study region. We spin up and run the model individually for each cell in the fine-scale runs and for the region in the aggregated runs factorially over three agricultural land uses and four Global Climate Models. </p> <p>In this repository are the downscaled climate input data that drive the RothC model, as well as the model outputs for each GCM.</p>
Fig. 5 Pedogenetically altered granular limestones. a, b in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 5 Pedogenetically altered granular limestones. a, b Peloidal-bioclastic grainstone bearing vadoids and black pebbles, micritised intraclasts and meniscus cements. c-d Dissolution features associated with microstalactitic and equigranular cements which are developed arround cavities and grains; cavities are filled with vadose silt in association with large crystals of equigranular calcite.
MAR2PROTECT Efficient Removal of Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) using Fluorinated Ionic Liquids and Granular Activated Carbon DATASET
<p>Perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS) are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds in the environment and the human body. Their presence in high concentrations brings devastating consequences to health. Nowadays, there is an urgent need to develop efficient and sustainable processes that mitigate the damage caused by PFAS. This leads to improving the life quality of individuals. In the present work, for the first time, the extraction properties of PFOA with fluorinated ionic liquids (FILs) in aqueous media were evaluated. The most promising FIL is [P44414] [C4F9SO3] obtaining adsorption capacities up to 280 mg·g-1 in 72 h. Additionally, adsorption processes were carried out with granular activated carbon (GAC1240W) obtaining adsorption capacities up to 666 mg·g-1 best fitted with the pseudo-second order kinetic model with an equilibrium time of 48 h. Equilibrium assays showed maximum uptake capacities around 500 mg.g-1, and a multilayer adsorption due to the best fit to Freundlich model. Both FILs and GAC1240W can open new paths in PFAS adsorption processes from aqueous solutions. Taking advantage of the properties of each one of them, new, more efficient, and sustainable processes can be optimized in the future.</p>
data source for paper "Unity of granular configuration of soil"
<ol> <li>'Table S1' presents soil data sources from China, around the world, and from lunar samples, including their abbreviations, soil textures, locations, and specimen numbers.</li> <li>'GSD data S2' contains grain size distribution data for soils belonging to four models: unimodal, bimodal, trimodal and multimodal.</li> <li>'Matlab code for simulating soil grain size data S3' is designed to simulate soil particles from the source area.</li> </ol>
Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 53. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Nicholsia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a coprolite containing several kinds of pollen; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Detail of the coprolite that yielded the tricolpate pollen in this Text-figure showing several different kinds of pollen grains; b–d) Tricolpate pollen grains in polar (b) and equatorial (c, d) views showing colpi, coarsely granular aperture membrane and foveolate tectum. Specimen, TV44-S137906-03 (holotype; a–d). Scale bars 30 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d).
Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Teebacia hughesii gen. et sp. nov. pollen from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure (d, e); b) Detail of detached reticulum showing inner surface of muri and scattered columellae; note the finely granular covering of the muri and columellae; c, d) Detail of reticulum showing the outer surface of muri with supratectal ornamentation of narrow ridges; note orbicules attached to the reticulum (d); e, f) Pollen grains showing loose, beaded, reticulum with long columellae; note continuous muri bordering the apertures and densely spaced minute orbicules lining the inner surface of the anther wall (e, arrowheads). Specimens, TV44-S136666 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S149207 (b, c, f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (e, f), 3 Μm (b), 1.5 Μm (c), 1.2 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 46. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Teebacia hughesii gen. et sp. nov. pollen from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment showing elongated pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure (d, e); b) Detail of detached reticulum showing inner surface of muri and scattered columellae; note the finely granular covering of the muri and columellae; c, d) Detail of reticulum showing the outer surface of muri with supratectal ornamentation of narrow ridges; note orbicules attached to the reticulum (d); e, f) Pollen grains showing loose, beaded, reticulum with long columellae; note continuous muri bordering the apertures and densely spaced minute orbicules lining the inner surface of the anther wall (e, arrowheads). Specimens, TV44-S136666 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S149207 (b, c, f). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (e, f), 3 Μm (b), 1.5 Μm (c), 1.2 Μm (d).
Text-fig. 52. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Samylinaea punctata gen. et sp. nov from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump (probable stamen fragment) that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of pollen grain showing two colpi, granular aperture membrane, and punctate tectum; c) Orbicule showing very finely granular surface; d) Pollen wall showing short columellae, well-developed punctate tectum and slightly thinner foot layer; e–h) Pollen grains showing punctate tectum and the folds associated with the irregular development of the colpi. Specimen, TV44-S174565 (holotype; a–h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, e–h), 3 Μm (c, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 52. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Samylinaea punctata gen. et sp. nov from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump (probable stamen fragment) that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of pollen grain showing two colpi, granular aperture membrane, and punctate tectum; c) Orbicule showing very finely granular surface; d) Pollen wall showing short columellae, well-developed punctate tectum and slightly thinner foot layer; e–h) Pollen grains showing punctate tectum and the folds associated with the irregular development of the colpi. Specimen, TV44-S174565 (holotype; a–h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b, e–h), 3 Μm (c, d).
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 51. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of tricolpate pollen of Mcdougallia irregularis gen. et sp. nov. from a stamen fragment; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; stamen fragment that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Polar view of tricolpate pollen grain showing the continuous psilate tectum in the apocolpium and the poorly developed discontinuous foveolate-reticulate tectum in the mesocolpial areas, note irregular fold in tectum wall (arrowhead); c) Equatorial view of pollen grain showing the discontinuous tectum in the mesocolpial areas; d) Pollen grains showing variably developed tectum, colpi with a finely granular aperture membrane and the folds (arrowheads) associated with the irregular development of the colpi; e) Orbicule showing faintly striate surface; f) Pollen wall showing very short columellae, thin tectum and thin foot layer. Specimen, TV44-S148215 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (b–d), 3 Μm (e, f).
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the distal colpus and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; c–e) Equatorial (c) and distal views (d, e) of pollen grains showing the long distal colpus with granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; f) Detail of section through pollen wall showing thick tectum with fine striate ornamentation, perforated by punctae and supported by short stout columellae attached to the thin foot layer; g–h) Surface of tectum (g) and orbicule (h) showing fine striate ornamentation. Specimen, TV44-S149216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (f–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 31. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen grains showing the distal colpus and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; c–e) Equatorial (c) and distal views (d, e) of pollen grains showing the long distal colpus with granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; f) Detail of section through pollen wall showing thick tectum with fine striate ornamentation, perforated by punctae and supported by short stout columellae attached to the thin foot layer; g–h) Surface of tectum (g) and orbicule (h) showing fine striate ornamentation. Specimen, TV44-S149216 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (f–h).
Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen surface showing fine striate ornamentation; c–e) Pollen grains showing broad distal colpus with distinct granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; note the very different sizes of pollen grains in the same pollen clump. Specimen, TV44-S174620. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (b). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 32. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Burgeria striata gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Pollen clump that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b) Pollen surface showing fine striate ornamentation; c–e) Pollen grains showing broad distal colpus with distinct granular ornamentation and the undulating tectum perforated by scattered punctae; note the very different sizes of pollen grains in the same pollen clump. Specimen, TV44-S174620. Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 6 Μm (c–e), 1.5 Μm (b).
Text-fig. 30. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dejaxia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump (possible single pollen sac) that yielded the pollen in this Textfigure; b, c) Group of almost spherical pollen grains showing the irregularly undulating psilate tectum and abundant orbicules; d–g) Pollen grains showing the short colpi with a granular aperture membrane (d, f) and the irregularly undulating psilate tectum with scattered small perforations; note abundant orbicules (g); h) Pollen grain in proximal view showing the irregularly undulating psilate tectum resulting from the depressions around the perforations in the pollen wall. Specimen, TV44-S137909 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 12 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d–h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 30. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of monocolpate pollen of Dejaxia brevicolpites gen. et sp. nov. from a pollen clump; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Holotype; pollen clump (possible single pollen sac) that yielded the pollen in this Textfigure; b, c) Group of almost spherical pollen grains showing the irregularly undulating psilate tectum and abundant orbicules; d–g) Pollen grains showing the short colpi with a granular aperture membrane (d, f) and the irregularly undulating psilate tectum with scattered small perforations; note abundant orbicules (g); h) Pollen grain in proximal view showing the irregularly undulating psilate tectum resulting from the depressions around the perforations in the pollen wall. Specimen, TV44-S137909 (holotype). Scale bars 300 Μm (a), 30 Μm (b), 12 Μm (c), 6 Μm (d–h).
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Appomattoxia minuta sp. nov. fruits and associated monocolpate pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of fruits (a, holotype) covered with hooked hairs showing the apical stigmatic area; d–g) Pollen grains from the fruits in (a) and (b) showing short monocolpate aperture, granular aperture membrane and microechinate tectum. Specimens, TV44-S136786 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S136787 (b, f, g), TV43-S105022 (c). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 30 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Appomattoxia minuta sp. nov. fruits and associated monocolpate pollen grains; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Lateral view of fruits (a, holotype) covered with hooked hairs showing the apical stigmatic area; d–g) Pollen grains from the fruits in (a) and (b) showing short monocolpate aperture, granular aperture membrane and microechinate tectum. Specimens, TV44-S136786 (holotype; a, d, e), TV44-S136787 (b, f, g), TV43-S105022 (c). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–c), 30 Μm (e), 6 Μm (d, f, g).
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of inaperturate Araucariacites sp. pollen from two fragmentary pollen sacs; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fragmentary pollen sac; b) Granular inner surface of pollen sac (a); c) Orbicule showing finely striate surface; d) Group of pollen grains from pollen sac in (a) showing granular exine surface and numerous orbicules; note that the scale bar (12 Μm) is two times larger than that used for most other pollen grains illustrated in this paper (6 Μm). Specimens, TV44-S148025 (a, b, d), TV44-S148146 (c). Scale bars 150 Μm (a), 12 Μm (d), 3 Μm (b, c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 9. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of inaperturate Araucariacites sp. pollen from two fragmentary pollen sacs; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Fragmentary pollen sac; b) Granular inner surface of pollen sac (a); c) Orbicule showing finely striate surface; d) Group of pollen grains from pollen sac in (a) showing granular exine surface and numerous orbicules; note that the scale bar (12 Μm) is two times larger than that used for most other pollen grains illustrated in this paper (6 Μm). Specimens, TV44-S148025 (a, b, d), TV44-S148146 (c). Scale bars 150 Μm (a), 12 Μm (d), 3 Μm (b, c).
Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of pollen of Sergipea sp. from a group of probable fragmentary pollen sacs; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Cluster of probable fragmentary pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b, c) Pollen grains showing the robust longitudinal ribs separated by prominent areas of granular exine; note the groove along the margins of the longitudinal ribs (arrowheads); d) Pollen grain showing the granular exine flanked by two robust ribs; note the groove along the margins of the longitudinal ribs (arrowheads). Specimen, TV44-S148012 (a–d). Scale bars 150 Μm (a), 12 Μm (c), 6 Μm (b, d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 12. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of pollen of Sergipea sp. from a group of probable fragmentary pollen sacs; Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Cluster of probable fragmentary pollen sacs that yielded the pollen in this Text-figure; b, c) Pollen grains showing the robust longitudinal ribs separated by prominent areas of granular exine; note the groove along the margins of the longitudinal ribs (arrowheads); d) Pollen grain showing the granular exine flanked by two robust ribs; note the groove along the margins of the longitudinal ribs (arrowheads). Specimen, TV44-S148012 (a–d). Scale bars 150 Μm (a), 12 Μm (c), 6 Μm (b, d).
Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c). in Extinct Taxa Of Exotestal Seeds Close To Austrobaileyales And Nymphaeales From The Early Cretaceous Of Portugal
Text-fig. 9. Lusitanispermum choffatii gen. et sp. nov. seeds from the Early Cretaceous Famalicão locality (sample 025), Portugal; Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, orthoslices). a) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0769) through the median plane of the seed (S174345) showing expanded exotestal cells (ex, arrow head) in the hilar region and well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue with an embedded tiny embryo (asterisk markes the margin of the embryo); note well-developed mesotesta (me) on the raphal side of seed. b) Longitudinal orthoslice (yz0750) in the median plane showing detail of micropylar part of seed with well-preserved exotesta (ex) and mesotesta (me) and tiny embryo with two rudimentary cotyledons (asterisks mark the margin of the cotyledons); note numerous granular bodies in the cellular nutritive tissue that are probably the remains of protein and lipid bodies. c) Transverse orthoslice (xy0311) through seed below hilum showing the bulging exotesta (arrow heads) (S174472); note that the exotestal cells in this region have thinner walls (arrows). d) Transverse orthoslice (xy0900) through the middle of a seed showing the uneven thickening of the anticlinal walls of the exotestal cells (ex), which are thicker towards the outside and very thin towards the inside; note also mesotesta (me) and the well-preserved cellular nutritive tissue (S174472). Scale bars = 500 µm (a, d); 250 µm (b, c).
ScienceDex guides
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.