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FIGURE 4. Representative Lauraceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 4. Representative Lauraceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Lindera sp. leaf (UF 19210–062072), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Extant Lindera leaf from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 4.1, scale bar equals 1 cm. 3. Persea sp. leaf (UF 19210–062073), scale bar equals 1 cm. 4. Sassafras albidum leaf (UF 19210–062074), scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Close-up of Figure 4.1 Lindera leaf showing high order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 6. Close-up of Figure 4.3 Persea leaf showing high order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 8 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 8. Representative Sapindaceae (continued), Smilicaceae, and Ulmaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Acer cf. saccharinum partial leaf (UF 19315–062088), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Smilax sp. partial leaf (UF 19413– 062089), scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Close-up of Figure 8.2 Smilax leaf showing higher order venation details, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 4. Ulmus sp. leaf (UF 19413–062090), scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Close-up of Figure 8.4 Ulmus leaf showing margin details and multiple orders of teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 7. Representatives Rosaceae (continued), Salicaceae, Rutaceae, and Sapindaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Extant Crataegus floridana from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 6. 7, scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Rubus sp. leaf (UF 19413–062083), scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Ptelea cf. trifoliata leaf (UF 19210– 062084), scale bar equals 5 mm. 4. Salix sp. leaf (UF 19210–062085), scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Close-up of Figure 7.4 Salix leaf margin showing salicoid teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 6. Acer cf. rubrum basal portion of leaf (UF 19210–062087), scale bar equals 1 cm. 7. Acer cf. rubrum leaf (UF 19210–062086), scale bar equals 1 cm. 8. Extant Acer rubrum USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 7.6–7, scale bar equals 1 cm.

FIGURE 3 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 3. Representative Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation (continued). 1. Carya cf. aquatica leaflet (UF 19315–062069), scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Epifluorescence micrograph of leaf from Figure 3.1, note peltate hairs, scale bar equals 125 µm. 3. Carya cf. tomentosa leaflet (UF 19315–062070), scale bar equals 2 cm. 4. Carya species #3 partial leaflet (UF 19210–062071), scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Carya cf. aquatica leaf margin of Figure 3.1, scale bar equals 2.5 mm, 6. Carya cf. tomentosa leaf margin of Figure 3.2, scale bar equals 5 mm. 7. Carya species #3 of Figure 3.4 leaf margin, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

FIGURE 2. Representative Aquifoliaceae through Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 2. Representative Aquifoliaceae through Juglandaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Ilex sp. leaf (UF 19210–062063), scale bar equals 5 mm. 2. Clethra cf. alnifolia (UF 19210–062064) partial leaf, arrow indicates mucronate tooth apex, scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Close-up of Figure 2.2 Clethra leaf, note mixed-percurrent tertiaries, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 4. Extant Clethra alnifolia leaf from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 2.2, scale bar equals 5 mm. 5. Gaylussacia sp. leaf (UF 19315–062065), scale bar equals 5 mm. 6. Extant Gaylussacia sp. from USAM herbarium for comparison with Figure 2.5, scale bar equals 5 mm. 7. Vaccinium sp. leaf (UF 19315–062066), scale bar equals 5 mm. 8. Close-up of Vaccinium leaf margin from Figure 2.7 showing teeth, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 9. Carya fruit (UF 19315 – 062068), scale bar equals 5 mm. 10. Carya sp. catkin with in situ pollen (UF 19315 – 062067), scale bar equals 5 mm. 11. Carya sp. pollen tetrad from specimen in Figure 2.10, scale bar equals 10 µm.

FIGURE 6 in New plant fossil records and paleoclimate analyses of the late Pliocene Citronelle Formation flora, U.S. Gulf Coast

FIGURE 6. Representative Oleaceae (continued), Platanaceae, and Roseaceae from the Citronelle Formation. 1. Fraxinus leaflet (UF 19210–062078), scale bar equals 1 cm. 2. Close-up of Figure 6.1 Fraxinus leaflet showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 5 mm. 3. Platanus occidentalis leaf (UF 19210–062079), scale bar equals 1 cm. 4. Platanus occidentalis fruit (UF 19211–062080), showing persistent style at arrow, scale bar equals 1 cm. 5. Crataegus leaf species 1 (UF19315–062081) similar to C. spatulatha, scale bar equals 5 mm. 6. Close-up of Figure 6.5 Crataegus leaf showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm. 7. Crataegus species #2 leaf (UF 19210–062082), wedge-shaped lamina similar to C. floridana, compare with Figure 7.1, scale bar equals 5 mm. 8. Close-up of Figure 6.7 Crataegus leaf showing higher order venation, scale bar equals 2.5 mm.

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Offshore wind turbine damage probability maps and hub height TC wind speeds for U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts exposed to historical and future tropical cyclones

Damage probability maps for offshore wind turbines exposed to tropical cyclones (TCs) under both historical and future climate scenarios along the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts are presented in this dataset. TCs are generated using <a href="../records/10392725" target="_blank" rel="noopener">The Risk Analysis Framework for Tropical Cyclones (RAFT)</a>, forced by <a href="https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">CMIP6</a> historical and future global climate simulations. Maximum wind speeds for 20- and 50-year TCs are processed through a <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148120311423">fragility function</a> specific to offshore wind (OSW) turbines in order to estimate the probability of damage – specifically yielding and buckling – based on wind speed intensity.  Included data: <ul> <li>TC wind speeds: Peak 10-min mean hub height (90m) TC wind speed maps</li> <li>Damage states: Yielding and Buckling probability maps for OSW turbines</li> <li>Geographic coverage: U.S. Atlantic and Gulf Coasts (up to 200km from the shoreline)</li> <li>Time periods: Historic (1980-2014) and Future (2066-2100)</li> </ul> Methodology: <ul> <li>Tropical cyclone simulation: The RAFT TC model is used to simulate storms for historical and future climates using CMIP6 environmental conditions.</li> <li>TC impact metric: Wind speeds associated with 20- and 50-year return period TCs are used to estimate the aerodynamic and sea wave loading on OSW turbines.</li> <li>Fragility functions: Wind speeds are input into a fragility function developed for OSW turbines, estimating the probability of yielding and buckling damage.</li> <li>Damage probability maps: The results consist of eight (8) gridded damage probability maps representing the likelihoods of yielding and buckling to OSW turbines from 20- and 50-year TCs under historical and future climatic conditions.</li> </ul> Potential Uses: <ul> <li>Assessing the spatial vulnerability of OSW infrastructure to TCs</li> <li>Supporting decision-making for the design and siting of turbines</li> <li>Evaluating the impact of climate change on the risk of damage to OSW infrastructure</li> </ul> For further insights into this dataset, users are encouraged to refer to the associated paper: <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01887-6">https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01887-6</a> This dataset offers valuable insights into the potential impact of TCs on offshore wind infrastructure, aiding in risk assessment and resilience planning for the renewable energy sector.

Fig. 123 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 123. Reesidites minimus (Hayasaka and Fukada, 1951). A, B. USNM 414511, from locality 43. C, D. USNM 414510, from locality 51. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 124 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 124. External suture of Reesidites minimus (Hayasaka and Fukada, 1951). USNM 414511, from locality 43.

Fig. 122 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 122. External suture of Prionocyclites mite Kennedy, 1988. Holotype, USNM 420144, from locality 63.

Fig. 120. Prionocyclus pluricostatus n in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 120. Prionocyclus pluricostatus n. sp. A. Paratype USNM 498492; B. Paratype USNM 498493; C. Paratype USNM 498494; D. Holotype USNM 498491a (left), and paratype USNM 498491b (right), all from locality 34. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 119 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 119. Prionocyclus germari (Reuss, 1845). Partial external suture of USNM 498477 from the upper Turonian P. germari Zone D Cross Tongue of the Mancos Shale at locality 60.

Fig. 111 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 111. Prionocyclus germari (Reuss, 1845). A–C. USNM 498474, gracile form from locality 58. D–F. USNM 498475, gracile form from locality 61. G, H. USNM 356922; I, J. USNM 498476, both gracile forms from locality 59. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 107 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 107. Partial external suture of Prionocyclus quadratus Cobban, 1953. USNM 498451, from the Sage Breaks Member of the Carlile Shale in the SW¼ sec. 32, T. 50N, R. 66W, Crook County, Wyoming.

Fig. 103. Prionocyclus quadratus Cobban, 1953. Holotype, USNM 108332 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 103. Prionocyclus quadratus Cobban, 1953. Holotype, USNM 108332, Sage Breaks Member of the Carlile Shale, sec. 63, T 9S, R 61E, Carter County, Montana. Figures are ×1.

Fig. 91 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 91. Prionocyclus novimexicanus (Marcou, 1858). A, B. USNM 254556, gracile form from locality 13. C, D. USNM 498431, gracile form from locality 2. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 92 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 92. Prionocyclus novimexicanus (Marcou, 1858). A–C. USNM 498432; D, E. USNM 498433; F, G. USNM 254555, all gracile forms from locality 13. H–J. USNM 498434, a gracile form from locality 24. K, L. USNM 498436, a gracile form from locality 31. M, N. USNM 498435, a gracile form from locality 13. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 82. Prionocyclus wyomingensis Meek, 1876. USNM 7729D. This specimen bears the label 7729 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 82. Prionocyclus wyomingensis Meek, 1876. USNM 7729D. This specimen bears the label 7729 in the same hand as the figured syntypes, and appears to be a previously unrecognized syntype, now paralectotype of the species. Middle Turonian Scaphites warreni Zone, Wall Creek Member of the Frontier Formation near Medicine Bow, Carbon County, Wyoming. Figure is X0.9.

Fig. 110 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 110. Prionocyclus germari (Reuss, 1845). A, B. USNM 498466, gracile form from locality 59. C, D. USNM 498467, gracile form from locality 58. E–G. USNM 498468; H, I, USNM 498469; J, K. USNM 498470, all gracile forms from locality 59. L, M. USNM 498471, gracile form from locality 60. N, O. USNM 498472, gracile form from locality 61. P, Q. USNM 498473, from locality 58. All figures are ×1.

Fig. 80. Prionocyclus wyomingensis Meek, 1876. Paralectotype, USNM 7729 in A Revision Of The Turonian Members Of The Ammonite Subfamily Collignoniceratinae From The United States Western Interior And Gulf Coast

Fig. 80. Prionocyclus wyomingensis Meek, 1876. Paralectotype, USNM 7729, middle Turonian Scaphites warreni Zone, Wall Creek Member of the Frontier Formation near Medicine Bow, Carbon County, Wyoming. Figures are X1.