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FIGURE 5 in Revision of the subgenus Neopsacas (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae, Crateromorpha) with the description of new species and subspecies

FIGURE 5. Crateromorpha (Neopsacas)) krinovi discoli ssp. nov., holotype. A, side view. Scale 10 mm. B, choanosomal discotriactin and discohexactins. C–D, atrial diactins. Scales 10 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of the subgenus Neopsacas (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae, Crateromorpha) with the description of new species and subspecies

FIGURE 4. Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) krinovi krinovi sp. nov., ssp. nov., spicules: A–B, dermal pentactins. C–D, dermal diactins. E, hypodermal pentactin. F, choanosomal stauractin. G, choanosomal diactin. H, discohexactin. I–J, discopentactins. K, discostauractin. L, discodiactin.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of the subgenus Neopsacas (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae, Crateromorpha) with the description of new species and subspecies

FIGURE 3. Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) krinovi krinovi sp. nov., ssp. nov. A, holotype, side view. Scale 20 mm. B, dermal discohexactin. C, atrial discohexactins. Scales 10 µm.

FIGURE 2 in Revision of the subgenus Neopsacas (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae, Crateromorpha) with the description of new species and subspecies

FIGURE 2. Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) variata Tabachnick, 2002, spicules: A–B, dermal pentactins. C–D, dermal diactins. E–F, atrial pentactins. G, atrial stauractin. H–J, atrial diactins. K, hypodermal pentactin. L–M, marginal hexactins. N–P, abnormal microscleres. A–K; N–P, 5/2/404. O–P, 5/2/3119.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the subgenus Neopsacas (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae, Crateromorpha) with the description of new species and subspecies

FIGURE 1. Crateromorpha (Neopsacas) variata Tabachnick, 2002, specimen IORAS 5/2/3119.: A, view from above. B, side view. Scale 40 mm. C, dermal surface with dermal net covering the subdermal cavities. Scale 5 mm. D, oxyhexasters and oxyhemihexasters, E, irregular diactin, F, onycho-discohexaster. 10 µm.

FIGURE 9 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 9. Caulophacus (Oxydiscus) weddelli (SMF 10527). A. Deck photograph. B. Dermal pinule (SEM). C. Microsclere with onychoid tip (arrow) (SEM).

FIGURE 7 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray.

FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 4. Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10524). B. & C. Paratypes, deck photos. D. Oxyhexaster (SEM). E. Anchorate hypodermalium tip (SEM). F. Segment of oxyhexaster terminal ray (SEM). G. Terminal tuft of strobiloplumicome (SEM). H. Diactine dermalium (SEM). (All spicules from holotype).

FIGURE 3 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 3. Spicules of Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS67/102-11 (SMF 10702). A. Dermal pinular hexactin and enlargements of three ray ends. B. Hexactine principalium with enlargement of ray end. C. Pentactine principalium with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Floricome (two ray sets perpendicular to the page omitted) with enlargement of terminal ray tip. F. Series of one ray sets from floricome (right), floricoid discohexaster (center) and floricoid onychohexaster (left). G. Spiroxyhexaster (rare).

FIGURE 2 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS67/102-11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM).

FIGURE 1. A in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 1. A. Acoelocalyx brucei (SMF 10530). B. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn PS67/121-7 (SMF 10521).

FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype).

FIGURE 5 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 5. Spicules of Lophocalyx profundum, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10524). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views. B. Two regular hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. C. Thick diactin with enlargements of ends. D. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of ends. E. Diactine, triactine and monactine dermalia. F. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of terminal ray segment. H. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of a terminal ray end.

FIGURE 10 in Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica

FIGURE 10. Anisodiscohexaster microscleres of (A) Rossella racovitzae (SMF 10705) and (B) Rossella nuda (SMF 10706) (SEM).

FIGURE 13 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 13. Underwater photos of Aspidoscopulia sp. from underwater Magellan Mountains R.V. 'Academic Mstyslav Keldysh' voyage 9. A, B, C, large specimens. A, some lateral oscula situated at upper part of lateral branches are seen, the fusion between the ear-like processes seems to be absent, stn. 1056, 'Pisces' XI, dive 160/9, 14°12' N 156°00.2' E, 1730 m. B, the largest specimen, fusion between the ear-like processes obviously takes place in the upper parts of the sponge, stn. 1059, 'Pisces' VII, dive 135/5, 14°12.6' N 155°58.1' E, 1780 m. C, ear-like processes develop further lobar outgrowths, stn. 1037. D, possibly a juvenile specimen of Aspidoscopulia sp., formation of ridges between the neighboring lateral branches and ear-like processes is well seen, stn. 1064, 'Pisces' VII, dive 136/6, 14°09.35' N 155°59.61' E, 1600 m. E, mass accumulation of dead fragments (main stems) of medium size specimens, stn. 1045, 'Pisces' VII, dive 133/3, 12°56.4' N 156°45.3' E, 1760 m. F, a dead, broken large specimen, the remnants of lateral oscula are seen, stn. 1059, 'Pisces' VII, dive 135/5, 14°12.56' N 155°58.1' E, 1760 m. Credit of Juri Volodin.

FIGURE 11 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 11. Aspidoscopulia aff. bisymmetrica sp. n. CALSUB, 'Cyana' submersible, dive 16, off Loyalty Islands, Northern slope of Ouvea-Lifou rise, 836? m. Bilateral symmetry is seen in the lower part of the sponge, ear-like, lamella processes form somehow irregular constructions in the upper part.

FIGURE 9 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 9. Aspidoscopulia bisymmetrica sp. n. (paratypes): loose spicules (SEM images). A, onychohexaster. B, discohexaster. C, oxyhexaster. D, secondary rays of discohexaster. E, secondary rays of onychohexaster. F–J, pileate clavule. H–K, anchorate clavules (J–K, shafts with finger-like processes). L–O, aspidoscopules. L, abnormal aspidoscopule. O, aspidoscopule with processes on the shaft. P, head of pileate clavule. Q, head of aspidoscopule. A–B, D–E, P, ZPAL Pf.22/wa75; F–H, K, Q, ZPAL Pf.22/wa86; C, I–J, L, M–O, ZPAL Pf.22/wa72.

FIGURE 4 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 4. Spicules of Aspidoscopulia tetrasymmetrica sp. n. (holotype, ZINRAS 11133): A, dermal pentactin. B, atrial pentactin. C–D, pileate clavules. E–F, anchorate clavules. G, fragment of abnormal anchorate clavule. H–I, abnormal clavules. J– L, aspidoscopules. M–O, abnormal aspidoscopules. P, tooth of aspidoscopule. Q, uncinate. R, U, oxyhexasters. S, hemioxyhexaster. T, abnormal oxyoidal microsclere. V, oxystauraster.

FIGURE 3 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 3. Aspidoscopulia tetrasymmetrica sp. n. (holotype, ZINRAS 11133): dictyonal framework (A–G) and loose spicules (H–N) (SEM images). A, longitudinal section of the upper parts of the wall, atrial cavity – left side. B, D, view from the atrial surface, upper part of the sponge. C, view from the dermal surface, upper part of the sponge. D, small hexactines associated with dictyonal framework. E, longitudinal section of the wall at base of the sponge, atrial cavity – left side. F, view from the atrial surface, base of the sponge. G, view from the dermal surface, base of the sponge. H–I, oxyhexasters. J, pileate clavule. K–L, anchorate clavules. M–N, aspidoscopules. N, abnormal aspidoscopule.

FIGURE 7 in Revision of Aspidoscopulia Reiswig, 2002 (Porifera: Hexactinellida: Farreidae) with description of two new species

FIGURE 7. The origin of equal (dichotomous) tubular branching and ear-like formation in Aspidoscopulia bisymmetrica sp. n. (developed after Reid, 1964). AI – AIII, common process of marginal growth with inward and outward flexure of segments of the growing oscula margin (AII, AIII). BIV – BV, dichotomous tubular branching. CIV – CV, formation of ear-like processes. I–IV, BA, CA, top view. BB, BV, CV, CB, side view. Lines in BA, BB, CA, CB, the courses followed by dictyonal strands. In A. bisymmetrica sp. n. all processes illustrated on this scheme take place: A, B, emission of lateral branches with lateral oscula from the main stem. A, B, lateral branch dichotomous branching into two secondary lateral branches with two secondary lateral oscula and formation of carina, A, C, lateral branch dichotomous branching into two secondary lateral oscula and formation of ear-like processes by side-by-side wall fusion. aa, atrial axis. ca, carina – line of wall joint fusion. fw, side-by-side wall fusion (ear-like processes formation). po, primary osculum. lo, (primary) lateral osculum. slo, secondary lateral osculum. I–IV, in A– V and B–V, positions of oscula margins of previous stages.