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549 results for “Horses”
FIG. 9 in The skull on the hill. Anthropological and osteological investigation of contemporary horse skull ritual practices in central Mongolia (Arkhangai province)
FIG. 9. — Repository of metallic items and various animal bones on the central mound of a khirigsuur.
FIG. 6 in Horse size and domestication: Early equid bones from the Czech Republic in the European context
FIG. 6. — Size comparison between horses from the Czech Republic (dark boxes and dots) and adjacent regions (light boxes) within: A, 15000-5600 BC; B, 5600- 4200 BC. X-axis, locations (in brackets: culture and/or country). Statistics for Hadí cave and Těšetice-Kyjovice based on the same data as the Magdalenien and early Lengyel, respectively (in Fig. 3; Table 3). Statistics for Mirnoe, Kniegrotte, Bärenkeller, LBK (Germany), Sakarovka and Dereivka taken from Benecke & Driesch (2003), for Lausnitz based on Teichert (1963), for Szabadszállás-Tözegtelep on Vörös (1981). Others as in Fig. 3. Abbreviations: CR, Czech Republic; LBK, Linear Pottery c.
FIG. 4 in Horse size and domestication: Early equid bones from the Czech Republic in the European context
FIG. 4. — LSI distributions of Equus postcranial breadths/depths based on Czech datasets from selected periods and E. przewalskii presented by histograms. Based on the same data as in Fig. 3 (outliers incl.). Period codes correspond to other Tables and Figures. A, period 1 – Late Paleolithic (Magdalenien); B, pe- riod 3 – Early Lengyel (Těšetice-Kyjovice site); C, period 6 – Early Eneolithic (TRB); D, period 8 – Middle Eneolithic (Řivnáč culture); E, period 10 – Early Bronze (Únětice culture); F, period 11 – Late Bronze (KnovÍz culture); G, Equus przewalskii; X axes, LSI scale; Y axes, frequency; Red curve, Kernel density; Dotted curve, fit (estimated) normal distribution. Analysed by Past 3.02 statistical software.
Observations of Mediterranean horse mackerel fish species in the bay of Almería, Spain
<p># Companion paper data</p> <p>These files contain the data used in the following publication:</p> <p>F. Muñoz, M. G. Pennino, D. Conesa, A. López-Quílez, J. M. Bellido (2013). Estimation and prediction of the spatial occurrence of fish species using Bayesian latent Gaussian models. Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment 27(5):1171-1180. DOI:10.1007/s00477-012-0652-3</p> <p><br /> ## Contents</p> <p>- `spatial_data.RData` contains all the environmental information.</p> <p> - Chl: A `SpatialGridDataFrame` object with Chlorophyll-a values</p> <p> - Depth: A `SpatialGridDataFrame` object with Bathymetry values</p> <p> - coast: A `SpatialPolygonsDataFrame` object with the coastline</p> <p> All the `Spatial*` classes are defined in the package `sp`.</p> <p>- `MediterraneusT.csv` is the original dataset from IEO after some minimal cleanup.<br /> It contains the year, coordinates (EPSG 23030) and presence indication.<br /> These data are property of the Spanish Institute of Oceanography, who grants the right to use them for educational purposes only.</p>
Questions for Galops 1-7 horse riding theoretical exams and their textual answers with enumerations
<p><strong>Description in English :</strong></p><p>(Description en Français plus bas)</p><p><strong>Questions for Galops 1-7 horse riding theoretical exams and their textual answers with enumerations</strong></p><p>This French dataset was created to develop a system of automatic correction of textual answers with enumeration for horse riding theoretical exams, as part of Marine Potier's Master's thesis, a student in NLP (Natural Language Processing) at the Université de Franche-Comté.</p><p>This dataset contains 122 questions with their respective possible answers.</p><p>These questions and their answers were manually extracted from the official books published by the French Equestrian Federation.</p><p>We used ChatGPT (v.3.5) in order to get variations of the extracted answers, and every new answer was manually verified to make sure it was correct as well.</p><p>This dataset is available in CSV format and structured according to the following fields :</p><p>- <strong>question_id</strong> : The question ID, representing the level (1 to 7) followed by the question number.</p><p>- <strong>type_question</strong> : Either "sans_ordre" or "avec_ordre". Some answers need to be written in a precise order to be considered correct.</p><p>- <strong>question</strong> : The actual question, which was extracted from the official books.</p><p>- <strong>reponse_correcte</strong> : The correct answer, which was extracted from the official books.</p><p>- <strong>variation_1 to variation_5</strong> : The variations of the correct answer which was reformulated with ChatGPT. All were manually verified afterwards.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Description en Français :</strong></p><p><strong>Questions des examens théoriques Galops 1 à 7 d'équitation et leurs réponses textuelles contenant des énumérations</strong></p><p>Ce dataset en langue française a été créé pour développer un système de correction automatique de réponses textuelles contenant une énumération pour les examens théorique d'équitation (les Galops 1 à 7). Ce projet s'inscrit dans le cadre de mémoire de recherche de Marine Potier, étudiante en Master en Traitement Automatique des Langues à l'Université de Franche-Comté.</p><p>Ce dataset est constitué de 122 questions avec leurs réponses correctes respectives.</p><p>Ces questions et leurs réponses ont été extraites manuellement des guides fédéraux officiels publiés par la Fédération Française d'Équitation.</p><p>Nous avons utilisé ChatGPT (v.3.5) afin de recueillir des variations des réponses extraites. Chaque nouvelle réponse a été vérifiée manuellement pour s'assurer de leur exactitude.</p><p>Ce dataset est disponible en format CSV, et structuré comme expliqué ci-dessous :</p><p>- <strong>question_id</strong> : L'identifiant de la question, représentant le niveau (1 à 7) suivi du numéro de question.</p><p>- <strong>type_question</strong> : Soit "sans_ordre" ou "avec_ordre". Certaines questions nécessitent d'avoir leurs réponses rédigées suivant un ordre précis pour être considérées comme correctes.</p><p>- <strong>question</strong> : La question, extraite des guides fédéraux.</p><p>- <strong>reponse_correcte</strong> : La réponse correcte, extraite des guides fédéraux.</p><p>- <strong>variation_1 à variation_5</strong> : Les variations de la réponse correcte qui a été reformulée à l'aide de ChatGPT. Toutes ont été vérifiées manuellement par la suite.</p>
Supplementary Information for Biogeography a key influence on distal forelimb variation in horses through the Cenozoic
<p>Locomotion in terrestrial tetrapods is reliant on interactions between distal limb bones (e.g. metapodials and phalanges). The metapodial-phalangeal joint in horse (Equidae) limbs is highly specialised, facilitating vital functions (shock absorption; elastic recoil). While joint shape has changed throughout horse evolution, potential drivers of these modifications have not been quantitatively assessed. Here, I examine the morphology of the forelimb metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint of horses and their extinct kin (palaeotheres) using geometric morphometrics and disparity analyses, within a phylogenetic context. I also develop a novel alignment protocol that explores magnitude of shape change through time, correlated against body mass and diet. MCP shape was poorly correlated with mass or diet proxies, although significant temporal correlations were detected at 0–1 Ma intervals. A clear division was recovered between New and Old World hipparionin MCP morphologies. Significant changes in MCP disparity and high rates of shape divergence were observed during the Great American Biotic Interchange, with the MCP joint becoming broad and robust in two separate monodactyl lineages, possibly exhibiting novel locomotor behaviour. This large scale study of MCP joint shape demonstrates the apparent capacity for horses to rapidly change their distal limb morphology to overcome discrete locomotor challenges in new habitats. </p>
Fig. 1 in Finding Of Pseudobacciger Harengulae (Digenea, Faustulidae) In The Mediterranean Horse Mackerel, Trachurus Mediterraneus (Actinopterygii, Carangidae), From The Gulf Of Odessa, Black Sea, Ukraine
Fig. 1. Pseudobacciger harengulae ex T. mediterraneus from the Gulf of Odessa, Black Sea. A — total view of adult (drawing); B — photograph of adult; C — seminal vesicle: Ap — anterior part, Pp — posterior part.
Fig. 3 in Gastrointestinal Parasite Community In A New Population Of The Przewalski'S Horse (Equus Ferus Przewalskii) In The Orenburg State Reserve, Russia
Fig. 3. Distribution of strongylid species from the Przewalski's horses in Pre-Urals Steppe, Orenburg State Reserve, on ten prevalence classes.
Stable isotopes and radiocarbon dating results on Late Pleistocene red deer and horse from the Serinyà caves (Girona, Catalonia, Spain)
<p>Table 1: Minimum (Min), maximum (Max), mean and standard-deviations (SD) of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub> values per horse and red deer tooth. Numbers in bold indicate isotopic values corresponding to peaks (summer) or troughs (winter) detected from clear sinusoidal patterns in <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub> values. Numbers in bold correspond to minimum and maximum values in teeth revealing a sinusoidal pattern. LM3 and UM3 stand for lower third molar and upper third molar, respectively. LM2 stands for lower second molar. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. N: number of analyses.</p> <p>Table 2: Minimum, maximum, mean and standard-deviations of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub> for horse and red deer per technocomplex phases. na stands for not applicable. N: number of samples.</p> <p>Table A.1: Detailed isotopic results (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub>) for horse teeth with incremental sampling. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered for further interpretation. R stands for the right side, L is for the left side.</p> <p>Table A.2: Detailed isotopic results (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub> and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O<sub>carb</sub>) for red deer teeth with incremental sampling. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side.</p> <p>Table A.3: Results of elemental analysis on bone or dentine (N<sub>bone or dentine</sub>) and collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) from horse (<em>Equus ferus</em>), red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) at the Serinyà caves. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. Tüb. stands for Tübingen and NU for National University.</p> <p>Table A.4: Results of elemental analysis on bone or dentine (N<sub>bone or dentine</sub>) and collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>, <em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) from large bovids (<em>Bos/Bison</em>) and muskox (<em>Ovibos moschatus</em>) at the Serinyà caves. Underlined numbers correspond to outlier data. Brackets are added around isotopic values that are not considered reliable for further interpretation. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. Tüb. stands for Tübingen.</p> <p>Table A.5: Results of elemental analysis on collagen (C<sub>coll</sub>, N<sub>coll</sub>, C:N<sub>coll</sub>) and of isotopic analysis on collagen (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>coll</sub>,<em>δ</em><sup>15</sup>N<sub>coll</sub>) and radiocarbon dates (<sup>14</sup>C) from horse (<em>Equus ferus</em>), red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>), reindeer (<em>Rangifer tarandus</em>), muskox (<em>Ovibos moschatus</em>), rabbit (<em>Oryctolagus cuniculus</em>) and human (<em>Homo sapiens</em>) at the Serinyà caves. R is for the right side, L is for the left side. * species determination confirmed by ZooMS analysis. na stands for not applicable, nd for not determined and ind for indetermined.</p>
Fig. 2 in The Strongylidae belonging to Strongylus genus in horses from southeastern Poland
Fig. 2 The buccal cavity of large strongyles from the genus Strongylus: S. vulgaris, S. edentatus, and S. equinus
Figure 5 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 5. Effect of osmotic potential on the germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds at 25 C. Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean, and a logistic sigmoidal regression model is fit to the data.
Figure 6 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 6. Germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds at low osmotic potential. The vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Bars with the same letters indicate that there are no significant differences in the mean values by Fisher's protected LSD test (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 7 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 7. Effect of burial depth on the emergence of A. inebrions seeds at 25 C. Vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean,and a logistic sigmoidal regression model is fit to the data.
Figure 4 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 4. Effect of buffered pH solutions on the germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds at 25 C. The vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Bars with the same letters indicate that there are no significant differences in the mean values by Fisher's protected LSD test (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 3 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 3. Effects of different photoperiods on the germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds under 25 C culture conditions. Bars with the same letters indicate that there are no significant differences in the mean values by Fisher's protected LSD test (P ≤ 0.05).
Figure 2 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 2. Effect of rewarming on the germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds at 30/20 C. Rewarming refers to the transfer of ungerminated seeds kept under a constant temperature of 10, 35, or 40 C to a growth chamber set at the optimal temperature, 25 C (CK). The vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Bars with
Figure 1 in Effect of environmental factors on the germination and emergence of drunken horse grass (Achnotherum inebrions)
Figure 1. Effect of rewarming on the germination of Achnotherum inebrions seeds at 25 C. Rewarming refers to the transfer of ungerminated seeds kept under a constant temperature of 10, 35, or 40 C to a growth chamber set at the optimal temperature, 25 C (CK). The vertical bars represent the standard error of the mean. Bars with the same
Figure 4 in Do tracks yield reliable information on gaits? - Part 1: The case of horses
Figure 4. Typical tracks produced in the walk. The faster the walk (and the longer the limbs and the shorter the trunk), the greater is the distance (d) between the ipsilateral front- and hind hooves (i.e. the degree of overstepping increases); horizontal axis: distance covered in m. (a) Slow walk and (b) Fast walk of a German warmblood.
Figure 8 in Do tracks yield reliable information on gaits? - Part 1: The case of horses
Figure 8. Typical footfall pattern of the canter (German: Galopp) in its three varieties. (a) Right lead of a Paso Fino at slow speed; (b) Left lead of a German warmblood horse at normal speed; (c) Right lead of a medium sized German saddle horse at fast speed. The stride length increases with increasing speed. The Paso Fino places the hind hooves between the imprints of the fore hooves, because of slow speed. The warmblood has the same limb length as the Paso Fino, but it is placing the hind hooves beneath the prints of the fore hooves, because of higher speed. The German saddle horse is medium sized and places the hind hooves in front of the fore hooves. With increasing speed in the canter, the separation between all four hoofprints becomes clearer (in the example of right lead the group HL, HR, FL, FR.).
Figure 1 in Do tracks yield reliable information on gaits? - Part 1: The case of horses
Figure 1. Horse hooves. (a) Hind hoof and fore hoof of a horse seen from below; (b) Longitudinal section through the mechanically relevant elements of the autopodium. The hoof is shown during the middle of the stance phase, while highest loads are acting. Dots at the tips of the hooves are indicating the points used for track measurement. The difference between the imprints of hind hoof and fore hooves is not obvious, so that both are hardly discernible in most tracks.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.