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Fig. 1 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 1. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P-Bonpl. A. Bactris gasipaes Kunth; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; C. Corypha miraguama Kunth; D. Oreodoxa regia Kunth.

Fig. 4 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 4. – Illustrations associated to the palms collected by Bonpland and Humboldt. A-B. Copper engravings produced by Turpin of the growth habit (A) and the male inflorescence (B) of Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. (Plantae Aequinoctiales 1: 1. 1805) based on original sketches drawn by Humboldt on site; C-D. Illustrations of Attalea amygdalina Kunth; grisaille deposited at P-Bonpl. (C) and coloured plate (D) published in the Nova genera 1: 319. 1816.

Fig. 7 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 7. – Original descriptions of the royal Cuban Palm (Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth). A. Entry 1276 in the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332); B. Description of the species in Nova genera 1: 305. 1816.

Fig. 3 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 3. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in European herbaria. A. Mauritia flexuosa L. f. deposited at B; B. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl. deposited at FI; C. Corypha dulcis Kunth deposited at G; D. Corypha tectorum Kunth. deposited at M.

Fig. 6 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 6. – List of palm common names written by Bonpland in the first page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332). 1) "Cucurito" (Attalea maripa (Aubl.) Mart.); 2) "Seje" (Oenocarpus sp.); 3) "Volador" (Desmoncus sp.); 4) "Pijiguao" (Bactris gasipaes Kunth); 5) "Macana" (Euterpe sp.); 6) "Palmiche" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 7) "Palma de Cobija" (Copernicia tectorum Kunth); 8) "Timiti" (Manicaria saccifera Gaertn.); 9) "Cocos" (Cocos nucifera L.); 10) "Corozo" (Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart.); 11) "Prasse" (unknown Palmae); 12) "Jagua" (Attalea butyracea (Mutis ex L. f.) Wess. Boer; 13) "Moriche" (Mauritia flexuosa L.f.); 14) Piritu (Bactris guineensis (L.) H.E. Moore); 15) "Palma Real de Caracas" (Roystonea oleracea (Jacq.) O.F.Cook; 16) "Id. de Guanare" (prob. Roystonea sp.); 17) "Palma de Sombrero" (Sabal mauritiiformis (H. Karst.) Griseb. & H. Wendl.); 18) "Amac." (unknown Palmae); 19) "Alvarico" (Bactris sp); 20) "Joropa" (Palmae); 21) Tirite (Ischnosiphon arouma (Aubl.) KÖrn. Marantaceae); 22) "Chiquichiqui" (Leopoldinia piassaba Wallace); 23) "Iounouriri" (Attalea sp.).

Fig. 2 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 2. – Representative palm specimens collected by Bonpland and Humboldt deposited in P. A. Ceroxylon andicolum Bonpl.; B. Corypha maritima Kunth; C. Corypha tectorum Kunth; D. Martinezia caryotifolia Kunth.

Fig. 5 in The palm (Arecaceae) collections gathered by Bonpland and Humboldt in their American journey: origin and fate of the specimens and typifications

Fig. 5. – Page of the "Journal Botanique" (MS 1332) of Bonpland and Humboldt compiled during their journey in Venezuela. The entry 1276 was written by Humboldt and corresponds to the collection of the royal Cuban palm Oreodoxa regia Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth (= Roystonea regia (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Kunth) O.F. Cook).

Fig. 2 in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 2 - Alexander von Humboldt in his studio (1848). Lithograph by J. Bardtenschlager from a watercolor by Eduard Hildebrandt. / Alexander von Humboldt nel suo studio (1848). Litografia di J. Bardtenschlager da un acquerello di Eduard Hildebrandt. 32,30 cm x 41,80 cm. Inv.-Nr.: HU 01/8 DR. © Courtesy of Stiftung Stadtmuseum Berlin.

Fig. 3 - Parkinsonia aculeata L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 3 - Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). American species collected in 1832 at Matamoros (Chihuahua, Mexico) by the FrancoMexican botanist J.-L. Berlandier (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Parkinsonia aculeata L. (Fabaceae). Specie americana raccolta nel 1832 presso Matamoros (Chihuahua, Messico) dal botanico francomessicano J.-L. Berlandier (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 7 - Polemonium caeruleum L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 7 - Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae). Arctic-Alpine plant collected in Sweden (Jämtland County) by J. Emanuel Wikström in 1844 (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Polemonium caeruleum L. (Polemoniaceae). Pianta artico-alpina (raccolta in Svezia (Contea di Jämtland) da J. Emanuel Wikström nel 1844 (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 6 - Erigeron alpinus L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 6 - Erigeron alpinus L. (Asteraceae). Italian collection of brothers A. and C. Perini made in Trentino, plant received by Parlatore in September 1844 (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Erigeron alpinus L. (Asteraceae). Raccolta italiana dei fratelli A. e C. Perini effettuata in Trentino, pianta ricevuta da Parlatore nel Settembre del 1844 (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 1 in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 1 - Filippo Parlatore (1816-1877) in a photographic portrait by Gustavo Matucci (187?). Handwritten title on the recto, where the following note also appears: R. Tod. [Todaro Collection]. Mounted on 165 x 105 mm cardboard. 1 photo: albumin; 137 x 97 mm. University of Padua. Library of the Botanical Garden (IB.FF.8). Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-SA 4.0. / Filippo Parlatore (1816-1877) in un ritratto fotografico di Gustavo Matucci (187?). Titolo manoscritto sul recto, dove compare anche la nota: R. Tod. [Raccolta Todaro]. Montata su cartoncino 165 x 105 mm. 1 fotografia: albumina; 137 x 97 mm. Università di Padova. Biblioteca dell'Orto Botanico (IB.FF.8). Licenza Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.

Fig. 4 - Abrus precatorius L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 4 - Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae). Plant with colored seeds for tribal use (necklaces, rosaries), collected in Java in 1845 by the Swiss naturalist Alexander Moritzi (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Abrus precatorius L. (Fabaceae). Pianta con semi colorati d'uso tribale (collane, rosari), raccolta a Giava nel 1845 dal naturalista svizzero Alexander Moritzi (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 8 - Stellaria media L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 8 - Stellaria media L. (Caryophyllaceae). Annual sub-cosmopolitan of Eurasian origin collected in Val Polcevera (Genoa) in 1842 (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Stellaria media L. (Caryophyllaceae). Annuale subcosmopolita di origine eurasiatica raccolta in Val Polcevera (Genova) nel 1842 (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

Fig. 9 - Silene acaulis L in Botanical geography correspondence between Alexander von Humboldt and Filippo Parlatore (1851-1852)

Fig. 9 - Silene acaulis L. Circum-arctic-alpine herbaceous species typical of the high altitude pioneer clods, collected by Parlatore on the edge of the Mer de Glace in the Mount Blanc Alpine range in 1849 (courtesy of the Department of Botany in the Natural History Museum of the University of Florence). / Silene acaulis L. Specie erbacea circum-artico-alpina propria delle zolle pioniere d'alta quota, raccolta da Parlatore ai margini della Mer de Glace nella catena alpina del Monte Bianco nel 1849 (per gentile concessione del Dipartimento di Botanica del Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Università di Firenze).

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Fig. 1. A in Trichomycterus venulosus (Steindachner, 1915), a junior synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt, 1805 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) and not an extinct species

Fig. 1. A. Trichomycterus venulosus, syntype of Pygidium venulosum, 87 mm SL, illustration from Steindachner (1915b); B. Eremophilus mutisii, MPUJ 2528, 54.0 mm SL, Colombia, Cundinamarca, Municipio Guatavita, embalse de Tominé, Vereda Chaleche, Club Náutico Refugio de Tominé, 4º59'10.7"N 73º49'09"W, 2622 m asl, río Magdalena basin; C. E. mutisii, MPUJ 2528, 72.1 mm SL; D. E. mutisii, MBUCV-V-32796, 221.9 mm SL, Colombia, Nariño, Laguna de La Cocha, río Guamuéz drainage, tributary of río Putumayo, Amazon River basin. Scale bars 1 cm.

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Fig. 2 in Trichomycterus venulosus (Steindachner, 1915), a junior synonym of Eremophilus mutisii Humboldt, 1805 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) and not an extinct species

Fig. 2. Dorsal view of head of syntype of Pygidium venulosum (NMW 44476: 1, 108.0 mm SL), showing cephalic sensory pores. Abbreviations: i1, infraorbital sensory pore 1; i3, infraorbital sensory pore 3; i10-11, infraorbital sensory pores 10 and 11; pre, preopercular sensory pore; s1-3, supraorbital sensory pores 1-3; s6, supraorbital sensory pore 6 (epiphyseal branch).

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Fig. 5 in Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation

Fig. 5. Relative mean GSI vs. relative mean HSI of color pattern variants of Cichla temensis. Points for GSI represent the mean value for each CPV grade as compared to the range encountered. Points for HSI represent the mean value for each CPV grade compared to the range encountered.

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Fig. 3 in Geometric morphometric analysis of cyclical body shape changes in color pattern variants of Cichla temensis Humboldt, 1821 (Perciformes: Cichlidae) demonstrates reproductive energy allocation

Fig. 3. Biplot of the uniform components in each direction (UniX and UniY) of morphometrical differences in 80 specimens of Cichla temensis in 4 color variation patterns (CPV) as measured by 9 Thin Plate Spline (TPS) distortion variables (V1-V9). Colored numbers indicate the CPV grade of individuals. The total spread of scores among individuals of each CPV are indicated by an envelope (solid line polygon) calculated as the minimum convex hull for that group. Position in the plot relative to other individuals indicates the degree of similarity in morph. Vectors point in the direction of gradient change for that TPS variable and the magnitude indicates the strength of the gradient. Angles between vectors indicate the TPS interset correlations.