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Figure 2 in An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo

Figure 2. Consensus Bayesian tree generated from partial sequences of cytochrome b (680 bp), applying the model GTR + I + G and implemented in MrBayes 3.2 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist, 2001; Ronquist et al., 2012). The first number at each node indicates posterior probability and the second indicates bootstrap support as generated by RAxML (Stamatakis, 2006; Stamatakis et al., 2008; Stamatakis & Ott, 2008), employing the model GTR+G. An asterisk (*) indicates that support for that node is greater than 0.95 posterior probabilities in the Bayesian analysis and 95% bootstrap support in the ML analysis. The clade identity of every sequenced specimen is provided in Figure 3. The geographical origins of the different samples per species are indicated as A = Africa and M = Madagascar. Numbers in parentheses indicate the number of sequences included in the analysis for that clade as per the reduced dataset. See Monadjem et al. (2010) for the definition of Neoromicia cf. melckorum. The clade identity of every sequenced individual is provided in Figure 3.

Figure 7 in An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo

Figure 7. Dorsal (above) and lateral (below) views of bacula from six species of Neoromicia. A, Neoromicia matroka (FMNH 222725, total length 2.12 mm) from Mantadia; B, Neoromicia matroka (FMNH 222728, total length 2.26 mm) from Anjozorobe; C, Neoromicia malagasyensis (FMNH 222724, total length 2.25 mm) from Isalo; D, Neoromicia robertsi (FMNH 222729, total length 3.12 mm), from Anjozorobe; E, Neoromicia capensis, dorsal view (TM 48490, ECJS-112/2009, total length 2.04 mm) and lateral view (TM 48485, ECJS-03/2009, lateral view, total length 2.01 mm) from Botswana; F: Neoromicia nana (TM 48573, UP-923, total length 1.32 mm), from South Africa; G, Neoromicia cf. melckorum (NMZL ECJS-114/ 2010, total length 2.55 mm) from Zambia.

Figure 6 in An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo

Figure 6. Plot of principal component scores associated with the five bioacoustic variables for genotyped Malagasy vesper specimens on A, PC1 vs. PC2, B, PC1 vs. PC3 and C) PC2 vs. PC3. Information on component loadings is presented in Table 7.

Figure 11 in An integrative approach to characterize Malagasy bats of the subfamily Vespertilioninae Gray, 1821, with the description of a new species of Hypsugo

Figure 11. Photographs of Hypsugo bemainty sp. nov. holotype (FMNH 217884) from Kirindy (CNFEREF) A, ventral view and B, dorsal view (photographs by Steven M. Goodman). Note multicoloured shaggy fur and dark brown wing and tail membranes.

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Fig. 3 in First records of Hypsugo joffrei (Thomas, 1915) and the revision of Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840) specimens (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Indian Subcontinent

Fig. 3. Lateral views of skulls of (a) H. joffrei holotype from Myanmar (BMNH 88.12.1.37), (b) H. anthonyi holotype from Myanmar (AMNH 114849), (c) H. joffrei from Shillong, Meghalaya (ZSI V/M/ERS/292), (d) H. joffrei from Sikkim (MSB 67467), (e) H. joffrei from Nepal (FMNH 114249). Scale bar represents 5 mm.

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Fig. 2 in First records of Hypsugo joffrei (Thomas, 1915) and the revision of Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840) specimens (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Indian Subcontinent

Fig. 2. Portrait of H. joffrei specimen ZSI V/M/ERS/292. Note the enlarged muzzle and short, roundish tragus.

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FIGURE 2 in Canines make the difference: a new species of Hypsugo (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Laos and Vietnam

FIGURE 2. Portrait of a living specimen of H. dolichodon n. sp. (ROM 110807, from Vietnam).

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TABLE 2 in Canines make the difference: a new species of Hypsugo (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Laos and Vietnam

<p><b>TABLE 2</b>. Factor loadings of craniodental characters obtained by the PCA.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Character</th><th>PC1</th><th>PC2</th><th>PC3</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>GLS-i</th><td>0.837</td><td>-0.140</td><td>0.105</td></tr><tr><th>GLS</th><td>0.871</td><td>-0.291</td><td>0.054</td></tr><tr><th>CCL</th><td>0.932</td><td>-0.202</td><td>-0.032</td></tr><tr><th>C1C1W</th><td>0.678</td><td>-0.167</td><td>0.156</td></tr><tr><th>M3M3W</th><td>0.862</td><td>-0.142</td><td>0.057</td></tr><tr><th>IOW</th><td>0.418</td><td>0.648</td><td>0.355</td></tr><tr><th>MAW</th><td>0.724</td><td>0.483</td><td>-0.08</td></tr><tr><th>BCW</th><td>0.515</td><td>0.672</td><td>0.306</td></tr><tr><th>BCH</th><td>0.575</td><td>-0.527</td><td>0.398</td></tr><tr><th>CM3L</th><td>0.886</td><td>0.114</td><td>-0.297</td></tr><tr><th>CP4L</th><td>0.682</td><td>-0.056</td><td>-0.600</td></tr><tr><th>ML</th><td>0.857</td><td>-0.039</td><td>-0.064</td></tr><tr><th>cm3L</th><td>0.840</td><td>0.270</td><td>-0.296</td></tr><tr><th>CPH</th><td>0.765</td><td>-0.166</td><td>0.313</td></tr><tr><th>Eigenvalue</th><td>8.101</td><td>1.693</td><td>1.064</td></tr><tr><th>Percentage of variance (%)</th><td>57.9</td><td>12.1</td><td>7.6</td></tr></tbody></table>

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TABLE 1 in Canines make the difference: a new species of Hypsugo (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Laos and Vietnam

<p><b>TABLE 1</b>. Selected external and craniodental measurements (in mm) of <i>H. pulveratus</i> and <i>H. dolichodon</i> <b>n. sp.</b> Values are given as mean, ± SD (n ≥ 2), min-max, (n). Acronyms and definitions for measurements are given in the text.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>character</th><th><i>H. pulveratus</i></th><th><i>H. pulveratus</i> &male;</th><th><i>H. pulveratus</i> &female;</th><th><i>H. dolichodon</i> <b>n.sp.</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>FA</th><td>34.6 ± 1.39 32.4–37.6 (32)</td><td>34.2 ± 0.99 32.4–35.8 (19)</td><td>35.4 ± 1.63 32.4–37.6 (11)</td><td>37.0 ± 1.30 35.2–38.4 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>TIB</th><td>13.9 ± 0.53 12.9–14.7 (11)</td><td>13.7 ± 0.42 13.0–14.1 (5)</td><td>14.0 ± 0.62 12.9–14.7 (6)</td><td>14.4 ± 0.20 14.2–14.5 (2)</td></tr><tr><th>HF</th><td>6.1 ± 0.79 4.7–8.2 (24)</td><td>6.0 ± 0.81 4.7–8.0 (14)</td><td>6.3 ± 0.78 5.4–8.2 (10)</td><td>6.4 ± 0.50 5.9–7.0 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>GLS-i</th><td>14.01 ± 0.38 13.26–14.64 (26)</td><td>13.89 ± 0.38 13.26–14.28 (11)</td><td>14.12 ± 0.40 13.32–14.64 (13)</td><td>14.25 ± 0.43 13.83–14.83 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>GLS</th><td>13.75 ± 0.25 13.26–14.11 (26)</td><td>13.66 ± 0.22 13.26–13.94 (11)</td><td>13.81 ± 0.27 13.32–14.11 (13)</td><td>13.76 ± 0.41 13.30–14.29 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>CCL</th><td>12.63 ± 0.30 12.00–13.20 (28)</td><td>12.53 ± 0.22 12.12–12.81 (12)</td><td>12.75 ± 0.31 12.00–13.20 (13)</td><td>12.86 ± 0.36 12.45–13.31 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>C1C1W</th><td>4.22 ± 0.19 3.72–4.53 (30)</td><td>4.27 ± 0.18 4.00–4.53 (12)</td><td>4.20 ± 0.20 3.72–4.42 (14)</td><td>4.17 ± 0.19 4.00–4.40 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>M3M3W</th><td>5.73 ± 0.21 5.20–6.11 (29)</td><td>5.69 ± 0.13 5.34–5.83 (11)</td><td>5.78 ± 0.26 5.20–6.11 (14)</td><td>5.77 ± 0.20 5.52–6.00 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>RW</th><td>4.95 ± 0.22 4.53–5.45 (30)</td><td>4.95 ± 0.18 4.62–5.24 (12)</td><td>4.95 ± 0.26 4.53–5.45 (14)</td><td>5.20 ± 0.35 4.87–5.65 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>IOW</th><td>3.73 ± 0.15 3.33–3.99 (31)</td><td>3.75 ± 0.14 3.50–3.97 (12)</td><td>3.70 ± 0.17 3.33–3.99 (15)</td><td>3.86 ± 0.06 3.77–3.90 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>ZYW</th><td>8.46 ± 0.18 8.15–8.80 (21)</td><td>8.39 ± 0.15 8.16–8.62 (11)</td><td>8.52 ± 0.20 8.15–8.80 (8)</td><td>8.43 ± 0.35 8.18–8.68 (2)</td></tr><tr><th>MAW</th><td>7.24 ± 0.13 6.94–7.56 (27)</td><td>7.23 ± 0.12 7.00–7.37 (12)</td><td>7.27 ± 0.15 6.94–7.56 (12)</td><td>7.66 ± 0.14 7.47–7.77 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>BCW</th><td>6.75 ± 0.16 6.18–6.97 (27)</td><td>6.79 ± 0.12 6.58–6.97 (11)</td><td>6.72 ± 0.20 6.18–6.96 (13)</td><td>6.97 ± 0.17 6.79–7.12 (3)</td></tr><tr><th>BCH</th><td>4.81 ± 0.13 4.62–5.10 (25)</td><td>4.78 ± 0.10 4.62–4.97 (10)</td><td>4.82 ± 0.15 4.62–5.10 (12)</td><td>4.84 ± 0.15 4.67–5.04 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>AOB</th><td>0.85 ± 0.19 0.54–1.17 (22)</td><td>0.87 ± 0.14 0.76–1.10 (7)</td><td>0.87 ± 0.21 0.54–1.17 (13)</td><td>0.96 ± 0.07 0.92–1.06 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>CM3L</th><td>4.88 ± 0.14 4.57–5.15 (33)</td><td>4.87 ± 0.14 4.62–5.11 (14)</td><td>4.91 ± 0.14 4.64–5.15 (15)</td><td>5.05 ± 0.15 4.84–5.19 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>CP4L</th><td>1.99 ± 0.12 1.66–2.23 (33)</td><td>2.01 ± 0.11 1.81–2.17 (14)</td><td>1.97 ± 0.14 1.66–2.23 (15)</td><td>2.09 ± 0.20 1.80–2.24 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>ML</th><td>9.65 ± 0.21 9.15–9.96 (31)</td><td>9.59 ± 0.18 9.29–9.92 (14)</td><td>9.75 ± 0.15 9.50–9.96 (14)</td><td>10.00 ± 0.28 9.59–10.21 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>cm3L</th><td>5.20 ± 0.14 4.86–5.47 (33)</td><td>5.19 ± 0.14 4.98–5.47 (14)</td><td>5.24 ± 0.13 5.01–5.39 (15)</td><td>5.49 ± 0.14 5.34–5.65 (4)</td></tr><tr><th>CPH</th><td>2.75 ± 0.11 2.52–3.02 (33)</td><td>2.71 ± 0.09 2.52–2.85 (14)</td><td>2.79 ± 0.13 2.58–3.02 (15)</td><td>2.90 ± 0.20 2.72–3.11 (3)</td></tr></tbody></table>

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Fig. 4 in First records of Hypsugo joffrei (Thomas, 1915) and the revision of Philetor brachypterus (Temminck, 1840) specimens (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from the Indian Subcontinent

Fig. 4. Map representation of the known occurrences of H. joffrei.

FIG. 7 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 7. Lower left (left three images) and upper left (right three images) toothrows of (a) P. happoldorum gen nov., sp. nov. (holotype), (b) P. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1968.0005), and (c) P. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM-2008.0299 and 2009.0030).

FIG. 3 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 3. Terminal part of penes (a, dorsal view) and bacula (b, X-rays) of (left) genus nov., sp. nov. (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), (middle) genus nov. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1999.0676), and (right) genus nov. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030). Scale

FIG. 12 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 12. Crania in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view of a) P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (holotype), b) P. eisentrauti (ZFMK-MAM-1968.0005), and c) P. bellieri (ZFMK-MAM- 2009.0030). Scale is 10 mm

FIG. 11 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 11. Cranium and mandible of the holotype (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029) of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov.; dorsal, ventral, and cranium and mandible in lateral view. Scale is 10 mm

FIG. 6 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 6. First two upper incisors in lateral view; tip of the second incisor marked by a bar. Genus nov. (a, sp. nov.; b, eisentrauti; c, bellieri); Hypsugo (d, savii; e, caucasicus; f, pulveratus); Neoromicia (g, zuluensis; h, somalica; j, nana); Pipistellus (k, pipistrellus; l, nanulus; m, cf. grandidieri). Left column shows the type species of the respective genera. The arrows show a hook-like structure

FIG. 2 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 2. Rhinaria in front view (from left to right) of genus nov., sp. nov. (ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), Hypsugo savii (ZFMK- MAM-1983.0072), Neoromicia zuluensis (ZFMK-MAM-1997.0562), and Pipistrellus pipistrellus (ZFMK-MAM-1995.0140).

FIG. 1 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 1. Bayesian consensus topology based on the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the cytochrome b (Cyt-b) gene. Tadarida brasiliensis and T. teniotis were designated as outgroup taxa. See Appendix I for a complete list of GenBank numbers.

FIG. 10 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 10. Views of the heads of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (upper figure, holotype; ZFMK-MAM-2009. 0029) and P. bellieri (below; ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030) after capture in Guinea. Note differences in ears and sensory fields above

FIG. 5. A in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 5. A principal components analysis (PCA) graph plotting the first two components for cranial and dental measurements of four species of the new genus from West Africa, including the holotypes (indicated by arrows — see text for further details). See Table 3 for the variables used in this analysis and the loadings on PC1 and PC2. Triangles represent specimens of genus nov. crassulus,

FIG. 8 in A new genus and species of vesper bat from West Africa, with notes on Hypsugo, Neoromicia, and Pipistrellus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

FIG. 8. Details of thumb and outer ears of P. happoldorum gen. nov., sp. nov. (a, d, holotype ZFMK-MAM-2009.0029), P. eisentrauti (b, e, ZFMK-MAM-1999.0676), and P. bellieri (c, f, ZFMK-MAM-2009.0030). Scale is 5 mm