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158 results for “Group Size”
Lion pride size versus feeding group size
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Causal evidence for social group sizes from Wikipedia editing data
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Body size divergence in the Plestiodon skiltonianus group
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Global contemporary effective population sizes across taxonomic groups
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Using unoccupied aerial vehicles to estimate availability and group size error for aerial surveys of coastal dolphins
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Data and original code for: Polarization and reflectance are linked to climate, size and mechanistic constraints in a group of scarab beetles
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Data from: Co-occurrence between size groups within populations decreases with maximum body size across marine fish populations
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Data from: Effects of female group size on the number of males in blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) groups
<p>The number of males per group varies substantially in group-living primates, both between and within species. In blue monkeys (<i>Cercopithecus mitis</i>), males may temporarily join groups during annual mating seasons when sexually receptive females are present. A likely determinant of the number of males per group is female group size (the number of adult females in a group). To clarify the role of female group size in driving variation in the number of males per group, we expanded on earlier observations of a wild population in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya with a larger sample of groups that varied five-fold in female group size. We found considerable flexibility in social organization, with groups experiencing multi-male episodes both during and outside mating seasons, some persisting over multi-year periods. The dichotomy between single- and multi-male mating seasons was less distinct than previously reported, suggesting greater variation in multi-male states. Across 65 group-specific conception periods, female group size strongly influenced how often multiple sexually active females and multiple males were present in a group. The number of sexually active females present on a given day related closely to the number of males in the group that same day, especially during conception periods. Results suggest that males join and remain in larger groups where mating opportunities are greater and costs of joining or staying may be lower than in smaller groups. This longitudinal study highlights intraspecific social variation within and across groups while confirming that female group size influences the number of males.</p>
Size-selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
<p>1. Intensive and trait-selective mortality of fish and wildlife can cause evolutionary changes in a range of life-history and behavioral traits. These changes might in turn alter the circadian system due to coevolutionary mechanisms or correlated selection responses both at behavioral and molecular levels, with knock-on effects on daily physiological processes and behavioral outputs.</p> <p>2. We examined the evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a model fish species. We exposed zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) to either large or small size-selective harvesting relative to a control over five generations, followed by eight generations during which harvesting halted to remove maternal effects.</p> <p>3. Size-selective mortality affected fine-scale timing of behaviors. In particular, small size-selective mortality, typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes, increased group risk-taking behavior during feeding and after simulated predator attacks. Moreover, small size-selective mortality increased early peaks of daily activity as well as extended self-feeding daily activity to the photophase compared to controls. By contrast large size-selective mortality, typical of most wild capture fisheries, only showed an almost significant effect of decreasing group risk-taking behavior during the habituation phase and no clear changes in fine-scale timing of daily behavioral rhythms compared to controls.</p> <p>4. We also found changes in the molecular circadian core clockwork in response to both size selective mortality treatments. These changes disappeared in the clock output pathway because both size-selected lines showed similar transcription profiles. This switch downstream to the molecular circadian core clockwork also resulted in similar overall behavioral rhythms (diurnal swimming and self-feeding in the last hours of darkness) independent of the underlying molecular clock.</p> <p>5. To conclude, our experimental harvest left an asymmetrical evolutionary legacy in group risk-taking behavior and in fine-scale daily behavioral rhythms. Yet, the overall timing of activity showed evolutionary resistance probably maintained by a molecular switch. Our experimental findings suggest that size-selective mortality can have consequences for behavior and physiological processes.</p>
Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
<p>Sex allocation theory predicts that the optimal sexual resource allocation of simultaneous hermaphrodites is affected by mating group size (MGS). Although the original concept assumes that the MGS does not differ between male and female functions, the MGS in the male function (MGSm; i.e., the number of sperm recipients the focal individual can deliver its sperm to plus one) and that in the female function (MGSf; the number of sperm donors plus one) do not always coincide and may differently affect the optimal sex allocation. Moreover, reproductive costs can be split into "variable" (e.g., sperm and eggs) and "fixed" (e.g., genitalia) costs, but these have been seldom distinguished in empirical studies. We examined the effects of MGSm and MGSf on the fixed and variable reproductive investments in the sessilian barnacle <i>Balanus rostratus</i>. The results showed that MGSm had a positive effect on sex allocation, whereas MGSf had a nearly significant negative effect. Moreover, the "fixed" cost varied with body size and both aspects of MGS. We argue that the two aspects of MGS should be distinguished for organisms with unilateral mating.</p>
data and code from: Submissive behaviour is affected by group size in a social fish
<p>This repository contains data on individual aggression and submissive behaviour, collected during laboratory observations of agonistic interactions within <em>Neolamprologus pulcher </em>daffodil cichlids social groups, and the R code used to analyse the data.</p>
Figure 2 in Feeding ecology of vimba (Vimba vimba L., 1758) in terms of size groups and seasons in Lake Sapanca, northwestern Anatolia
Figure 2. The relationship between temperature and GFI of V. vimba monthly in Lake Sapanca.
Ecogeography of group size suggests differences in drivers of sociality among cooperatively breeding fairywrens
Cooperatively breeding species exhibit a range of social behaviours associated with different costs and benefits to group living, often in association with different environmental conditions. For example, recent phylogenetic studies have collectively shown that the evolution and distribution of cooperative breeding behaviour is related to the environment. However, little is known about how environmental variation may drive differences in social systems across populations within species, and how the relationship between environmental conditions and sociality may differ across species. Here, we examine variation in social group size along a steep environmental gradient for two congeneric cooperatively breeding species of fairywrens (Maluridae) and show that they exhibit opposing ecogeographic patterns. Purple-backed fairywrens, a species in which helpers increase group productivity, have larger groups in hot, dry environments and smaller groups in cool, wet environments. By contrast, superb fairywrens, a species with helpers that do not increase group productivity despite the presence of alloparental care, exhibit the opposite trend. We suggest differences in the costs and benefits of sociality contribute to these opposing ecogeographical patterns and demonstrate that comparisons of intraspecific patterns of social variation across species can provide insight into how ecology shapes social systems.
Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size
<p>Data supporting "Nematode biomass changes along an elevational gradient are trophic group dependent but independent of body size"</p>
Data for: Guppies in large groups cooperate more frequently in an experimental test of the group size paradox
<p><span class="s6">The volunteer's dilemma, in which a single individual is required to produce a public good, predicts that individuals in larger groups will cooperate less frequently. Mechanistically, this could result from trade-offs between costs associated with volunteering and costs incurred if the public good is not produced (nobody volunteers). During predator inspection, one major contributor to the cost of volunteering is likely increased probability of predation; however, a predator also poses a risk to all individuals if nobody inspects. We tested the prediction that guppies in larger groups will inspect a predator less than those in smaller groups. We also predicted that individuals in larger groups would perceive less threat from the predator stimulus because of the protective benefits of larger groups (</span><span class="s6">e.g.</span><span class="s6"> dilution). Contrary to prediction, we found that individuals in large groups inspected more frequently than those in smaller groups </span><span class="s6">but</span><span class="s6"> (as predicted) spent less time in refuges. There was evidence that individuals in intermediate-sized groups made the fewest inspections and spent the most time in refuges, suggesting that any link between group size, risk and cooperation is not driven by simple dilution. Extensions of theoretical models that capture these dynamics will likely be broadly applicable to risky cooperative behaviour.</span></p>
Ecogeography of group size suggests differences in drivers of sociality among cooperatively breeding fairywrens
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Data from: Guppies in large groups cooperate more frequently in an experimental test of the group size paradox
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Different effects of mating group size as male and as female on sex allocation in a simultaneous hermaphrodite
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Michener’s group-size paradox in cooperatively breeding birds
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Data from: Successional loss of two key food tree species best explains decline in group size of Panamanian howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.