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64 results for “Immunity: evolution”
Data from: Evolution of the immune system influences speciation rates in teleost fishes
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Data from: Rapid evolution of larval life history, adult immune function and flight muscles in a poleward moving damselfly
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Data from: Life-history and ecological variables as drivers of the evolution of avian innate immune defences
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Evidence for reduced immune gene diversity and activity during the evolution of termites
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Data from: Dealing with the adaptive immune system during de novo evolution of genes from intergenic sequences
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Data from: Immune priming specificity within and across generations reveals the range of pathogens affecting evolution of immunity in an insect
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Evolution of an insect immune barrier through horizontal gene transfer mediated by a parasitic wasp
<p>Numerical data that underlies tables and graphs (figures 1-7, 9, 10; table 1) and statistics of the PLOS Genetics article from Di Lelio et al., 2019.</p>
Data from: Molecular evolution in immune genes across the avian tree of life
All organisms encounter pathogens, and birds are especially susceptible to infection by malaria parasites and other haemosporidians. It is important to understand how immune genes, primarily innate immune genes which are the first line of host defense, have evolved across birds, a highly diverse group of tetrapods. Here, we find that innate immune genes are highly conserved across the avian tree of life and that although most show evidence of positive or diversifying selection within specific lineages or clades, the number of sites is often proportionally low in this broader context of putative constraint. Rather, evidence shows a much higher level of negative or purifying selection in these innate immune genes – rather than adaptive immune genes – which is consistent with birds' long coevolutionary history with pathogens and the need to maintain a rapid response to infection. We further explored avian responses to haemosporidians by comparing differential gene expression in wild birds (1) uninfected with haemosporidians, (2) infected with Plasmodium and (3) infected with Haemoproteus (Parahaemoproteus). We found patterns of significant differential expression with some genes unique to infection with each genus and a few shared between 'treatment' groups, but none that overlapped with the genes included in the phylogenetic study.
Data from: Experimental evolution reveals trade-offs between mating and immunity
Immune system maintenance and upregulation is costly. Sexual selection intensity, which increases male investment into reproductive traits, is expected to create trade-offs with immune function. We assayed phenoloxidase (PO) and lytic activity of individuals from populations of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, which had been evolving under different intensities of sexual selection. We found significant divergence among populations, with males from female-biased populations having lower PO activity than males from balanced sex ratio or male-biased populations. There was no divergence in anti-bacterial lytic activity. Our data suggest that it is the increased male mating demands in female-biased populations that trades-off against immunity, and not the increased investment in sperm transfer per mating that characterizes male-biased populations.
Data from: The effect of bacterial mutation rate on the evolution of CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity
CRISPR-Cas immune systems are present in around half of bacterial genomes. Given the specificity and adaptability of this immune mechanism, it is perhaps surprising that they are not more widespread. Recent insights into the requirement for specific host factors for the function of some CRISPR-Cas subtypes, as well as the negative epistasis between CRISPR-Cas and other host genes, have shed light on potential reasons for the partial distribution of this immune strategy in bacteria. In this study, we examined how mutations in the bacterial mismatch repair system, which are frequently observed in natural and clinical isolates and cause elevated host mutation rates, influence the evolution of CRISPR-Cas–mediated immunity. We found that hosts with a high mutation rate very rarely evolved CRISPR-based immunity to phage compared to wild-type hosts. We explored the reason for this effect and found that the higher frequency at which surface mutants pre-exist in the mutator host background causes them to rapidly become the dominant phenotype under phage infection. These findings suggest that natural variation in bacterial mutation rates may, therefore, influence the distribution of CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems.
Data from: Experimental evolution of external immune defenses in the red flour beetle
The red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, secretes quinones that control the microbial flora in the surrounding environment. These secretions act as an external immune defence that provides protection against pathogens. At high concentrations, however, these secretions are harmful to the host itself, and selection may thus have optimized the level of expression under natural conditions. Here, we show that the expression of external immunity responded to selection during experimental evolution within a few generations. At the same time, one component of internal immune defence (phenoloxidase activity) was compromised in beetles selected for either high or low external defences. Intriguingly, offspring protection against a natural pathogen was reduced in flour obtained from beetle lines selected for low amounts of secretions. Altogether, this suggests that external and internal immune defences work together efficiently under natural conditions, whereas every manipulation on the side of external immune defence comes with costs to the internal immune defence.
Data from: Evolution of an insect immune barrier through horizontal gene transfer mediated by a parasitic wasp
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Data from: Immune evasion and the evolution of molecular mimicry in parasites
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Data from: The effect of bacterial mutation rate on the evolution of CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity
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Data from: Experimental evolution reveals trade-offs between mating and immunity
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Data from: Evolution of longevity improves immunity in Drosophila
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Data from: Experimental evolution of external immune defenses in the red flour beetle
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Data from: Molecular evolution in immune genes across the avian tree of life
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Data from: Functional crosstalk across IMD and Toll pathways: insight into the evolution of incomplete immune cascades
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Evolution of immune and stromal cell states and ecotypes during gastric adenocarcinoma progression
GEO Series GSE234129. Homo sapiens. 17 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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