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45 results for “Hydraulic fracturing”
Radial Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment: 1 Cycle of Fracture Propagation, Arrest, and Closure in Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone - Sample M03
<h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4> <p>This dataset encompasses detailed measurements from a lab-scale radial hydraulic fracturing experiment conducted on a cubic sample of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone, designated as Sample M03. The sandstone, sourced from a quarry in Fribourg, Switzerland, is known for its porosity (18.1%) and permeability, making it an ideal material for studying hydraulic fracture processes. The primary focus of the experiment was to observe and analyze the propagation, arrest, and closure of hydraulic fractures under controlled triaxial stress conditions.</p> <h4><strong>Experimental Setup</strong></h4> <p>The experiment was conducted on a cubic sandstone sample with dimensions of 25 × 25 × 25 cm. The sample was placed in a truetriaxial frame that applied confining stresses in all three principal directions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Vertical Confining Stress:</strong> 7 MPa</li> <li><strong>Horizontal Confining Stress:</strong> 14 MPa</li> </ul> <p>A <strong>viscous glucose fluid containing a UV additive</strong> was used as the fracturing fluid. This fluid was injected through a 1/8'' high-pressure tube cemented with epoxy into a centrally drilled hole within the sample. An axisymmetric notch was created at the injection point to facilitate fracture initiation and promote the planarity of the fracture.</p> <p>The experiment was designed to simulate one cycle of fracture initiation, propagation, arrest, and closure. The closure of the fracture was occured by the leakoff of the fracturing fluid into the surrounding porous medium.</p> <h4><strong>Acoustic Monitoring</strong></h4> <p>To capture the dynamics of fracture propagation and closure, the experiment employed both passive and active acoustic monitoring systems:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Passive Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Sensors:</strong> 16 Vallen VS150-M passive piezoelectric sensors were used to capture Acoustic Emissions (AEs) within the frequency range of 50 kHz to 600 kHz.</li> <li><strong>Signal Processing:</strong> Continuous signal analysis and denoising were performed on the captured AE data. The STA/LTA algorithm was applied to the denoised signal to identify potential p-wave arrivals, providing insights into the fracture mechanics.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Active Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Transducers:</strong> A total of 64 piezoelectric transducers were integrated into the loading platens, with 32 acting as sources and 32 as receivers. The array included 10 shear-wave and 54 longitudinal-wave transducers.</li> <li><strong>Signal Generation and Acquisition:</strong> A Ricker excitation signal with a central frequency adjustable between 300 and 750 kHz was generated and amplified using a high-power amplifier. The signal was routed to one of the 32 source transducers via a multiplexer, and the resulting signals were recorded simultaneously by the 32 receiver transducers at a sampling frequency of 50 MHz. Each source was excited 50 times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, with the complete acquisition sequence taking approximately 2.5 seconds.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <h4><strong>Additional Measurements</strong></h4> <p>In addition to acoustic monitoring, several other key measurements were recorded during the experiment:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fluid Injection Parameters:</strong> The pressure and rate of fluid injection were continuously monitored.</li> <li><strong>Flat-Jack and Piston Parameters:</strong> The pressures and volumes exerted by each pair of flat-jacks were recorded at a frequency of 1 Hz.</li> <li><strong>Fracture Opening Measurement:</strong> An eddy current sensor, an electromagnetic inductive device, was placed inside the wellbore at the notch/inlet to directly measure the fracture opening.</li> </ul> <p>All measurements were synchronized using a dedicated LabView application to ensure consistency across the dataset.</p> <h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4> <p>This dataset provides a comprehensive view of the hydraulic fracturing behavior of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone under controlled laboratory conditions, with a focus on the processes of fracture propagation, arrest, and closure. The dataset includes raw and processed acoustic data, fluid injection metrics, and direct observations of fracture opening. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers studying hydraulic fracturing, rock mechanics, and related fields. The data is suitable for detailed analysis and modeling of fracture mechanics in porous, permeable sandstones.</p> <h4><strong>Note</strong></h4> <p>Since the fracture did not extend to the boundaries of the sample, the sample was subsequently cut, and a core was extracted. This core was then sent for CT-scan analysis, which was used to reconstruct the residual fracture surfaces and assess their roughness. The dataset from this analysis is available in the Related Work section via the provided URL (Talebkeikhah, M. (2024). CT-Scan Image Dataset of Residual Fluid-Driven Fracture in a Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone Core - Post-Radial Hydraulic Fracture Experiment - M03 Sample [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13358916" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13358916</a>).</p> <h4><strong>Processing code</strong></h4> <p>Follow the <strong>URL repositories</strong> below to access to the codes for processing these dataset.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX</a></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate</a></p> <p><strong>Contact and Support</strong></p> <p>Email:</p> <p>Brice Lecampion: brice.lecampion@epfl.ch</p> <p>Mohsen Talebkeikhah: m.talebkeikhah@gmail.com</p>
Hydraulic fracturing block test experiments in Gabbro & Marble - experiments # GABB-002 & MARB-007
<p>This dataset contains raw, processed and inverted data for 2 hydraulic fracturing tests performed in a Zimbabwe gabbro (GABB-002) and a Carrara Marble (MARB-007) at the Geo-Energy lab @ EPFL.</p> <p>[IMPORTANT NOTE: DUE TO file size-constraint, the raw binary filed containing the acoustic data is not part of this zenodo data set - Please contact Prof. B. Lecampion directly if you are interested in playing with the raw acoustic data file]</p> <p>TEST ID - GABB-002 : Lag/viscosity dominated test in a gabbro</p> <p>TEST ID - MARB-007 : Lag/viscosity dominated test in a carrara Marble</p> <p>The details of these two tests and its analysis is described in details in the following publication:</p> <p><strong>Measurements of the evolution of the fluid lag in laboratory hydraulic fracture experiments in rocks</strong></p> <p>Dong Liu, Brice Lecampion</p> <p>Geo-Energy Laboratory, Gaznat Chair on Geo-Energy, Ecole Polytechique Fédérale de Lausanne, EPFL-ENAC-IIC-GEL, Lausanne, Switzerland</p>
Self-propping exists in coal seam hydraulic fractures
<p>This repository contains data used in "Self-propping exists in coal seam hydraulic fractures" submitted by R Li, CZ Qin, SW Wang, and JC Wang.</p>
Characteristic Pressures and Fracture Orientations from Hydraulic Stimulation Project STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X
<p>Characteristic pressure and fracture orientations for each stimulated interval determined in the stimulation campaigns in Reiche Zeche, Freiberg, Germany in the framework of STIMTEC and STIMTEC-X project.</p>
Validation of Fracture Caging to Contain Hydraulic Fractures: Timeseries, Videos, and Model Script
<p>The data file include an Excel spreadsheet and two videos for each experimental test.</p> <p>You can start with reading the ReadMeFirst.txt file to understand the whole structure of the dataset.</p> <p>The caging_model.txt file includes python codes to calculate critical flow rates and uncaged fracture radius according to the theory that the authors developed and will be published soon.</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in toxicity and inorganic composition of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water
<p>Hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas extraction produces large volumes of wastewater, termed flowback and produced water (FPW), that are highly saline and contain a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the present study, FPW samples from ten hydraulically fractured wells, across two geologic formations were collected at various timepoints. Samples were analyzed to determine spatial and temporal variation in their inorganic composition. Results indicate that FPW composition varied both between formations and within a single formation, with large compositional changes occurring over short distances. Temporally, all wells showed a time-dependent increase in inorganic elements, with total dissolved solids increasing by up to 200,000 mg/L over time, primarily due to elements associated with salinity (Cl, Na, Ca, Mg, K). Toxicological analysis of a subset of the FPW samples showed median lethal concentrations (LC<sub>50</sub>) of FPW to the aquatic invertebrate <em>Daphnia magna</em> were highly variable, with the LC<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 1.16% to 13.7% FPW. Acute toxicity of FPW significantly correlated with salinity, indicating salinity is a primary driver of FPW toxicity, however organic components also contributed to toxicity. This study provides insight into spatiotemporal variability of FPW composition and illustrates the difficulty in predicting aquatic risk associated with FPW.</p>
Radial Hydraulic Fracturing Experiment: 3 Cycles of Fracture Propagation, Arrest, and Closure in Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone - Sample M04
<h4><strong>Overview</strong></h4> <p>This dataset encompasses detailed measurements from a lab-scale radial hydraulic fracturing experiment conducted on a cubic sample of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone, designated as Sample M04. The sandstone, sourced from a quarry in Fribourg, Switzerland, is known for its porosity (18.1%) and permeability, making it an ideal material for studying hydraulic fracture processes. The primary focus of the experiment was to observe and analyze the propagation, arrest, and closure of hydraulic fractures under controlled triaxial stress conditions.</p> <h4><strong>Experimental Setup</strong></h4> <p>The experiment was conducted on a cubic sandstone sample with dimensions of 25 × 25 × 25 cm. The sample was placed in a truetriaxial frame that applied confining stresses in all three principal directions:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Vertical Confining Stress:</strong> 5 MPa</li> <li><strong>Horizontal Confining Stress:</strong> 15 MPa</li> </ul> <p>A <strong>viscous glycerol fluid (0.57 Pa.s) containing a UV additive</strong> was used as the fracturing fluid. This fluid was injected through a 1/8'' high-pressure tube cemented with epoxy into a centrally drilled hole within the sample. An axisymmetric notch was created at the injection point to facilitate fracture initiation and promote the planarity of the fracture.</p> <p>The experiment was designed to simulate three cycles of fracture initiation, propagation, arrest, and closure. The closure of the fracture was occured by the leakoff of the fracturing fluid into the surrounding porous medium.</p> <h4><strong>Acoustic Monitoring</strong></h4> <p>To capture the dynamics of fracture propagation and closure, the experiment employed both passive and active acoustic monitoring systems:</p> <ol> <li> <p><strong>Passive Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Sensors:</strong> 16 Vallen VS150-M passive piezoelectric sensors were used to capture Acoustic Emissions (AEs) within the frequency range of 50 kHz to 600 kHz.</li> <li><strong>Signal Processing:</strong> Continuous signal analysis and denoising were performed on the captured AE data. The STA/LTA algorithm was applied to the denoised signal to identify potential p-wave arrivals, providing insights into the fracture mechanics.</li> </ul> </li> <li> <p><strong>Active Acoustic Monitoring:</strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Transducers:</strong> A total of 64 piezoelectric transducers were integrated into the loading platens, with 32 acting as sources and 32 as receivers. The array included 10 shear-wave and 54 longitudinal-wave transducers.</li> <li><strong>Signal Generation and Acquisition:</strong> A Ricker excitation signal with a central frequency adjustable between 300 and 750 kHz was generated and amplified using a high-power amplifier. The signal was routed to one of the 32 source transducers via a multiplexer, and the resulting signals were recorded simultaneously by the 32 receiver transducers at a sampling frequency of 50 MHz. Each source was excited 50 times to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, with the complete acquisition sequence taking approximately 2.5 seconds.</li> </ul> </li> </ol> <h4><strong>Additional Measurements</strong></h4> <p>In addition to acoustic monitoring, several other key measurements were recorded during the experiment:</p> <ul> <li><strong>Fluid Injection Parameters:</strong> The pressure and rate of fluid injection were continuously monitored.</li> <li><strong>Flat-Jack and Piston Parameters:</strong> The pressures and volumes exerted by each pair of flat-jacks were recorded at a frequency of 1 Hz.</li> <li><strong>Fracture Opening Measurement:</strong> An eddy current sensor, an electromagnetic inductive device, was placed inside the wellbore at the notch/inlet to directly measure the fracture opening.</li> </ul> <p>All measurements were synchronized using a dedicated LabView application to ensure consistency across the dataset.</p> <h4><strong>Conclusion</strong></h4> <p>This dataset provides a comprehensive view of the hydraulic fracturing behavior of Molasse de Villarlod sandstone under controlled laboratory conditions, with a focus on the processes of fracture propagation, arrest, and closure. The dataset includes raw and processed acoustic data, fluid injection metrics, and direct observations of fracture opening. It is an invaluable resource for researchers and engineers studying hydraulic fracturing, rock mechanics, and related fields. The data is suitable for detailed analysis and modeling of fracture mechanics in porous, permeable sandstones.</p> <h4><strong>Note</strong></h4> <p>Since the fracture did not extend to the boundaries of the sample, the sample was subsequently cut, and a core was extracted. This core was then sent for CT-scan analysis, which was used to reconstruct the residual fracture surfaces and assess their roughness. The dataset from this analysis is available in the Related Work section via the provided URL (Talebkeikhah, M. (2024). CT-Scan Image Dataset of Residual Fluid-Driven Fracture in a Molasse de Villarlod Sandstone Core - Post-Radial Hydraulic Fracture Experiment - M04 Sample [Data set]. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13357511" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13357511</a>).</p> <h4><strong>Processing code</strong></h4> <p>Follow the <strong>URL repositories</strong> below to access to the codes for processing these dataset.</p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/ActiveAcoustiX</a></p> <p><a href="https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate">https://github.com/GeoEnergyLab-EPFL/FracLowRate</a></p> <p><strong>Contact and Support</strong></p> <p>Email:</p> <p>Brice Lecampion: brice.lecampion@epfl.ch</p> <p>Mohsen Talebkeikhah: m.talebkeikhah@gmail.com</p>
Data from: Brittle sedimentary strata focus a multimodal depth distribution of seismicity during hydraulic fracturing in the Sichuan basin, southwest China
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Spatial and temporal variation in toxicity and inorganic composition of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Friction of Longmaxi shale gouges and implications for seismicity during hydraulic fracturing
<p>Longmaxi formation shales are the major target reservoir for shale gas extraction in the Sichuan Basin, southwest China. Swarms of earthquakes accompanying hydraulic fracturing are observed at depths typified by the Longmaxi formation. Mineral composition varies broadly through the stratigraphic section due to different depositional environments. The section is generally tectosilicate-poor and phyllosilicate-rich with a minor portion (~5 <i>wt</i>.%) the converse. We measure the frictional and stability properties of shale gouges taken from the full stratigraphic section at hydrothermal conditions. Velocity-stepping experiments were performed on representative shale gouges at <i>σ<sub>c</sub></i> = 60 <i>MPa</i>, <i>P<sub>f</sub></i> = 30 <i>MPa</i> and <i>T</i> =150 <i>℃</i>. Results show that the gouges are generally frictionally strong with friction coefficients spanning a range of 0.50-0.75. Two phyllosilicate+TOC-poor gouges exhibited higher frictional strength and velocity weakening behavior, capable of potentially unstable fault slips, while only velocity strengthening behavior was observed for the remaining phyllosilicate+TOC-rich gouges. These results confirm that the frictional and stability properties are mainly controlled by phyllosilicate+TOC content. Elevating the temperature further weakens the gouges and drives it towards velocity weakening. The presence of observed seismicity in majority velocity strengthening materials suggest the importance of the minority velocity weakening materials. We suggest a model where seismicity is triggered when high pore fluid pressures drive aseismic slip in the near-field and triggers seismic slip on adjacent faults. Our results have important implications in understanding the physics of earthquakes in Sichuan Basin and highlights the importance of identifying the location and characteristics of faults prior to hydraulic fracturing.</p>
Imaging elastodynamic and hydraulic properties of in-situ fractured rock: An experimental investigation exploring effects of dynamic stressing and shearing
<p>We describe laboratory experiments to elucidate the relationship between nonlinear elasticity and permeability evolution in fractured media subjected to local stress perturbations. This study is part of an effort to image fluid pathways and fracture properties using active-source acoustic monitoring during fluid injection and shear of rough fractures. Experiments were conducted with L-shaped samples of Westerly granite fractured in-situ under tri-axial conditions with deionized water subsequently circulated through the resulting fractures. After in-situ fracturing, we separately imposed oscillations of the applied normal stress and pore pressure with amplitudes ranging from 0.2 to 1 MPa and frequencies from 0.1 to 40 Hz. During these dynamic perturbations an array of piezoelectric transducers continuously transmitted ultrasonic pulses across the fracture to monitor the evolving elastic response. We interpret the resulting evolution of elastic wave properties in the context of elastic nonlinearity and relate the estimated nonlinearity parameters to the relative change in permeability of the fractured media. Fracture roughness is then altered in-situ by shearing, with the generation of breccia and wear products. We document the evolution of permeability and fracture contact stiffness as a function of dynamic stressing and shear offset and discuss our findings in relation to fractures in Earth's crust.</p>
Hydraulic tomography and thermal tracer test data from a fractured-porous field site in Goettingen (Germany)
<p>These data are supplementary material for:</p> <p>Römhild, L., Ringel, L. M., Liu, Q., Hu, L., Ptak, T., & Bayer, P. (2024). Hybrid discrete fracture network inversion of hydraulic tomography data from a fractured-porous field site. Water Resources Research, 60, e2023WR036035. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023WR036035</p> <p>The data set comprises hydraulic tomography and thermal tracer test field data from a porous-fractured site in Göttingen (Germany). The repository contains a schematic figure of the experimental setup and subfolders for the two different experiments. For more information about the data, we refer to the readme files in the repository, and the soon-to-be-published paper (see above).</p>
Experimental data set for hydraulic fracture interactions with discontinuities study
<p>Experimental data included in hydraulic fracture interaction with discontinuities study. The original images in high resolution and the pressure and cumulative acoustic emission activities recordings. </p>
Data from: Remote hydraulic fracturing at weak interfaces
<p>This repository contains the data and processing functions for the diagrams in the manuscript: <em>Remote hydraulic fracturing at weak interfaces</em>.</p>
Supporting Information: Equivalence of Discrete Fracture Network and Porous Media Models by Hydraulic Tomography
<p>Supporting Information README</p> <p>2018-Jan-17</p> <p>"Equivalence of Discrete Fracture Network and Porous Media Models by Hydraulic Tomography"</p> <p>Yanhui Dong, Yunmei Fu, Tian-Chyi Jim Yeh, Yu-Li Wang, Yuanyuan Zha, Liheng Wang, Yonghong Hao</p> <p>This file contains the supplementary data for this manuscript, including the locations and properties of fracture networks, the locations of observation wells and validation wells, the water head used in inverse model and validation tests, as well as the executive file used in the inverse model.</p>
Seismic dataset in "Source-Independent Passive Seismic Reverse-time Structure Imaging with Grouping Imaging Condition: Method and Application to Microseismic Events Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing"
<p>This dataset contains the seismic data and the velocity model used in the manuscript entitled "Source-Independent Passive Seismic Reverse-time Structure Imaging with Grouping Imaging Condition: Method and Application to Microseismic Events Induced by Hydraulic Fracturing" submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research-Solid Earth.</p>
Numerical results data of 'Impact of Injection Pressure and Polyaxial Stress on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Permeability Evolution in Greywacke: Insights from Discrete Element Models of a Laboratory Test'
<p>Numerical results data of '<strong>Impact of Injection Pressure and Polyaxial Stress on Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Permeability Evolution in Greywacke: Insights from Discrete Element Models of a Laboratory Test</strong>'</p>
Data files for 'Tan et al., (2020). Hydraulic fracturing induced seismicity in the southern Sichuan Basin due to fluid diffusion inferred from seismic and injection data analysis'
<p>CEDC catalog.xlsx : the seismic catalog from China Earthquake Data Center (https://data.earthquake.cn/)</p> <p>Local network catalog.xlsx : the seismic catalog of the local seismic network</p> <p>Injection data of N5&N7.xlsx : the injection data of N5 and N7 (with permission of the operator)</p>
Data from: Friction of Longmaxi shale gouges and implications for seismicity during hydraulic fracturing
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data set for hydraulic fracture interactions with discontinuities study
<p>Data set used to generate results for hydraulic fracture interaction with discontinuities study</p>
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