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42 results for “Hyaena hyaena”
Figure 2 in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
Figure 2: Direct sightings of the hyaena in Batna: (A) Natal den with four hyaenas (one adult and three sub-adults) observed in the central south part of Batna (photo: Tahar Mebarki); (B) Hyaena captured on camera trap in northern Batna (photo: Hakim Benmokhtar).
Figure 1 in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
Figure 1: Map of the study area, showing the location of Batna in Algeria, and the limits of the Belezma National Park (BNP) (ALOS World 3D 30-m DEM. V3.2).
Figure 1 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
Figure 1: Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park's geographic position within Africa and South Africa. The park is separated into two sections, Hluhluwe and iMfolozi. These sections are separated by a paved road known as the R618 (Corridor Road).
Predator biomass, prey biomass landcover and climate data from spotted hyaena and lion sites in Africa
<p class="Thesisnormal">The spotted hyaena (<i>Crocuta crocuta</i> Erxleben) and the lion (<i>Panthera leo</i> Linnaeus) are two of the most abundant and charismatic large mammalian carnivores in Africa and yet both are experiencing declining populations and significant pressures from environmental change. However, with few exceptions, most studies have focused on influences upon spotted hyaena and lion populations within individual sites, rather than synthesising data from multiple locations. This has impeded the identification of over-arching trends behind the changing biomass of these large predators.</p> <p class="Thesisnormal">Using Partial Least Squares regression models, influences upon population biomass were therefore investigated, focusing upon prey biomass, temperature, precipitation and vegetation cover. Additionally, as both species are in competition with one other for food, the influence of competition and evidence of environmental partitioning were assessed.</p> <p class="Thesisnormal">Our results indicate that spotted hyaena<i> </i>biomass is more strongly influenced by environmental conditions than lion, with larger hyaena populations in areas with warmer winters, cooler summers, less drought and more semi-open vegetation cover.</p> <p class="Thesisnormal">Competition was found to have a negligible influence upon spotted hyaena and lion populations, and environmental partitioning is suggested, with spotted hyaena population biomass greater in areas with more semi-open vegetation cover. Moreover, spotted hyaena is most heavily influenced by the availability of medium-sized prey biomass, whereas lion is influenced more by large size prey biomass. Given the influences identified upon spotted hyaena populations in particular, the results of this study could be used to highlight populations potentially at greatest risk of decline, such as in areas with warming summers and increasingly arid conditions.</p>
Predator biomass, prey biomass landcover and climate data from spotted hyaena and lion sites in Africa
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Hyaenas and lions: how the largest African carnivores interact at carcasses
The study of the competitive interactions between predators has traditionally been approached within the context of predatory behavior. By using a quasi-experimental, non-intrusive approach, we go beyond the classical view that predators only compete for living prey and disentangle the mechanisms of exploitative and interference competition between two charismatic apex predators, lions (Panthera leo) and spotted hyaenas (Crocuta crocuta), at carcasses other than their own kills. Carcasses of different sizes were monitored in two study areas of South Africa: one with both lions and hyaenas and the other with hyaenas only. We found evidence of both symmetric exploitative competition and asymmetric interference competition. Interactions were strongly conditioned by carcass size, and co-occurrence was mostly recorded at large ungulate carcasses. Interference competition seemed to dominate interspecific interactions, with lions having preferential access. However, interference while feeding did not exert any cost on the subordinate hyaenas, in terms of amount of ingested food and consumption rate, probably thanks to the reward provided by large carcasses in the form of abundant carrion, the use of lions to detect carcasses, and spatiotemporal segregation at the carcass-scale. Securing a diverse carrion supply in terms of carcass size, including megaherbivore carcasses, may favor the coexistence of the largest African carnivores, especially in small protected areas. Overall, our study reveals mechanisms related to both the food resource characteristics and the competitor behavior that allow the coexistence of strongly interacting species.
Spotted hyaena (Crocuta crocuta) feeding ecology and selectivity of large herbivorous prey in the Namib Desert
<p>We have investigated the relationship between spotted hyaenas in the south Namib Desert and large herbivorous prey, and have summarized an updated overview of predator-prey relationships in this resource-limited arid environment. Over the 52-month study, we recorded the densities (#/km<sup>-2</sup>, <u>+</u> SE) of the four local large herbivorous prey species: gemsbok (1.229, <u>+</u> 0.50), springbok (1.352, <u>+</u> 0.48), ostrich (0.648, <u>+</u> 0.23), and greater kudu (0.343, <u>+</u> 0.00). A faecal analysis was performed on 146 collected spotted hyaena scats, and prey items were identified and hairs cross-follicle analysed to the species level. Spotted hyaena diet at the study area remained opportunistic with 240 identified prey items representing eight differing prey species being recorded, ranging from ostrich eggs to large ungulates. The Ivlev's Electivity Index was used to determine which large herbivorous prey was most selected for. Although gemsbok had a higher representation of prey items in the sampled scats, all sampled large herbivorous prey species scored below 0, and are thus generally avoided in relation to their availability in the environment. If any prey preferences are expressed by spotted hyaena in the Namib, it can be presumed to be a non-sampled prey species. We therefore promote further detailed investigations into all other prey species present, and seasonal variations of prey densities and scat sampling, within the study environment.</p>
Hyaena hyaena Photo: Roland Seitre in Hyaenidae
Hyaena hyaena Photo: Roland Seitre
Figure 7 in Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Figure 7: Age composition for livestock versus wild ungulates in the five dens considered.
Figure 6 in Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Figure 6: Distribution (%MNI) of vertebrate categories represented in all dens studied.
Figure 4 in Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Figure 4: Taxonomic distribution by MNI of various animal categories in the dens studied.
Figure 8 in Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Figure 8: Ungulate MNI proportion representation by age and size class.
Figure 5 in Striped hyena Hyaena hyaena (Linnaeus 1758): feeding ecology based on den prey remains in a pastoralist landscape, southern Kenya
Figure 5: Ungulates distribution (NISP) by size class per den.
Figure 3 in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
Figure 3: Ecological niche modeling approach for Hyaena hyaena in Batna.
Figure 8 in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
Figure 8: Kernel density estimation of the roadkill hotspots found in the road networks of Batna.
Table 2 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
<p><b>Table 2:</b> Summary of spotted hyaena density estimates for the Hluhluwe and iMfolozi sections in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Year</b></th><th><b>Hluhluwe density</b></th><th><b>Hluluwe LCL</b></th><th><b>Hluhluwe UCL</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi density</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi LCL</b></th><th><b>iMfolozi UCL</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>2013</th><td>17.59</td><td>11.74</td><td>26.36</td><td>21.41</td><td>15.38</td><td>29.82</td></tr><tr><th>2014</th><td>14.39</td><td>9.32</td><td>22.21</td><td>27.09</td><td>20.9</td><td>35.11</td></tr><tr><th>2015</th><td>9.78</td><td>4.41</td><td>21.69</td><td>12.98</td><td>9.18</td><td>18.37</td></tr><tr><th>2016</th><td>8.54</td><td>4.69</td><td>15.55</td><td>24.31</td><td>17.j26</td><td>34.23</td></tr><tr><th>2017</th><td>12.9</td><td>8.28</td><td>20.11</td><td>21.34</td><td>15.25</td><td>29.87</td></tr><tr><th>2018</th><td>14.6</td><td>9.88</td><td>21.58</td><td>27.27</td><td>20.34</td><td>36.56</td></tr><tr><th>Mean</th><td>12.97</td><td>8.05</td><td>21.25</td><td>22.40</td><td>16.21</td><td>30.66</td></tr><tr><th>Stdev</th><td>3.34</td><td>2.94</td><td>3.50</td><td>5.30</td><td>4.75</td><td>6.63</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The SECR analysis used a uniform 12,500 m buffer effective trapping area.LCL,lower confidence limit;UCL,upper confidence limit.Estimates are measured in hyaena per 100 km <sup>2</sup>.</p>
Table ¹: Model performance in relation to predictor variables combinations and MaxEnt parameters for the two best models identified in our analysis. in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
<p><b>Table ¹:</b> Model performance in relation to predictor variables combinations and MaxEnt parameters for the two best models identified in our analysis.</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Prediction set</b></th><th><b>FC</b></th><th><b>RM</b></th><th><b>P</b> <b>ROC</b></th><th><b>OR</b></th><th><b>AICc</b></th><th><b>ΔAICc</b></th><th><b>WAICc</b></th><th><b>Number of parameters**</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>313</th><td>lqp</td><td>0.7</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>752.875</td><td>1.226</td><td>0.0337</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><th>314*</th><td>lqp</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>751.649</td><td>0.000</td><td>0.057</td><td>7</td></tr></tbody></table><p>The selected model set (*) met the statistical significance and omission rate criteria during evaluation with train and test data.**Number of environmental variables. FC, feature class; RM, regularization multiplier; OR = omission rate; ΔAICc, Akaike information criterion corrected for small simple sizes; WAICc, weighted AICc.</p>
Table 1 in Using photo by-catch data to reliably estimate spotted hyaena densities over time
<p><b>Table 1:</b> Summary of camera trapping parameters and density estimates for spotted hyaenas in the Hluhluwe-iMfolozi Park, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th></th><th><b>2013</b></th><th><b>2014</b></th><th><b>2015</b></th><th><b>2016 2017</b></th><th><b>2018</b></th><th><b>Total</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Survey details</th><td>View</td><td>RHS</td><td>RHS</td><td>RHS</td><td>LHS</td><td>RHS</td><td></td><td>RHS</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Individuals</td><td>79</td><td>97</td><td>83</td><td>59</td><td>77</td><td></td><td>98</td><td>230</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Juvenile captures</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>10</td><td></td><td>19</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Independent capture events</td><td>159</td><td>281</td><td>263</td><td>113</td><td>173</td><td></td><td>294</td><td>1242</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>MMDM (m)</td><td>3047</td><td>3944</td><td>5453</td><td>2559</td><td>3424</td><td></td><td>3744</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Trap nights</td><td>1342</td><td>1986</td><td>2039</td><td>2031</td><td>1917</td><td></td><td>1929</td><td>11,244</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Population closure test <i>p-</i> value</td><td>>0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05>0.05 <0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td><b>2013</b></td><td><b>2014</b></td><td><b>2015</b></td><td><b>2016</b></td><td><b>2017</b></td><td><b>2018</b></td><td></td><td><b>Mean</b></td></tr><tr><th>Model results</th><td>Density per 100 km2</td><td>20.13</td><td>20.83</td><td>11.98</td><td>17.77</td><td>19.00</td><td>20.04</td><td></td><td>18.29 ± 3.27</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>SE</td><td>2.74</td><td>2.38</td><td>1.61</td><td>3.09</td><td>2.62</td><td>2.35</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>LCL</td><td>15.43</td><td>16.65</td><td>9.22</td><td>12.67</td><td>14.53</td><td>16.26</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>UCL</td><td>26.26</td><td>26.04</td><td>15.56</td><td>24.92</td><td>24.88</td><td>25.50</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Expected population size</td><td><i>279.20</i></td><td>283.20</td><td>162.85</td><td>241.43</td><td>258.40 277.03</td><td>250.35 ± 45.66</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>SE</td><td>38.04</td><td>32.35</td><td>21.82</td><td>41.95</td><td>35.64</td><td>31.92</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>LCL</td><td>214.03</td><td>226.54</td><td>125.37</td><td>172.18</td><td>197.45 221.20</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>UCL</td><td>364.20</td><td>354.03</td><td>211.52</td><td>338.52</td><td>338.18 346.96</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Goodness of fit test <i>p</i> -value</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td><0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td>>0.05</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>LCL = 95 % lower confidence limit; UCL = 95 % upper confidence limit; RHS, right hand side photos; LHS, left hand side photos; clipped 12,500 m = the selected habitat mask used for estimating hyaena densities – see Supplementary Material for full details.</p>
Table ²: Percentage of contribution of the selected variables for habitat suitability modeling for the striped hyaena in Batna, Algeria. in Understanding habitat suitability and road mortality for the conservation of the striped hyaena (Hyaena hyaena) in Batna (East Algeria)
<p><b>Table ²:</b> Percentage of contribution of the selected variables for habitat suitability modeling for the striped hyaena in Batna, Algeria.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Environmental variables</th><th>Contribution to prediction capacity (%)</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Shrubland</th><td>37.5</td></tr><tr><th>Slope</th><td>30.2</td></tr><tr><th>Built-up areas</th><td>12</td></tr><tr><th>Distance to roads</th><td>7.9</td></tr><tr><th>DEM</th><td>5.2</td></tr><tr><th>BIO3 (isothermality)</th><td>4.9</td></tr><tr><th>Distance to waterbodies</th><td>2.3</td></tr></tbody></table>
Hyaenas and lions: how the largest African carnivores interact at carcasses
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