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64 results for “Green Lake Valley”
Stream and lake water chemistry data for Green Lakes Valley, 1998 - ongoing.
This is a summary of major ion concentrations for lake water at selected depths as well as for the inlets and outlets of Green Lakes 1, 4, and Lake Albion. On some occasions the same samples were also taken from other lakes in the Green Lakes Valley, such as Green Lakes 2, 3 and 5.
Lake ice clearance and formation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1968 - ongoing.
Records were based on intermittent observation of the extent of ice cover on Silver Lake, Lake Albion, and Green Lakes 1-5, dependent on observers present for other reasons (or in some cases from photos or satellite data). Dates of freeze-up (formation), breakup (first melt or open water), and lake-ice clearance were recorded, along with visual estimates of percent ice cover at various dates prior to complete meltout in spring. The latter estimates are only included starting in 2019.
Water quality data for Green Lakes Valley, 2000 - ongoing.
This dataset contains water quality measurements made on Green Lakes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and Lake Albion. Green Lake 4 was initially sampled in 2000 and is ongoing. Ongoing sampling of Green Lakes 1 was started in 2014 and ongoing sampling of Lake Albion was started in 2016. Water samples were collected for analysis of chlorophyll a and nutrient analysis (which is available in glvwatsolu.dm.data) and field measurements for pH, temperature, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen (DO), % saturation, secchi depth, PAR. Secchi depth is recorded at the 0m row however it is a measurement of depth and so the units are meters. Most samples were collected between 0800 and 1200 MST. The first sampling date each summer occurs shortly after the ice had melted. Data are collected from an inflatable raft at the point of deepest depth or from the lake inlet and outlet when surface flow is present. The majority of chlorophyll-a the measurements were taken at the surface (0m), the metalimnion (3m), and the hypolimnion nine (usually 8-11m). However, additional measurements were taken for side projects of the long-term dataset during several of the years and are included in this dataset. Water samples from the metalimnion or hypolimnion were collected using a Van Dorne sampler, and surface samples were collected as grab samples from the water column surface, the inlet and outlet. Field measurements were conducted using a YSI either DO or multiple probe meter (2014-2017, YSI MPS 556)(2018-ongoing, YSI ProPlus) and a Li-Cor meter with a quantum sensor. Chlorophyll-a was extracted from filtered samples and absorbance was measured before and after acidification to quantify chlorophyll a concentration.
Pika habitat occupancy survey data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2016 - ongoing
Long-term monitoring of habitat occupancy can reveal patterns of habitat use, population dynamics, and factors controlling species distribution. The American pika (Ochotona princeps), a small mammal found in rocky habitats throughout western North America, has been targeted for occupancy studies due to its relatively conspicuous behavior and its unusual adaptations for surviving long, cold winters without hibernation. These adaptations include an unusually high resting metabolic rate and maintenance of body temperatures near the lethal maximum for this species, which would appear to compromise the pika's ability to survive warmer summers. Recent monitoring as well as projections based on future climate scenarios have suggested this species is experiencing a period of range retraction due to warming summers and/or loss of insulating winter snow cover. Niwot Ridge is situated ideally to test competing hypotheses about the trajectory and drivers of pika range shift. The pika is still common throughout the Colorado Rockies, but published models differ markedly regarding projections of the pika’s future distribution in this region. Niwot Ridge has experienced warmer summers as well as shorter periods of insulating snow cover in recent years, and there is evidence that pikas are now less common than they once were in at least one area on the ridge. This study is designed to provide robust data on pika population trends through long-term monitoring of occupancy in a spatially balanced random sample of pika habitat patches centered on Niwot Ridge. Survey plots (n = 72) were selected according to a Generalized Random-Tessellation Stratified (GRTS) algorithm, stratified dichotomously by elevation, average annual snow accumulation (SWE), and probabilities of pika occurrence based on previous data. Each plot extends 12 m in radius from a GRTS point. To ensure that each plot contains at least 10% cover of talus, plot coordinates were adjusted (usually less than 50 m) or replaced
Mercury in soil, vegetation, and organisms across Niwot Ridge, Saddle Catchment, and Green Lakes Valley, 2020 - 2023.
This dataset includes soil, vegetation, water, atmospheric deposition, litterfall, incubation, and organism data from the Niwot Ridge, Saddle Catchment, and Green Lakes Valley collected during 2020 and 2021 to investigate the storage, transformation, and mobilization of mercury in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. During Summer 2020, we collected soil cores (10cm x 3cm) across vegetation plant functional groups in wet meadows, moist meadows, dry meadows, krummholz, subalpine forest, shrub areas, as well as at the inlet and outlet of the Green Lakes in Green Lakes Valley. At each of these sites, we collected leaves from forbs, graminoids, and shrubs, as well as litter (and moss if present). For organisms, we sampled pika hairs from nine different pika trapped on the West Knoll, in addition to caddisfly pupae found in wet meadows in the Saddle Catchment. We analyzed hairs from weasel specimens at the CU Boulder Natural History Museum that were trapped either on, or near, Niwot Ridge. Finally, we analyzed dust samples collected by Dr. Ruth Heindel in 2018 and 2019 on Niwot Ridge. We analyzed soil samples for organic matter; pH; water content; percent carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur; stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes; total mercury; and methylmercury. We analyzed vegetation samples for percent carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur; stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotopes; total mercury; and methylmercury. We analyzed organism and dust samples for total mercury and methylmercury. During Spring 2021, we collected composite snow cores from 4 sites in the Saddle region and 3 sites in the subalpine forest. We measured snow depth and density to calculate snow water equivalent and then analyzed these samples for sulfate, nitrate, chloride, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved organic nitrogen, total mercury, and methylmercury concentrations. During Summer 2021, we collected soil cores (10cm x 3cm) every other week from June through September from a solifluction lobe, alpine wet
Plant species list for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1970 - ongoing.
A plant species list was created for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley from species identified in those areas by NWT scientists, working primarily at the Saddle and Martinelli sites. Additions to this list included species identified by Komarkova (1979) in the Indian Peaks Wilderness area but not on Niwot Ridge or in the Green Lakes Valley because of the likelihood that those species might exist within the LTER research area. Additions to the list were also provided by Terry Theodose, Leeanne Lestak, Teresa Nettleton, Susan Sherrod, Laura Mujica-Crapanzano (2004), Hope Humphries (2006), and Jane G. Smith (2019-2025). The list was revised to remove duplicate entries, correct typos, and resolve synonymy problems. Species and non-species categories received USDA PLANTS database names and codes.
Zooplankton community composition and trait data for Green Lakes Valley, 2009 - ongoing.
Starting in 2012 zooplankton sampling at Green Lake 4 was included in the long term monitoring data set at Niwot Ridge. Immediately after the ice has completely melted from the lakes, zooplankton samples are taken once a week for six consecutive weeks at the deepest portion of the lake from an inflatable raft. Zooplankton were sampled at the deepest location of each lake by pulling a conical net (Wisconsin net) vertically through the water column (i.e., vertical tow sample). For each zooplankton sample obtained, adult organisms were identified to species, or lowest taxonomic level (Chydoridae sp. and Bosminidae sp.). Larvae of cladocerans were counted together as neonates; calanoid and cyclopoid copepodites were counted together as nauplii. Individual body lengths of the first 50 -100 (when possible) individuals of each taxon were recorded using a calibrated eyepiece micrometer and means reported.
Time lapse camera photos for Green Lakes Valley, 2011 - ongoing.
Time lapse photography is a powerful tool to detect seasonal and interannual change in remote locations. In 2008, a time lapse camera was installed at Niwot Ridge, below D1, with a view overlooking Green Lake 4. The resulting photos give a view into the seasonal evolution of ice and snow cover over the Green Lakes Valley.
Snow water equivalent data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. This dataset contains derived values of SWE from snow profile measurements.
Snow grain data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1995 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season.
Snow cover profile data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - ongoing.
Snow pits were excavated at various locations on Niwot Ridge and within the Green Lakes Valley. Temperature and snow density were measured at various depths throughout the snow cover profiles to characterize the temperature and snow water equivalent (SWE) of the snowpack throughout the year. Snow density was measured at 10-cm intervals using a 1000-ml cutter. Data on snow grain qualities were collected beginning in the 1994-95 snow season.
Spatial distribution of snow depth for the Green Lakes Valley, 1997 - 2019
Climate warming represents an abiotic driver for change in alpine ecosystems, potentially altering the seasonal snowpack and thus water availability into the surrounding landscape. Future changes in snow accumulation and snowmelt distribution may have profound impacts on the flora and fauna of alpine ecosystems. In this regard, recent research has leveraged multi-year estimates of the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE) toward understanding alpine ecosystem function. The purpose of this project is to investigate the spatial variability of maximum snow depth at Niwot Ridge on an inter-annual basis.
Annual snow survey, Green Lakes Valley, Niwot Ridge, Colorado, 2013 - ongoing.
Yearly snow surveys were conducted in the Green Lakes Valley in the City of Boulder Watershed at the estimated peak of snowpack in late spring. Over a period of several days, surveying teams (1 to several people) traversed valley slopes measuring snow depth with avalanche probes. Locations of each depth measurement were recorded as waypoints in Garmin hand-held GPS units. Snow depths were recorded on standardized field sheets along with dates, recorder names, waypoint numbers, and comments.
Mean snowpack ablation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1969 - 2005.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was estimated on a biweekly to weekly basis in the Green Lakes Valley during the summer months. Poles were driven into the snowpack to form transects in several snow-accumulation areas (east face of Arikaree Peak, talus on the north side of Kiowa Peak, rock glacier/wetland between Green Lakes 4 and 5, Arikaree Glacier, Green Lakes 4 and 5, and the Martinelli basin). The height difference (cm) between the snow surface and the top of each pole was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole was driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Transect snowpack ablation data for Green Lakes Valley, 1993 - 2005.
Lowering of the snowpack surface by ablation (melt) was estimated on a biweekly to weekly basis in the Green Lakes Valley during the summer months. Poles were driven into the snowpack to form transects in several snow-accumulation areas (Arikaree Glacier, Green Lakes 4 and 5, and the Martinelli basin). The height difference (cm) between the snow surface and the top of each pole was recorded. On the subsequent visit the new height difference was recorded and the pole was driven into the snow and the reset height was recorded. Poles in a given transect were relocated as necessary during the course of the season.
Water oxygen-18 and deuterium data for Green Lakes Valley, 1989 - 1990.
Isotopic signatures of deuterium and delta-O18 ratios were determined for surface flow, groundwater, and precipitation samples collected from within the Green Lakes Valley in 1990. Surface water was collected from lake inlets, lake outlets, and streams. Groundwater was collected in zero-tension and tension samplers at several depths from within several soil series and topographic situations.
Deschampsia biomass, soil microbes and endophyte root colonization for snowmelt and microbial innoculation transplant experiment in the Green Lakes Valley, 2015-2018
As organisms shift their geographic distributions in response to climate change, biotic interactions have emerged as an important factor driving the rate and success of range expansions. Plant-microbe interactions are an understudied but potentially important factor governing plant range shifts. We studied the distribution and function of microbes present in high-elevation unvegetated soils, areas that plants are colonizing as climate warms, snow melts earlier and the summer growing season lengthens. Using a manipulative snowpack and microbial inoculation transplant experiment, we tested the hypothesis that growing season length and microbial community composition interact to control plant elevational range shifts. We predicted that a lengthening growing season combined with dispersal to patches of soils with more mutualistic microbes and fewer pathogenic microbes would facilitate plant survival and growth in previously unvegetated areas. We identified negative effects on survival of the common alpine bunchgrass Deschampsia cespitosa in both short and long growing seasons, suggesting an optimal growing season length for plant survival in this system that balances time for growth with soil moisture levels. Importantly, growing season length and microbes interacted to affect plant survival and growth, such that microbial community composition increased in importance in suboptimal growing season lengths. Further, plants grown with microbes from unvegetated soils grew as well or better than plants grown with microbes from vegetated soils. These results suggest that the rate and spatial extent of plant colonization of unvegetated soils in mountainous areas experiencing climate change could depend on both growing season length and soil microbial community composition, with microbes potentially playing more important roles as growing seasons lengthen.
Pond environmental and taxonomic data for Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley, 2021 - ongoing.
This is a summary of basic environmental data and benthic macroinvertebrates from water in ponds in the vicinity of the Niwot Ridge LTER. Ponds were selected across a range of elevations, sizes, and positions relative to glacial, stream, and lake water sources. Ponds sampled occurred on Niwot Ridge and throughout the Green Lakes Valley.
Benthic macroinvertebrate, water temperature, and stream environmental data for Green Lakes Valley, 2021.
This dataset contains stream benthic macroinvertebrate community structure data from nine sites in the Green Lakes Valley ranging from below treeline near Albion Camp to the outflow of the Arikaree Glacier, all sampled in summer of 2021. The dataset also contains files with stream environmental data related to substrate stability, periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations, and water temperatures.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes root colonization in Upper Green Lakes Valley, 2007-2016
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE) are two fungal groups that colonize plant roots and can benefit plant growth, but little is known about their landscape distributions. We performed sequencing and microscopy on a variety of plants across a high-elevation landscape featuring plant density, snowpack, and nutrient gradients. Percent colonization by both AMF and DSE varied significantly among plant species, and DSE colonized forbs and grasses more than sedges. AMF were more abundant in roots at lower elevation areas with lower snowpack and lower phosphorus and nitrogen levels, suggesting increased hyphal recruitment by plants to aid in nutrient uptake. DSE colonization was highest in areas with less snowpack and higher inorganic nitrogen levels, suggesting an important role for these fungi in mineralizing organic nitrogen. Both of these groups of fungi are likely to be important for plant fitness and establishment in areas limited by phosphorus and nitrogen.
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