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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2022View details →

FIG. 1 in An emic understanding of honey bees and their environment: attracting bee swarms to nest on rafters in Belitung, Indonesia

FIG. 1. — Hemispherical photographs of three rendap (in pale blue): direct (A), indirect (or semi-open) (B) and well (C) access paths. Credits: N. Césard.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Dataset for honey bee queen and worker learning

As the primary source of colony reproduction, social insect queens play a vital role. However, the cognitive abilities of queens are not well understood, although queen learning and memory are essential in multiple species such as honey bees, in which virgin queens must leave the nest and then successful learn to navigate back over repeated nuptial flights. Because honey bee queen learning has never been previously demonstrated, and our goal was to determine formally if Apis mellifera queens have learning and memory. We tested olfactory learning in queens and workers and examined the role of DNA methylation, which plays a key role in long term memory formation. We provide the first evidence that honey bee queens have remarkably good learning and memory. The proportion of honey bee queens that exhibited learning was 5-fold higher than workers at every tested age and, for memory, 4-fold higher than workers at a very young age. DNA methylation evidently plays a key role in superior queen memory because queens exhibiting remote memory had a more consistent elevation in Dnmt3 gene expression as compared to workers. Both castes also showed excellent very long-term memory (remote memory, 7 d), which was reduced by 30-36% by the DNA methylation inhibitor, Dnmt3. Given that queens live about 10-fold longer than workers, these results suggest that queens can serve as an exceptionally long-term reservoir of colony memory.

opencc-by-4.0May 2024View details →

1H NMR spectra of commercial honey from 400 and 700 MHz spectrometers and tables with data after processing and binning

Datasets contain the 1H NMR original raw  spectral data (Bruker format) of commercial honey from 400 MHz and 700 MHz NMR spectrometers and Tables (.xlsx) with data after processing and binning.

Fig. 2. Multiplex PCR gel showing the 716 in Molecular diagnostics of the honey bee parasites Lotmaria passim and Crithidia spp. (Trypanosomatidae) using multiplex PCR

Fig. 2. Multiplex PCR gel showing the 716 to 724 bp amplicon for Lotmaria passim and Crithidia species, the L. passim specific 499 bp amplicon, and the Crithidia specific 245 bp amplicon.

Fig. 1 in Molecular diagnostics of the honey bee parasites Lotmaria passim and Crithidia spp. (Trypanosomatidae) using multiplex PCR

Fig. 1. Bayesian molecular phylogenetic tree showing relationship of 2 Hawaiian Lotmaria passim positive samples relative to other trypanosomes from Gen- Bank for a 608 bp region of the rDNA SSU gene.

Fig. 2. Western blot analysis for SINV-3 capsid protein 9 d afer inoculating 6 in Solenopsis invicta virus 3: infection tests with adult honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Fig. 2. Western blot analysis for SINV-3 capsid protein 9 d afer inoculating 6 groups of honey bees and 6 fire ant colonies. Lanes 1 and 2 show positive detection of capsid proteins in all 6 inoculated fire ant colonies (shown in 3 rows). Lanes 3 to 8 show negative tests for 18 bees (3 from each of the 6 groups inoculated with SINV-3).

Fig. 1. A in Solenopsis invicta virus 3: infection tests with adult honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Fig. 1. A) Comparison of SINV-3 genome copies per nanogram of RNA in red imported fire ant colonies and honey bee groups inoculated with SINV-3 shown in days since being inoculated (N = 6 samples). Note that the Y-axis is in millions of copies. Error bars, where visible, show the standard error of the mean. B) Y-axis of top graph expanded by 1,000 times to show mean SINV-3 genome copies found in each of the 6 inoculated honey bee groups graphed over time (N = 3 bees per group).

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2018View details →

Evolved eavesdropping: sympatric but not allopatric honey bee species can detect and use hornet alarm pheromone for defence

Eavesdropping is predicted to evolve between sympatric, but not allopatric, predator and prey. The evolutionary arms race between Asian honey bees and their hornet predators has led to a remarkable defence, heat-balling, which suffocates hornets with heat and carbon dioxide. We show that the sympatric Asian species, Apis cerana(Ac), formed heat balls in response to Ac and hornet (Vespavelutina) alarm pheromones, demonstrating eavesdropping. The allopatric species, Apismellifera(Am), only weakly responded to a live hornet and Am alarm pheromone, butnot to hornet alarm pheromone. We observed typical hornet alarm pheromone releasing behaviour, hornet sting extension, when guard bees initially attacked. Once heat balls were formed, guards released honey bee sting alarm pheromones: isopentyl acetate, octyl acetate, (E)-2-decen-1-yl acetate, and benzyl acetate. Only Ac heat-balled in response to realistic bee alarm pheromone component levels, <1 bee-equivalent (1 µg), of isopentyl acetate. Detailed eavesdropping experiments showed that Ac, but not Am, formed heat-balls in response to a synthetic blend of hornet alarm pheromone. Only Ac antennae showed strong, consistent responses to hornet alarm pheromone compounds and venom volatiles. These data provide the first evidence that the sympatric Ac, but not the allopatric Am, can eavesdrop upon hornet alarm pheromone and uses this information, in addition to bee alarm pheromone, to heat-ball hornets. Evolution has likely given Ac this eavesdropping ability, an adaptation that the allopatric Am does not possess.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2019View details →

Data and code: Gut microbiota structure differs between honey bees in winter and summer

This dataset contains data and code underlying the qPCR, amplicon sequencing, and statistical analysis of the research article "Gut microbiota structure differs between honey bees in winter and summer”. Short read datasets are available under NCBI Bioproject accession PRJNA578869.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2013View details →

Figure 1 in Comparison of two morphometric methods for discriminating honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) populations in Turkey

Figure 1. Sampling locations in Turkey (Thrace: 1–2; Aegean: 3; Central Anatolia/ Mediterranean: 4–11; Southeastern Anatolia: 12–13; Northeastern Anatolia: 14–15).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Can the environment influence varroosis infestation in Africanized honey bees in a Neotropical region?

Fig. 2. Biplot of canonical discriminator of temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), altitude (m), and Varroa destructor infestation level (%) from Bahia State mesoregions, Brazil. BA1: São Francisco Valley; BA2: Middle East; BA3: Metropolitan of Salvador; BA4: South Center; BA5: South.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Can the environment influence varroosis infestation in Africanized honey bees in a Neotropical region?

Fig. 1. Cities (black squares) where the apiaries are located from 5 different mesoregions in Bahia State, Brazil. BA1: São Francisco Valley; BA2: Middle East; BA3: Metropolitan of Salvador; BA4: South Center; BA5: South.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2018View details →

Fig. 3 in Can the environment influence varroosis infestation in Africanized honey bees in a Neotropical region?

Fig. 3. Contribution of the variables in the first canonical discriminant function from temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), altitude (m), and Varroa destructor infestation level (%) from 5 different mesoregions in Bahia State,Brazil.BA1: São Francisco Valley; BA2: Middle East; BA3: Metropolitan of Salvador; BA4: South Center; BA5: South.

Fig. 1 in Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Fig. 1. Relative proportion of DWV genotype A and B reads in publicly available NCBI transcriptome datasets of honey bees, V. destructor mites and bumble bees.

Fig. 2 in Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Fig. 2. First published records of DWV genotype B in Varroa destructor (closed box) or in Apis mellifera (red boxes: pre-2010; open boxes: 2010 onwards) from a country or geographic region; citations are in Table 3. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 4 in Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Fig. 4. Temporal change in the proportion of DWV-A to DWV-B across our own datasets (a) (prevalence in Fig. 3); in published datasets (b) (UK data in Kevill et al. (2021); continental USA data in Ryabov et al. (2017); and Hawaii data in Grindrod et al. (2021)); and (c) in NCBI NGS honey bee datasets of Fig. 1 presented by geographic origin.

Fig. 3 in Epidemiology of a major honey bee pathogen, deformed wing virus: potential worldwide replacement of genotype A by genotype B

Fig. 3. Temporal change in the prevalence of DWV-A and DWV-B in honey bees in three original datasets separated by 5–6 years from the same sampling localities in the UK (individual honey bees collected at flowers), Germany (pooled honey bees from collapsing colonies) and Italy (NGS reads from pooled or individual honey bees); Germany 2019 samples were summed 2019–2020; Italy 2011 samples were summed 2009–2013 and Italy 2019 samples were summed 2018–2020.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Collection of images and raw coordinates of honey bee (Apis mellifera) wings from the central highlands of Ecuador.

Images and raw coordinates of honey bee (Apis mellifera) wings from the central highlands of Ecuador

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Current status of Acarapis woodi mite infestation in Africanized honey bee Apis mellifera in Brazil

Fig. 1. States evaluated for the presence of Acarapis woodi in Brazil. The blank area represents the states not surveyed; dark grey areas show the states surveyed in this study which presented negative results (circles with negative sign); light grey areas show previous studies from the 1970s.