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64 results for “Green Lake Valley”
Green Lakes Valley land cover classification, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
Land cover data generated by Don Cline (graduate student, CU Boulder Geography), as part of suite of spatial maps made for Green Lakes Valley (see Williams et al. 1999).
10-meter elevation contours, Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge LTER, Colorado
10-meter contours clipped with a box made from extents of the Green Lakes Valley 1999 high-resolution orthorectified imagery dataset (glv.tif). This dataset was made to support hierarchical GIS databases at the Niwot Ridge LTER. Additional information concerning the Niwot Ridge LTER hierarchical GIS can be found in Walker et al. (1993).
Mean snowpack ablation data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1992 - 1993.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was measured on a bimonthly basis within couloirs above the Green Lakes and Isabelle Valleys during the summer months. One-inch diameter PVC poles were driven into the snowpack to form vertical transects within each couloir. The height difference (cm) between the top of each pole and the snow surface was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Transect snowpack ablation data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1992 - 1993.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was measured on a bimonthly basis within couloirs above the Green Lakes and Isabelle Valleys during the summer months. One-inch diameter PVC poles were driven into the snowpack to form vertical transects within each couloir. The height difference (cm) between the top of each pole and the snow surface was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Alpine plant seed microbiomes, germination, and plant-soil feedbacks, Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2018.
Seed and soil microbiomes strongly affect plant performance, and these effects can scale-up to influence plant community structure. However, seed and soil microbial community composition are variable across landscapes, and different microbial communities can differentially influence multiple plant metrics (biomass, germination rate), and community stabilizing mechanisms. We measured how microbiomes inside seeds and in soils varied among alpine plant species and communities that differed in plant species richness and density. Across 10 common alpine plant species, we found a total of 318 bacterial and 128 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) associated with seeds, with fungal richness affected by plant species identity more than sampling location. However, seed microbes had only marginally significant effects on plant germination success and timing. In contrast, soil microbes associated with two different plant species had significant effects on plant biomass, and their effect depended both on the plant species and the location the soils were sampled from.
Soil chemical and physical property data for Green Lakes Valley, 1986.
Laboratory analyses were performed on soil samples from the Green Lakes Valley in the City of Boulder Watershed in order to characterize the chemical characteristics of the soil resource. The samples were collected during the 1986 excavations that were required during installation of zero-tension soil solution samplers.
Soil interstitial water chemistry data for Green Lakes Valley, 1987 - 1992.
Soil interstitial water samples were collected from tension and zero-tension samplers at various locations within the Green Lakes Valley in the City of Boulder Watershed. Chemical analyses were performed on the samples in order to characterize soil solution concentrations and estimate fluxes of important chemical constituents. Samples were collected at several depths from within several soil types and topographic situations in this alpine/subalpine environment.
Snow horizon chemistry data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles in order to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season. Snow samples were collected and analyzed for cations and anions at the Mountain Research Station's Arikaree (formerly Kiowa) Laboratory.
Soil lysimeter chemistry data from various locations on Niwot Ridge and in the Green Lakes Valley 1994 - 2013.
Water was collected from soil lysimeters at key sites across Niwot Ridge and the Green Lakes Valley in the tundra and subalpine forest. Zero-tension soil lysimeters in the City of Boulder Watershed were deployed in the mid-1980’s. Additional zero-tension lysimeters were installed at Subnivean and Soddie sites in 1997. At c1 in 2010, 12 Tension lysimeters (Soil Moisture Equipment Corp Model 1900 Soil Water Sampler ) were installed at C1.SO, C1.ST and C1.SW sites, with four lysimeters at each site. In 2012, 15 additional zero tension lysimeters were installed in the City of Boulder Watershed at Gl5, Arikaree, and D1 locations (with 5 lysimeters at each site).
Genetic and extracellular enzyme survey of planktonic communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2017
Preliminary work done in the soils of Green Lakes Valley (GLV) has shown that the microbial communities are generally carbon and phosphorus limited. While most working examining nutrient limitations in GLV has focused on the terrestrial environment, the aquatic environments lack the same study. Longterm monitoring of the lakes in GLV show that there are shifts in carbon availability (quantity and quality) over course of the Colorado alpine growing season. These shifts have been attributed to changes in the source of DOC as snow packs melt out and flow rates decline in the valley altering the ratio of internal (autochthonous) to external (allochthonous) carbon input to the lakes. We examined the links between the biogeography of planktonic communities and the functional response of those communities to shifting nutrient limitations to test the idea that nutrient limitation and composition of planktonic communities are linked both temporally and spatially in GLV. We determined the composition of GLV’s planktonic communities using amplicon sequencing of the small ribosomal subunit sequences (16S, 18S rDNA) and determined nutrient limitations using extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) assays to examine if communities shifted in conjunction with shifts in EEA. We observed that shifting composition in the planktonic communities of GLV mirrored shifts in nutrient limitation (primarily carbon and phosphorus limitation) over the course of the alpine growing season. Alpine and sub-alpine lakes showed opposite trends in the EEA of carbon acquisition enzymes while all lakes showed high activity for phosphorus acquisition enzymes. The planktonic communities were consistently phosphorus limited throughout the study, but carbon limitation was relieved in the alpine lakes as the season progressed while sub-alpine lakes became more carbon limited. The most likely mechanism behind the observed shifts in carbon limitation are the previously studied shifts where DOC is sourced in the va
Macroinvertebrate trait, abundance and site quality data from the Green Lakes Valley, 2018
This research was conducted to get a sense of the current spatial distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates among various aquatic habitats throughout the Green Lakes Valley. Benthic macroinvertebrates are small organisms that lack a backbone (invertebrate), live on the bottom (benthic), and are visible with the naked eye (macro). To estimate the community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates communities, 53 benthic macroinvertebrate samples were collected over the summer of 2018 from three alpine lakes and two streams in the Green Lakes Valley, CO at multiple points throughout the season. Benthic macroinvertebrates were sampled from the shoreline, inlet (inflow of water), and outlet (outflow of water) of each sampled lake, alongside estimates for habitat quality like surrounding vegetation, temperature (C°), rock volume (L), nitrate (mg/L,) pH, and dissolved oxygen saturation. The methods from this survey are broadly consistent with historic surveys ranging from 1960 to 1987 that have also sought to characterize aquatic invertebrate community composition within the Green Lakes Valley (Bushnell et al. 1987 The Great Basin Naturalist).
Genetic survey of bacterioplankton communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2014 - 2017
Previous work has shown high-elevation ecosystems are especially susceptible to the effects of climate change, but little work has been done on microbial communities in high-elevation aquatic systems. Therefore, my research aimed to improve our understanding of the composition, stability, and factors controlling microbial communities in high-elevation lakes in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I studied seasonal and inter-annual variations in bacterial (16S rDNA) and eukaryotic (18S rDNA) microbial communities at multiple locations (inlet, outlet, three depths in the water column) within alpine lakes over four years (2014-2017). Communities significantly differed between lake inlets and the lakes as a whole across sampling dates. The most significant variable controlling 16S and 18S community composition was lake discharge rate, indicating that water residence times play a strong role in structuring communities.
Genetic survey of eukaryotic plankton communities of aquatic habitats in Green Lakes Valley, 2014 - 2017
Previous work has shown high-elevation ecosystems are especially susceptible to the effects of climate change, but little work has been done on microbial communities in high-elevation aquatic systems. Therefore, my research aimed to improve our understanding of the composition, stability, and factors controlling microbial communities in high-elevation lakes in the Front Range of the Colorado Rocky Mountains. I studied seasonal and inter-annual variations in bacterial (16S rDNA) and eukaryotic (18S rDNA) microbial communities at multiple locations (inlet, outlet, three depths in the water column) within alpine lakes over four years (2014-2017). Communities significantly differed between lake inlets and the lakes as a whole across sampling dates. The most significant variable controlling 16S and 18S community composition was lake discharge rate, indicating that water residence times play a strong role in structuring communities.
Benthos data from the Green Lakes Valley Flowage System, 1981 - 1982
Data were collected on benthic invertebrates in the Green Lakes flowage system during 1981 and 1982. Benthic organisms have been studied in terms of taxonomic community structure, diversity, and seasonal changes using rock-picking techniques in the lakes and Surber-sampling methods in the streams. Preliminary examination suggests a high degree of similarity in faunal components between years. In general, more taxa were found in streams than in lakes and there was a slight decrease in the number of taxa at most sites as elevation increased except for simuliids and chironomids in Stream 5. This trend was not noted for the Surber samples.
Wetlands litter decomposition data for Green Lakes Valley, 1986 - 1994.
Long-term observations on decomposition of refractory willow leaves and twigs, Carex leaves, and filter paper began in 1986. Litter-bag experiments using pre-abscission willow leaves began in 1988.
Soil chemical and physical property data for Green Lakes Valley, 1982 - 1983.
The genesis and water chemistry of two soil catenas and mineralogy of eolian dust were studied to evaluate the capacity of these soils to buffer acid conditions. Field and laboratory analyses of 50 soil pits and three eolian dust traps indicated that the surface horizons are mainly eolian dust accumulation and the subsurface horizons differed in texture, organic carbon percentage, bulk density, pH, concentration of soluble and exchangeable ions, dissolved organic carbon, and distribution and concentration of clay materials. The chemistry and mineralogy of the eolian dust resemble those of the surface horizons. Calcite, which increases soil buffering capacity, was found in the eolian dust. The eolian calcite probably comes from western Colorado, where limestone exposures are common. This natural liming process may reduce effects of acid rain on the aquatic system.
Snow pit chemistry data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - 2000.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles in order to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season. Snow samples were collected and analyzed for cations and anions at the Mountain Research Station's Kiowa Laboratory.
Lake water quality, chemistry and zooplankton composition for 16 lakes surrounding the Green Lakes Valley, 2016
This dataset contains water chemistry measurements made from 16 different lakes north and south of LTER site in the green lakes valley. At each visit water samples were collected for analysis of chlorophyll a and nutrient analysis and field measurements were recorded for pH, temperature, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), % saturation, secchi depth, PAR. Secchi depth was measured using a 30cm disk to the nearest 0.25 meter and here recorded at the 0m row in the data file however it is a measurement of depth and so the units are meters. Most samples were collected between 0900 and 1300 MST. The first sampling date occurred shortly after lake had become ice free and then if the lake was at least 3 meters deep it was re-surveyed at approximately 2 week intervals. All data are collected from an inflatable raft at the point of deepest depth. All water samples were taken at the surface (0m), and the hypolimnion (about 2m above the lake sediment) using a Van Dorne sampler. Chlorophyll-a was extracted from water sample filters and absorbance was measured before and after acidification to quantify chlorophyll a concentration. Field measurements were conducted using a YSI either DO or multiple probe meter (YSI MPS 556) and a Li-Cor meter with a quantum sensor. Zooplankton samples were collected opportunistically 3 times throughout the summer, once immediately after ice-out and two more times with at least 14 days bewteen each subsequent visit. Zooplankton were sampled at the deepest location of each lake by pulling a conical net (Wisconsin net) vertically through the water column (i.e., vertical tow sample). The Wisconsin net is 0.9m long with an opening of an inner diameter of 0.2m and a mesh size of 80um. The vertical tow samples are taken from approximately 0.5 m off the lake bottom. After the net is raised and the sides rinsed, the sample is transferred to a 250 mL jar and preserved in a solution of 80% Ethanol. Jars are labeled with date (yyyy-mm-dd), time hh:
Physiological stress of pika for Niwot Ridge, Green Lakes Valley and Brainard Lake Recreation Area, 2017
During the spring and fall of 2017 we collected fecal samples to evaluate physiological stress within American pika (Ochotona princeps) populations occupying different sites on and near Niwot Ridge. By using non-invasive methods to collect fecal samples from pikas in the field, we were able to measure baseline stress hormone (glucocorticoid) metabolites in individuals. Fresh fecal samples deposited in traps by trapped pikas were paired with fresh fecal samples collected from the territory in which the same pika was trapped. Fresh fecal samples were also collected from plot surveys and other locations during the 2017 Niwot Ridge pika survey. Along with pika occupancy surveys, surveys of physiological stress have the potential to explain patterns of pika distribution across the landscape.
Talus microbes and plant assessment for the upper Green Lake Valley from 2007 to 2008.
It is increasingly recognized that species distributions are driven by both abiotic factors and biotic interactions. Despite much recent work incorporating competition, predation, and mutualism into species distribution models (SDMs), the focus has been confined to aboveground macroscopic interactions. Biotic interactions between plants and soil microbial communities are understudied as potentially important drivers of plant distributions. Some soil bacteria promote plant growth by cycling nutrients, while others are pathogenic; thus they have a high potential for influencing plant occurrence. We investigated the influence of soil bacterial clades on the distributions of bryophytes and 12 vascular plant species in a high elevation talus-field ecosystem in the Rocky Mountain Front Range, Colorado, USA. We used an information- theoretic criterion (AICc) modeling approach to compare SDMs with the following different sets of predictors: abiotic variables, abiotic variables and other plant abundances, abiotic variables and soil bacteria clade relative abundances, and a full model with abiotic factors, plant abundances, and bacteria relative abundances. We predicted that bacteria would influence plant distributions both positively and negatively, and that these interactions would improve prediction of plant species distributions. We found that inclusion of either plant or bacteria biotic predictors generally improved the fit, deviance explained, and predictive power of the SDMs, and for the majority of the species, adding information on both other plants and bacteria yielded the best model. Interactions between the modeled species and biotic predictors were both positive and negative, suggesting the presence of competition, parasitism, and facilitation. While our results indicate that plant–plant co-occurrences are a stronger driver of plant distributions than plant–bacteria co-occurrences, they also show that bacteria can explain parts of plant distributions that remain
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