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FIGURE 6 in A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Río Paraná basin, Paraguay, with a discussion of the limits between Otothyropsis and Hisonotus

FIGURE 6. Position of truncation of mid-dorsal series of lateral plates of Otothyropsis and Hisonotus species in lateral view: (A) Otothyropsis biamnicus, MCP 37164, paratype; (B) O. polyodon, paratype, MCP 45756; (C) O. marapoama, MCP 38303, paratype; (D) O. piribebuy, MCP 44394, paratype; (E) H. francirochai, MCP 34630; (F) O. alicula, MCP 23957, paratype; (G) H. megaloplax, MCP 31779, paratype; (H) Hisonotus vireo, MCP 14619, paratype; (I) H. laevior, MCP 23854; (J) H. heterogaster, MCP 41073, paratype; (K) H. iota, MCP 40029, paratype; (L) H. leucophrys, MCP 41354, paratype. D, dorsal series of lateral plates; MD, mid-dorsal series of lateral plates; M, median series of lateral plates; MV, mid-ventral series of lateral plates; V, ventral series of lateral plates. Odontodes not shown. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Río Paraná basin, Paraguay, with a discussion of the limits between Otothyropsis and Hisonotus

FIGURE 1. Otothyropsis dialeukos, holotype, MNHNP 3880, female, 34.6 mm SL, Paraguay, Alto Paraná, Hernandarias, Itá creek at Paso Itá, Rio Paraná basin.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Río Paraná basin, Paraguay, with a discussion of the limits between Otothyropsis and Hisonotus

FIGURE 5. Boxplot of caudal-peduncle depth as percent of standard length of species currently assigned to Otothyropsis and Hisonotus. Hisonotus pachysarkos and H. paulinus not examined.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Río Paraná basin, Paraguay, with a discussion of the limits between Otothyropsis and Hisonotus

FIGURE 4. Posterolateral region of head of Otothyropsis and Hisonotus. (A) O. marapoama, MCP 42119; (B) O. biamnicus, MCP 37164; (C) H. charrua, MCP 27539; (D) H. nigricauda, MCP 26865. Dashed lines indicate position of swimbladder capsule; CPT, compound pterotic; TPCC, transverse process of the complex centrum; arrows indicate extension of compound pterotic. Scale bar = 2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Otothyropsis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper Río Paraná basin, Paraguay, with a discussion of the limits between Otothyropsis and Hisonotus

FIGURE 3. Map of southeastern South America depicting generalized distributions of species currently assigned to Otothyropsis and Hisonotus. Green: 1. Otothyropsis alicula; 2. Otothyropsis biamnicus; 3. Otothyropsis dialeukos; 4. Otothyropsis marapoama; 5. Otothyropsis piribebuy; 6. Otothyropsis polyodon; 7. Hisonotus alberti; 8. Hisonotus depressicauda; 9. Hisonotus depressinotus; 10. Hisonotus francirochai; 11. Hisonotus pachysarkos; 12. Hisonotus paulinus; 13. Hisonotus vespuccii. Purple: 14. Hisonotus aky; 15. Hisonotus armatus; 16. Hisonotus brunneus; 17. Hisonotus carreiro; 18. Hisonotus charrua; 19. Hisonotus heterogaster; 20. Hisonotus hungy; 21. Hisonotus iota; 22. Hisonotus laevior; 23. Hisonotus leucofrenatus; 24. Hisonotus leucophrys; 25. Hisonotus maculipinnis; 26. Hisonotus megaloplax; 27. Hisonotus montanus; 28. Hisonotus nigricauda; 29. Hisonotus notatus; 30. Hisonotus notopagos; 31. Hisonotus prata; 32. Hisonotus ringueleti; 33. Hisonotus taimensis; 34. Hisonotus thayeri; 35. Hisonotus vireo; 36. Hisonotus yasi. Distribution patches based on comparative material examined and on literature. Dotted blue line represents the limit between Pattern A and Pattern B areas of distribution.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Aripuanã river, Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Map showing the type locality (star) of H. jumaorum at rio Juma, tributary of rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin (7°12'43.7"S 59°55'19.6"W).

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Aripuanã river, Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Comparison of Hisonotus tooth color pattern. a) Hisonotus jumaorum sp. n., holotype, MZUSP 96785, 26.2 mm SL and b) H. chromodontus, NUP 10924, 29.7 mm SL, showing the reddish-tipped teeth; c) H. acuen, MZUSP 115350, 25.9 mm SL and d) H. vespuccii, LBP 19491, 38.0 mm SL, showing the yellow-tipped teeth.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Aripuanã river, Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Caudal-fin coloration pattern of a) Hisonotus jumaorum sp. n., holotype, MZUSP 96785, 26.2 mm SL; b) H. chromodontus, LBP7964, 27.6 mm SL; c) H. acuen, LBP 16279, 26.1 mm SL; and d) H. vespuccii, LBP 19491, 26.2 mm.

FIGURE 1. Hisonotus jumaorum, MZUSP 123835, 26.2 in A new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from Aripuanã river, Amazon basin, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Hisonotus jumaorum, MZUSP 123835, 26.2 mm SL, holotype, Brazil, Amazonas state, municipality of Apuí, rio Juma, tributary of rio Aripuanã, rio Madeira basin. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views.

FIGURE 16 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 16. Scanning electron micrograph of snout anterior rostral margin of Hisonotus aky, MCP 41474, 34.7 mm SL. A—anterior view of rostrum; B—magnification of medial portion.

FIGURE 9 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 9. Holotype of Hisonotus leucophrys, MCP 42576, female, 42.2 mm SL. Rio Ariranhas on bridge of highway SC-466, Xavantina, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

FIGURE 7 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 7. Scanning electron micrograph of predorsal region of Hisonotus iota, showing raised tuft of odontodes in posterior tip of parieto-supraoccipital. MCP 40029, 29.7 mm SL. Anterior portion toward top. A—dorsal view of predorsal region. B—magnification of raised odontodes. SOC—parieto-supraoccipital; PD—predorsal plates; NP—nuchal plate.

FIGURE 5 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 5. Trunk plates of Hisonotus species in lateral view of left side. A—H. iota, MCP 40029, 23.3 mm SL. B—H. leucophrys, MCP 41354, 40.8 mm SL. C—H. megaloplax, MCP 31779, 41.3 mm SL. D—H. montanus, MCP 41459, 37.9 mm SL. Scale bar is 4 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 8. Drainage map showing distribution of Hisonotus species in the upper rio Uruguai basin. Some symbols represent more than one collecting locality. Open symbols represent type locality. Hisonotus iota (square); Hisonotus leucophrys (star); Hisonotus megaloplax (triangles); Hisonotus montanus (asterisk); and Hisonotus aky (circles).

FIGURE 2 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 2. Holotype of Hisonotus iota, MCP 42575, female, 33.4 mm SL. Rio Chapecó at vila São Miguel on road from Coronel de Freitas to Quilombo, Coronel de Freitas, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

FIGURE 3 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 3. Skull of Hisonotus in dorsolateral view showing infraorbital canal. A—Hisonotus iota species, MCP 40029, 28.0 mm SL. B—Hisonotus ringueleti, MCP 11215, 37.2 mm SL. SP— sphenotic; io—Infraorbitals; CP—coumpound pterotic. Scale bar is 2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 1. Measurements and terminology: SL, standard length; HL, head length; PdL, predorsal length; DL, dorsalfin spine length; AL, first anal-fin unbranched ray length; PL, pectoral-fin spine length; VL, first pelvic-fin unbranched ray length; CW, cleithral width; TL, thoracic length; AbL, abdominal length; BD, body depth at dorsal-fin origin; CPL, caudal-peduncle length; CPD, caudal-peduncle depth; SnL, snout length; OD, orbital diameter; IW, interorbital width; HD, head depth; SD, suborbital depth; MR, mandibular ramus.

FIGURE 4 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 4. Scanning electron micrograph of snout anterior rostral margin of Hisonotus iota, MCP 40029, 29.7 mm SL. A—anterior view of rostrum; B—magnification of medial portion.

FIGURE 6 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 6. Arrangement of abdominal plates of Hisonotus species. Anterior portion toward top. A—H. iota, MCP 40029, 28.0 mm SL. B— H. leucophrys, MCP 41354, 40.8 mm SL. C—H. megaloplax, MCP 31779, 37.8 mm SL. D—H. montanus, MCP 41459, 37.9 mm SL. Scale bar is 2 mm.

FIGURE 20 in Four new species of Hisonotus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the upper rio Uruguay, southeastern South America, with a review of the genus in the rio Uruguay basin

FIGURE 20. Juvenile specimens of Hisonotus ringueleti. A—ILPLA 883, paratype of H. ringueleti, 23.9 mm SL. Creek at km 18 of route joining Santana do Livramento and Rivera, rio Quaraí drainage, Rivera, Uruguay. B—MHNG 2662:86, paratype of H. candombe, 26.3 mm SL. Arroyo Palomas, Río Arapey Grande drainage, Salto, Uruguay.