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17,699 results for “India”
Landslides from Space - Dzongu Landslide, India (2nd August 2016)
<p>On 2nd of August 2016 an impressive landslide appeared in Northern India. A mountainside collapsed and blocked a river.<br> <br> The pre-event acquisition is from 9th July 2016 (Sentinel-2) and the post-event acquisition is from 27th October 2016 (Sentinel-2). A false colour composite with near-infrared, red and green band is visualised as RGB image.<br> <br> <em>Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data (2016)</em></p>
Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1907-13. Photo 1004/2 : 1907-1913 (.jpg format)
<p>This is a digitized collections of photos held by the British Library (catalog record photo 1004/2). These photos were taken by the Archeological Survey of India (Burma Circle) between 1907-1913. The digitization was conducted by the photography lab of the British Library as part of the Pyu epigraphy sub-project (PI, Nathan W. Hill of SOAS University of London) of the ERC synergy grant "Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State" (Identifier: ASIA 609823). The original photographs are under crown copyright, which means that sufficient time has past for them to be distributed to the public. Here is the record from the BL--</p> <ul> <li><strong>Title:</strong> <p>Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1907-13. Photographer(s): Archaeological Survey of India</p> </li> <li><strong>Collection Area: </strong> Visual Arts</li> <li><strong>Reference: </strong> Photo 1004/2</li> <li><strong>Creation Date: </strong> 1907-1913</li> <li><strong>Extent and Access: </strong><br> <strong>Extent: </strong>321 items<br> <strong>Conditions of Use: </strong>Appointment Required to view these records. Please consult Asian and African Studies Print Room staff.</li> <li><strong>Language: </strong> Not applicable</li> <li><strong>Contents and Scope: </strong><br> <strong>Contents: </strong> <p>Blue half-leather album, 385x322mm, containing prints mounted on pages interleaved with tissue. The photographs were taken by the Archaeological Survey, Burma, between 1907-13, and listed in the annual Report of the Superintendent... Copies of each year's report precede the photographs for that year, as follows:</p> <p>Year Photo no</p> <p>1907-08 510-609</p> <p>1908-09 610-750</p> <p>1909-10 751-859</p> <p>1910-11 860-962</p> <p>1911-12 963-1053</p> <p>1912-13 1054-1182</p> <p>The photographs, including views of Burmese architecture, sculpture and relics, were taken under the direction of the Superintendent, a post held at the time by Taw Sein Ko.</p> <p>Process = Collodio-chloride and gelatine silver prints</p> <p>Photographers = Archaeological Survey of India., ;</p> </li> <li><strong>History: </strong><br> <strong>Immediate Source of Acquisition: </strong> <p>Official Deposit</p> </li> </ul>
Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1913-1916. Photo 1004/3 : 1913-1916 (.jpg format)
<p>This is a digitized collections of photos held by the British Library (catalog record photo 1004/3). These photos were taken by the Archeological Survey of India (Burma Circle) between 1913-1916. The digitization was conducted by the photography lab of the British Library as part of the Pyu epigraphy sub-project (PI, Nathan W. Hill of SOAS University of London) of the ERC synergy grant "Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State" (Identifier: ASIA 609823). The original photographs are under crown copyright, which means that sufficient time has past for them to be distributed to the public. Here is the record from the BL--</p> <ul> <li><strong>Title:</strong> <p>Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1913-16. Photographer(s): Archaeological Survey of India</p> </li> <li><strong>Collection Area: </strong> Visual Arts</li> <li><strong>Reference: </strong> Photo 1004/3</li> <li><strong>Creation Date: </strong> 1913-1916</li> <li><strong>Extent and Access: </strong><br> <strong>Extent: </strong>265 items<br> <strong>Conditions of Use: </strong>Appointment Required to view these records. Please consult Asian and African Studies Print Room staff.</li> <li><strong>Language: </strong> Not applicable</li> <li><strong>Contents and Scope: </strong><br> <strong>Contents: </strong> <p>Blue half-leather album, 385x322mm, containing prints mounted on pages interleaved with tissue. The photographs were taken by the Archaeological Survey, Burma, between 1913-16, and listed in the annual Report of the Superintendent... Copies of each year's report precede the photographs for that year, as follows:</p> <p>Year Photo no</p> <p>1913-14 1183-1317</p> <p>1914-15 1318-1490</p> <p>1915-16 1491-1593</p> <p>The photographs, including views of Burmese architecture, sculpture and relics, were taken under the direction of the Superintendent, a post held at the time by Taw Sein Ko.</p> <p>Process = Gelatine silver prints</p> <p>Photographers = Archaeological Survey of India., ;</p> </li> <li><strong>History: </strong><br> <strong>Immediate Source of Acquisition: </strong> <p>Official Deposit</p> </li> </ul>
Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1916-22. Photo 1004/4 : 1916-22 (.jpg format)
<p>This is a digitized collections of photos held by the British Library (catalog record photo 1004/4). These photos were taken by the Archeological Survey of India (Burma Circle) between 1916-22. The digitization was conducted by the photography lab of the British Library as part of the Pyu epigraphy sub-project (PI, Nathan W. Hill of SOAS University of London) of the ERC synergy grant "Beyond Boundaries: Religion, Region, Language and the State" (Identifier: ASIA 609823). The original photographs are under crown copyright, which means that sufficient time has past for them to be distributed to the public. Here is the record from the BL--</p> <ul> <li><strong>Title:</strong> <p>Archaeological Survey of India Collections: Burma Circle, 1916-22. Photographer(s): Archaeological Survey of India</p> </li> <li><strong>Collection Area: </strong> Visual Arts</li> <li><strong>Reference: </strong> Photo 1004/4</li> <li><strong>Creation Date: </strong> 1916-1922</li> <li><strong>Extent and Access: </strong><br> <strong>Extent: </strong>238 items<br> <strong>Conditions of Use: </strong>Appointment Required to view these records. Please consult Asian and African Studies Print Room staff.</li> <li><strong>Language: </strong> Not applicable</li> <li><strong>Contents and Scope: </strong><br> <strong>Contents: </strong> <p>Blue half-leather album, 385x335mm, containing prints mounted on pages interleaved with tissue. The photographs were taken by the Archaeological Survey, Burma, between 1916-22 (except for 1917-18 and 1918-19), and listed in the annual Report of the Superintendent ... Copies of each year's report precede the photographs for that year, as follows:</p> <p>Year Photo no</p> <p>1916-17 1594-1743</p> <p>1917-18 No prints</p> <p>1918-19 No prints</p> <p>1919-20 1991-2094</p> <p>1920-21 2095-2203</p> <p>1921-22 2204-2280</p> <p>The photographs, including views of Burmese architecture, sculpture and relics, were taken under the direction of the Superintendent, a post held until 1919 by Taw Sein Ko, and thereafter by his successor Charles Duroiselle.</p> <p>Process = Gelatine silver prints</p> <p>Photographers = Archaeological Survey of India., ;</p> </li> <li><strong>History: </strong><br> <strong>Immediate Source of Acquisition: </strong> <p>Official Deposit</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Unique demographic history and population substructure among the Coorgs of Southern India
<p>Quality filtered GSA data of the individuals analysed in Mukhopadhyay et al., 2024 from Coorg, Karnataka, India.</p> <p> </p>
Tree and habitat structure data from rainforest fragments and coffee plantations in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
<p><strong>TITLE</strong></p><p><strong>Tree and habitat structure data from rainforest fragments and coffee plantations in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India</strong><br> </p><p><strong>DESCRIPTION</strong></p><p>This dataset contains point-centred quarter (PCQ) data on trees and habitat structure measurements data from rainforest fragments and some coffee plantations in the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. The data were gathered to quantity habitat parameters for bird and small carnivorous mamm community studies. Data were gathered mainly by T. R. Shankar Raman and Divya Mudappa (2000 to 2003), Hari Sridhar (2005), and Akshay Surendra (2019).</p><p><strong>Publications</strong></p><p>Specific portions of the dataset have been used in the following publications:</p><ul><li>Mudappa, D. 2001. <a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10603/101890">Ecology of the brown palm civet <i>Paradoxurus jerdoni</i> in the tropical rainforests of the Western Ghats, India</a>. Ph. D. thesis, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore. https://hdl.handle.net/10603/101890</li><li>Raman, T. R. S. 2001. <a href="https://archive.org/details/raman-2001-ph-d-thesis-iisc">Community ecology and conservation of mid-elevation tropical rainforest bird communities in the southern Western Ghats, India</a>. PhD thesis, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore. https://archive.org/details/raman-2001-ph-d-thesis-iisc</li><li>Raman, T.R.S. 2006. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5">Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India</a>. <i>Biodiversity and Conservation</i> 15: 1577–1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-005-2352-5</li><li>Sridhar, H., & Sankar, K. 2008. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408004823">Effects of habitat degradation on mixed-species bird flocks in Indian rain forests</a>. <i>Journal of Tropical Ecology</i> 24: 135-147. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0266467408004823</li><li>Surendra, A. & Raman, T. R. S. 2022. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.22.513365">Forest bird decline and community change over 19 years in long-isolated South Asian tropical rainforest fragments</a>. Preprint. <i>BioRxiv</i> 2022.10.22.513365. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.22.513365<br> </li></ul><p>A related dataset is the following:<br>Raman, T. R. S. (2020). Data from: Effects of Habitat Structure and Adjacent Habitats on Birds in Tropical Rainforest Fragments and Shaded Plantations in the Western Ghats, India. <i>Dryad Dataset.</i> https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m907q<br> </p><p><strong>Curation and corrections</strong></p><p>Data were collated, curated, and corrected before this upload. Besides addition of new columns, explanations of metadata, and other corrections included few related to canopy measurements, effective girth of multi-stem trees, and species identification.</p><p><strong>Acknowledgements</strong></p><p>We are grateful to P. Jeganathan and P. R. Shankar for assistance with data collection in 2000. Others who assisted with field research, and funding agencies related to the specific studies, are acknowledged in the above publications. The data compilation and publication was carried out as part of a grant from Fondation Franklinia to NCF.</p><p><br><strong>CONTACTS</strong><br> </p><p>CONTACT #1<br>1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p><p>CONTACT #2<br>1. Name: Divya Mudappa<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p><p>CONTACT #3<br>1. Name: Hari Sridhar<br>2. Work Address: Wildlife Institute of India, Post Bag #18, Chandrabani, Dehradun – 248001, Uttarakhand, India; Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: harisridhar1982@gmail.com<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3286-0120</p><p>CONTACT #4<br>1. Name: Akshay Surendra<br>2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India; School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT – 06511, USA; New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd, Bronx, NY 10458<br>3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br>4. Email address: akshaysurendra1@gmail.com<br>5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2719-7432<br> </p><p><br><strong>GEOGRAPHIC COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India</p><p>2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p><p><br><strong>TEMPORAL COVERAGE</strong></p><p>1. Begins: 2000-01-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br>2. Ends: 2019-12-31 (Year, Month, Day)</p><p><br><strong>METHODS</strong></p><p>Methods involved are described in the publications listed above. The vegetation sampling methods are briefly described below.</p><p>PCQ data: Trees ≥30cm girth at breast height (gbh, at 1.3 m) were sampled in replicate point-centred quarter (PCQ) points in each of the sites (fragments or coffee plantations).</p><p>All trees in the PCQ plots were identified to species, or in a few cases to genus, using available field guides. Using a tape measure, distance from plot centre to the middle of the bole and GBH were recorded for each tree. At each of the PCQ plots, circular plots were laid to enumerate shrubs and cut trees and record presence or absence of lianas, cane, Lantana etc as described in the metadata. Canopy and leaf litter variables were measured at replicate points, spaced 25 to 50 m apart, in each site. Elevation readings were also taken at these points using an altimeter or handheld GPS. Canopy height was measured using a rangefinder. Percentage canopy cover was measured using a spherical densiometer at each of the 25 points in each site. Vertical stratification was assessed by noting presence or absence of foliage in the following height intervals (in metres): 0–1, 1–2, 2–4, 4–8, 8–16, 16–24, 24–32, and > 32, directly above and in a 0.5 m radius around each point. Leaf litter depth on the forest floor was measured using a calibrated wooden probe at each point. Where ground vegetation and litter were disturbed along trails, the samples were taken away from trails in the forest floor.</p><p><br><strong>FILES INCLUDED</strong><br>Besides the 00_README.txt file that contains this metadata, the dataset includes the following 7 files, whose details and contents are explained below. (Wherever used in the various files, NA implies not available.)<br> </p><p><strong>01) sites.csv -- Details of study sites</strong><br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees North (WGS 84 datum)<br>decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees East (WGS 84 datum)<br>habitat: Habitat type as mature tropical rainforest, tropical rainforest fragment, or coffee plantation<br>Description: Description of the place<br> </p><p><strong>02) allpcqdata.csv -- Tree data from point-centred quarter (PCQ) surveys</strong><br>Year: Year of survey for bird and vegetation study<br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>Point_name: Name ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point as used within a survey year<br>pointID: Unique ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point including year of survey<br>Tree_no: Tree number ID given to the four trees in each PCQ plot (T1 to T4)<br>verbatimIdentification: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name as currently identified under updated taxonomy<br>nativeAlien: Category indicating whether species is native or alien to the region/country<br>kingdom: Taxonomic Kingdom<br>phylum: Taxonomic Phylum<br>Distance_eff: Distance in metres from centre of PCQ plot to centre of tree trunk<br>Girth_eff: Girth in centimetres (cm) at breast height (1.3 m) of the tree after correction (using appropriate formula) in the case of multi-stemmed individuals<br>locationRemarks: Code for site name as originally used<br>SpCode: Species code as originally used during data entry<br>TreeHeight: Tree height in metres (only available in 2019 survey)<br>identificationRemarks: Notes related to identification if available<br>occurrenceRemarks: Notes related to multi-stemmed individuals (girths in cm) if available and note on one possibly errorneous girth<br> </p><p><strong>03) pcqlocations.csv -- Locations of sample PCQ points</strong><br>pointID: Unique ID of point-centred quarter (PCQ) point including year of survey<br>note: Site name code<br>decimalLatitude: Latitude in decimal degrees East (WGS 84 datum)<br>decimalLongitude: Longitude in decimal degrees North (WGS 84 datum)<br>coordinateUncertaintyInMeters: Approximate uncertainty of the location in metres<br> </p><p><strong>04) allhabitat.csv -- Data on habitat structure variables</strong><br>Year: Year of survey for bird and vegetation study<br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>Point: ID of replicate survey point within the Fragment<br>0-1m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 0-1 m above ground<br>1-2m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 1-2 m above ground<br>2-4m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 2-4 m above ground<br>4-8m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 4-8 m above ground<br>8-16m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 8-16 m above ground<br>16-24m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 16-24 m above ground<br>24-32m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band 24-32 m above ground<br>over32m: Presence (1) or absence (0) of foliage within 0.5 m of point in the vertical band greater than 32 m above ground<br>VertStrata: Number of vertical strata with foliage (sum of preceding 8 columns)<br>CanopyHeight: Canopy height in metres<br>CanopyOpenness: Canopy openness in percentage as measured using a spherical densiometer<br>CanopyCover: Canopy cover (closure) in percentage as measured using a spherical densiometer<br>CanopyOverlap: Canopy overlap rank: 0-open sky above; 1-branches above barely touching; 2-overlapping branches above, sky visible; 3-overlapping branches, sky not visible<br>UC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for understorey vegetation only<br>MC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for the midstorey only<br>CC: Canopy overlap rank as above, for the upper canopy only<br>Altitude: Altitude above sea leavel in metres, measued from hand-held altimeter or GPS device<br>RfShrub: Number of shrubs (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Coffee: Number of coffee bushes (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Maesopsis: Number of alien Maesopsis eminii stems (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>Strobilanthes: Number of Strobilanthes shrubs (woody stems at least 1 m in height, GBH < 30 cm) within 2 m radius of point<br>TotalShrub: Total number of shrubs within 2 m radius of point<br>Liana: Presence (1) or absence (0) of woody lianas within 5 m radius of point<br>Cane: Presence (1) or absence (0) of cane (Calamus sp.) within 2 m radius of point<br>Lantana: Presence (1) or absence (0) of Lantana camara shrubs within 2 m radius of point<br>Bamboo: Presence (1) or absence (0) of bamboo culms within 2 m radius of point<br>LeafLitter: Depth of leaf litter in cm (to 0.5 cm accuracy) measured using a calibrated wooden probe<br>CutTrees: Number of cut trees within 5 m radius of point<br> </p><p><strong>05) gbifnames.csv -- Results of GBIF name matching tool</strong><br>sno: Serial number<br>verbatimScientificName: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name after matching with Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database to lowest taxonomic level<br>sciNameWithAuthor: Scientific name with author as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>key: GBIF key as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>matchType: Type of match as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>confidence: Confidence as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>status: Status as accepted name or synonym as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>rank: Taxonomic rank as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>kingdom: Kingdom as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>phylum: Phylum as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>class: Class as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>order: Order as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>family: Family as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>genus: Genus as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>species: Species as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>canonicalName: Canonical name as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>authorship: Author of name as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br> </p><p><strong>06) plots2000.csv -- Data from 5 m radius circular plots in select sites</strong><br>verbatimLocality: Name of locality as originally used<br>Fragment: Name of rainforest fragment or coffee plantation<br>PlotID: ID of 5 m radius plot<br>Treeno: Serial number of tree in the plot<br>verbatimIdentification: Scientific name of tree species as originally written or identified<br>scientificName: Scientific name as currently identified under updated taxonomy<br>Girth_eff: Girth in centimetres (cm) at breast height (1.3 m) of the tree after correction (using appropriate formula) in the case of multi-stemmed individuals<br>nativeAlien: Category indicating whether species is native or alien to the region/country<br>kingdom: Kingdom as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>phylum: Phylum as provided by GBIF name matching tool<br>occurrenceRemarks: Notes related to multi-stemmed individuals (girths in cm) if available and identification</p><p> </p><p><strong>07) anampcqs4gbif.rmd -- Text file with code in the R statistical and programming language</strong> </p><p>This R code was used for converting data in this Zenodo dataset into Darwin Core occurrence dataset for upload to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF, https://www.gbif.org). The published dataset can now be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.15468/cmsveh</p><p> </p><p><strong>Changes in Version 2</strong></p><p>In sites.csv, changed habitat from "Rainforest" to "Tropical rainforest fragment" for Puthuthottam</p><p>Added the anampcqs4gbif.rmd file with R code</p>
Trees of India Version 1: Standardization to Records in World Flora Online and the World Checklist of Vascular Plants, with matches in GlobalTreeSearch and GlobalUsefulNativeTrees
<p>The <strong>Trees of India (ToI, Version-I)</strong> includes data on 3708 tree species distributed across 35 states/union territories of India. The database is based on systematic review of 313 literature sources published from 1872-2022.This compendium is available via <a href="https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/ToI_Ver_-I_Trees_of_India_Version-I/23226281">Figshare</a> and was described by Mugal et al. <a href="https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10531-023-02659-y">2023</a>:</p> <ul> <li>Khuroo, Anzar Ahmad; Mugal, Muzamil Ahmad; Wani, Sajad Ahmad (2023). ToI, Ver.-I : Trees of India, Version-I. figshare. Dataset. <a href="https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23226281.v1">https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.23226281.v1</a></li> <li>Mugal, M.A., Wani, S.A., Dar, F.A. <em>et al.</em> Bridging global knowledge gaps in biodiversity databases: a comprehensive data synthesis on tree diversity of India. <em>Biodivers Conserv</em> <strong>32</strong>, 3089–3107 (2023). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02659-y">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-023-02659-y</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>Here I provide direct and fuzzy matches for taxa listed with accepted plant names in <strong>World Flora Online</strong> (<a href="https://www.worldfloraonline.org/downloadData">version 2023.03</a>; Borsch et al. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12373">2020</a>) and the <strong>World Checklist of Vascular Plants</strong> (WCVP <a href="https://doi.org/10.34885/nswv-8994">version 10</a>; Govaerts et al. <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00997-6">2021</a>). Matching was done in <em>R</em> through the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=WorldFlora">WorldFlora</a> package (Kindt <a href="https://bsapubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aps3.11388">2020</a>). The taxonomic standardization process was similar to the one completed <a href="https://www.worldagroforestry.org/output/agroforestry-species-switchboard-30">during the preparation of the third major release</a> of the <a href="https://apps.worldagroforestry.org/products/switchboard">Agroforestry Species Switchboard</a> and when preparing the <strong>GlobalUsefulNativeTrees database</strong> (GlobUNT; <a href="https://worldagroforestry.org/output/globalusefulnativetrees">https://worldagroforestry.org/output/globalusefulnativetrees</a>).</p> <p>After matching species with the WCVP, information was compiled on the <strong>native distribution</strong> documented in the WCVP for level-3 units of the <a href="https://github.com/tdwg/wgsrpd">World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions</a> that correspond to India, including India (IND), Assam (ASS), West Himalaya (WHM), East Himalaya (EHM), Laccadive Is. (LDV), Andaman Is. (AND) and Nicobar Is. (NCB). Also included after matching with the WCVP is information on the geographic area, lifeform and main biome. Similar information is available when searching for species from <a href="https://powo.science.kew.org/">Plants of the World Online</a>.</p> <p>Where a matching species was found in <strong>GlobalTreeSearch</strong> (Beech et al. <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10549811.2017.1310049">2017</a>; <a href="https://tools.bgci.org/global_tree_search.php">https://tools.bgci.org/global_tree_search.php</a>; accessed on 28th June 2023) filtered for India, the species name in GlobalTreeSearch is shown. Note that GlobalTreeSearch documents the <strong>native country distribution</strong> of tree species.</p> <p>Where a matching species was found in the <strong>GlobalUsefulNativeTrees</strong> database (GlobUNT, version 2023.11) filtered for India, the species name in the GlobUNT database is shown. GlobUNT has been described in the following publication: Kindt et al. (<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-39552-1">2023</a>) <strong>GlobalUsefulNativeTrees, a database of 14,014 tree species, supports synergies between biodiversity recovery and local livelihoods in restoration</strong>. <em>Sci Rep</em> <strong>13</strong>, 12640. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39552-1">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39552-1</a>.</p> <p>See the metadata for information on versions.</p> <p> </p> <ul> <li>Borsch, T., Berendsohn, W., Dalcin, E., Delmas, M., Demissew, S., Elliott, A., Fritsch, P., Fuchs, A., Geltman, D., Güner, A., Haevermans, T., Knapp, S., le Roux, M.M., Loizeau, P.-A., Miller, C., Miller, J., Miller, J.T., Palese, R., Paton, A., Parnell, J., Pendry, C., Qin, H.-N., Sosa, V., Sosef, M., von Raab-Straube, E., Ranwashe, F., Raz, L., Salimov, R., Smets, E., Thiers, B., Thomas, W., Tulig, M., Ulate, W., Ung, V., Watson, M., Jackson, P.W. and Zamora, N. (2020), World Flora Online: Placing taxonomists at the heart of a definitive and comprehensive global resource on the world's plants. TAXON, 69: 1311-1341. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12373">https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12373</a></li> <li>Govaerts, R., Nic Lughadha, E., Black, N. <em>et al.</em> The World Checklist of Vascular Plants, a continuously updated resource for exploring global plant diversity. <em>Sci Data</em> <strong>8</strong>, 215 (2021). <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00997-6</a></li> <li>E. Beech, M.Rivers, S. Oldfield & P. P. Smith (2017)GlobalTreeSearch: The first complete global database of tree species and country distributions, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36:5, 454-489, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10549811.2017.1310049">10.1080/10549811.2017.1310049</a></li> <li>Kindt, R. 2020. WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online taxonomic backbone data. <em>Applications in Plant Sciences</em> 8(9): e11388. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11388">https://doi.org/10.1002/aps3.11388</a></li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>The developments of this dataset and GlobUNT were supported by the Darwin Initiative to project DAREX001 of <a href="https://www.darwininitiative.org.uk/project/DAREX001/"><em>Developing a Global Biodiversity Standard certification for tree-planting and restoration</em></a>.</p>
Species diversity and extinction risk of vertebrate pollinators in India
<p>This repository includes the data compiled and used for the study of <strong>‘Species diversity and extinction risk of vertebrate</strong><br><strong>pollinators in India’</strong>. If you use these data, please cite them along with our manuscript:</p> <blockquote> <p>Kallivalappil R., Grattarola F., de Alwis Pitts D., Cotter S.C. & Pincheira-Donoso D. (2024). Species diversity and extinction risk of vertebrate<br>pollinators in India. <em>Biodiversity and Conservation</em>. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02848-3</p> </blockquote> <p> </p> <h2>Abstract</h2> <p>Animal pollinators underpin the functioning and persistence of ecosystems globally. However, the vital role of pollination is being progressively eroded by the worldwide decline of pollinator species caused by human-induced environmental degradation, resulting in rising costs to biodiversity, agriculture, and economy. Most studies quantifying pollinator diversity and declines have focused on insects, whereas vertebrate pollinators remain comparatively neglected. Here, we<br>present the first comprehensive study quantifying the macroecological patterns of species richness and extinction risk of bird and mammal pollinators in India, a region of extremely high biodiversity and increasing anthropogenic pressure. Our results reveal that hotspots of mammal pollinator diversity are restricted to the south of the Western Ghats, whereas bird pollinator diversity hotspots are scattered throughout the country. Analyses of hotspots of threatened species<br>(based on the IUCN Red List) show that only mammal pollinators are currently classified as threatened in India, whereas multiple hotspots of population declines were observed for birds, and primarily in the Southwest for mammal pollinators. Our analyses failed to identify a role for species traits as drivers of these patterns, whereas most pollinators appear to be threatened by agriculture, logging and hunting for food, and medicinal purposes. Pollinator endangerment has widescale<br>ecological and economic implications such as reduced food production, plant extinction, loss of functional and genetic diversity, and economic damage. We suggest protection of vertebrate pollinators should be emphasised in active conservation agendas in India.</p> <p> </p> <h2>Files</h2> <h3>Spatial</h3> <ul> <li><code>india.gpkg</code></li> <li><code>birds.gpkg</code></li> <li><code>mammals.gpkg</code></li> <li><code>how_to_read_gpkg_data.R</code></li> </ul> <h3>Phylogenetic</h3> <ul> <li><code>PGLS_phylogeny_birds.nex</code></li> <li><code>PGLS_phylogeny_mammals.nex</code></li> </ul> <h3>Tables</h3> <ul> <li><code>all_bird_traits.csv</code></li> <li><code>all_mammals_traits.csv</code></li> <li><code>threatened_mammals_traits.csv</code></li> <li><code>plant_pollinator_dataset.csv</code></li> <li><code>pollinator_plant_dataset.csv</code></li> <li><code>references.txt</code></li> </ul>
Temple sites and earthquake zones in central India
<p>Temple sites and earthquakes zones in central India, showing distribution of damaged and undamaged buildings based on a partial survey undertaken in March 2020 (red=damaged; green = undamaged).</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116762395">Sihoniya सिहोनिया </a>(District Morena, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6576874">Kakanmath</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487545">Gwalior Fort ग्वालियर का क़िला</a> (District Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7424948">Sās Bahu</a>.</li><li><a href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=25.952179&lon=78.177338&z=12&m=w&show=/17811820/Amrol">Amrol अमरोल</a> (District Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97946694">Śiva temple</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178948">Khajuraho खजुराहो</a> (District Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26258435">Temple group</a>.</li><li><a href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=24.503199&lon=78.961573&z=15&m=bs&show=/42266012/Sun-temple-Umri">Umri उमरी</a> (District Tikamgarh, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q97101444">Sun temple</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6991044">Nemawar नेमावर</a> (District Dewas, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116182801">Siddhanāth</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12416611">Un उन</a> (खरगोन ज़िला, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3733042">Śiva temple</a>.</li><li><a href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=21.986667&lon=76.021807&z=16&m=bs&show=/40057101/Temple&search=Boruth">Boruth बोरुथ</a> (खरगोन ज़िला, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3732976">Ruined temple</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12446456">Māndhātā ओंकारेश्वर मांधाता</a> (District Khandwa, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5773997">Ruins of a temple destroyed by earthquake.</a></li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25247863">Udaypur उदयपुर</a> (District Vidisha, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Udaipur_Temple,_west_side.jpg">Śiva temple</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28173479">Kadwaya कदवाया</a> (District Ashoknagar, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matha_or_Monastery_at_Kadwaha.tif">Maṭha</a> and <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8359697">Bhūteśvar temple</a>, and <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8359659">adjacent mosque</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115858066">Terahī तेरही</a> (District Shivpuri, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115859520">Temples and maṭha</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56293237">Jagat जगत</a> (District Udaipur, Rajastan). <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4741465">Ambikā Mātā temple</a>.</li><li><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425430">Ranakpur रणकपुर</a> (Rajasthan). <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/86/Chaumukha_Jain_temple_at_Ranakpur_in_Aravalli_range_near_Udaipur_Rajasthan_India.jpg">Chaumukha Jain temple</a>.</li><li><a href="http://wikimapia.org/#lang=en&lat=23.142047&lon=78.711483&z=17&m=bs&show=/42165691/Ruined-temple">Gorakhpur गोरखपुर</a> (District Raisen रायसेन, Madhya Pradesh). <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10028195">Temple destroyed by earthquake</a>.</li></ul>
India Transportation Scenarios
<p>The dataset contains modeling results of the transportation scenarios for India. Five teams modeled five policy scenarios – fuel efficiency, electrification, alternative fuels, modal shifts, and moderation in transport demand – to explore which policy brings the largest synergetic effects in reducing carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) emissions. The teams also modeled the comprehensive scenario which included policy measures from individual scenarios. The dataset contains data on passenger vehicles (two-wheelers (2W), three-wheelers (3W), passenger cars (LDV), and buses (Bus)) and freight transport (light heavy-duty trucks (LHDV), medium heavy-duty trucks (MHDV), and heavy heavy-duty trucks (HHDV)). It includes data on service, final energy consumption, service intensity, CO2 emissions, as well as population and GDP. </p>
Paired Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Images for 2 Locations in Scotland and India for 2019 and 2020
<p>The dataset contains two years of coverage (2019 and 2020) for two distant geographical areas in India and in Scotland.</p> <p>If using this dataset, please cite the paper where it has been introduced:</p> <pre><code>@article{rs14061342, author = {Czerkawski, Mikolaj and Upadhyay, Priti and Davison, Christopher and Werkmeister, Astrid and Cardona, Javier and Atkinson, Robert and Michie, Craig and Andonovic, Ivan and Macdonald, Malcolm and Tachtatzis, Christos}, title = {Deep Internal Learning for Inpainting of Cloud-Affected Regions in Satellite Imagery}, journal = {Remote Sensing}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, number = {6}, article-number = {1342}, url = {https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/6/1342}, ISSN = {2072-4292}, DOI = {10.3390/rs14061342} }</code></pre> <p> </p>
NDVI from Copernicus Global Land Service over Mumbai (India)
<p>This data collection contains two datasets over the region of Mumbai (India):</p> <p>- Long-term statistics of NDVI computed over 1999-2019</p> <p>- NDVI values for 2021 (10-days)</p> <p> </p> <p>The original NDVI datasets can be downloaded from the <a href="https://land.copernicus.vgt.vito.be/PDF/portal/Application.html">Copernicus Global Land Service portal</a> (registration is mandatory but free of charge). <br> Data can be downloaded as well directyl from <a href="https://scihub.copernicus.eu/">Copernicus Open Access Hub</a> but data are not based on atmospherically and BRDF corrected data.</p>
Data from: Seasonal variation in wildlife roadkills in plantations and tropical rainforest in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India
<p>This dataset contains animal roadkill data (2011-13) from the Valparai Plateau and Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Occurrence records were gathered in the field by researchers of the <a href="https://www.ncf-india.org">Nature Conservation Foundation, India</a>. The dataset corresponds to the following publication:</p> <p>Jeganathan, P., Mudappa, D., Kumar, M. A., and Raman, T. R. S. 2018. <a href="https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626">Seasonal variation in wildlife roadkills in plantations and tropical rainforest in the Anamalai Hills, Western Ghats, India</a>. <em>Current Science</em> 114(3): 619-626. DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626</p> <p>CONTACT #1<br> 1. Name: P. Jeganathan<br> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br> 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br> 4. Email address: jegan@ncf-india.org<br> 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-0655</p> <p>CONTACT #2<br> 1. Name: Divya Mudappa<br> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br> 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br> 4. Email address: divya@ncf-india.org<br> 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9708-4826</p> <p>CONTACT #3<br> 1. Name: M. Ananda Kumar<br> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br> 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br> 4. Email address: anand@ncf-india.org<br> 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7094-1314</p> <p>CONTACT #4<br> 1. Name: T. R. Shankar Raman<br> 2. Work Address: Nature Conservation Foundation, 1311, 12th A Main, Vijayanagar 1st Stage, Mysuru 570017, Karnataka, India<br> 3. Work Phone: +91 821 2515601<br> 4. Email address: trsr@ncf-india.org<br> 5. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1347-3953</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>tropical rainforest, plantations, Anamalai Hills, animal roadkill, linear infrastructure intrusions, highways, road ecology, animal-vehicle collisions </p> <p><strong>Geographic Coverage:</strong><br> 1. Location/Study Area: Valparai Plateau, Tamil Nadu, India; Anamalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India<br> 2. GPS coordinates: Valparai Plateau (10°15'- 10°22'N, 76°52' - 76°59'E); Anamalai Tiger Reserve (10°12' - 10°35'N, 76°49' - 77°24'E)</p> <p><strong>Temporal Coverage:</strong><br> 1. Begins: 2011-06-01 (Year, Month, Day)<br> 2. Ends: 2013-05-31 (Year, Month, Day)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong></p> <p>Methods involved repeated surveys along the road routes searching for roadkills and habitat sampling as described in <a href="https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626">Jeganathan et al. (2018),<em> Current Science</em> 114(3): 619-626</a>, DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626</p> <p><strong>Files included:</strong></p> <p>Besides this 00_README.txt file, the dataset includes the following six files as explained below:<br> 1) 01_habitat_length.csv -- details of road routes surveyed as line transects<br> 2) 02_sampling_events.csv -- details of individual line transect sample surveys along road routes<br> 3) 03_roadkill_data_final.csv -- roadkill occurrence data from sample surveys along road routes<br> 4) 04_canopy_and_habitat.csv -- canopy and habitat readings along road routes (transects) surveyed<br> 5) 05_roadkill_transects_all.kml -- KML file containing geographic tracks of 11 road routes surveyed as roadkill transects<br> 6) 06_road_transects_map.jpg -- Map of surveyed routes corresponding to Figure 1 in Jeganathan et al. (2018)</p> <p><strong>01_habitat_length.csv</strong><br> transect: name of road route surveyed as a line transect<br> route_description: description of road route<br> tlength_km: transect length along road in kilometres (km)<br> tlength_m: transect length along road in metres (m)<br> forest: extent of the road in metres (m) with forest on both sides<br> forest_tea: extent of the road in metres (m) with forest on one side, tea on the other<br> coffee_forest: extent of the road in metres (m) with forest on one side, coffee plantation on the other<br> tea: extent of the road in metres (m) with tea plantation on both sides<br> coffee: extent of the road in metres (m) with coffee plantation on both sides<br> eucalyptus: extent of the road in metres (m) with eucalyptus plantation on both sides<br> eucalyptus_tea: extent of the road in metres (m) with eucalyptus on one side, tea plantation on the other</p> <p><strong>02_sampling_events.csv</strong><br> season: monsoon (June to December 2011) or summer (March to June 2012 prior to the onset of 2012 monsoon)<br> transect: name of road route surveyed as a line transect<br> transect: name of road route surveyed as a line transect<br> tcode: unique code for each individual survey of a road route (transect) coevered on a specific date<br> eventDate: date of road survey<br> tlength: transect length along road in kilometres (km)</p> <p><strong>03_roadkilldata_final.csv</strong><br> sno: serial number of observation<br> season: monsoon (June to December 2011) or summer (March to June 2012 prior to the onset of 2012 monsoon)<br> transect: name of road route surveyed as a line transect<br> tcode: unique code for each individual survey of a road route (transect) coevered on a specific date<br> eventDate: date of road survey<br> fielddate: date of road survey as initially noted (for two surveys completed over two successive days, the initial date was recorded as eventDate for 2011-06-17 = 2011-06-16 and eventDate for 2011-07-06 = 2011-07-05<br> tlength: transect length along road in kilometres (km)<br> verbatimIdentification: original identification of roadkilled taxon<br> vernacularName: common name of taxon<br> scientificName: scientific name of taxon for corresponding taxonomic level of identification<br> taxonRank: rank of taxon indicating for corresponding taxonomic level of identification<br> taxonRemarks: category of taxon as noted for analysis<br> verbatimCoordinateSystem: coordinate system used for initial data collection<br> verbatimSRS: SRS of the location data collected (EPSG:32643/WGS84)<br> georeferenceRemarks: note indicating locations were converted from UTM (zone 43 N) to latitude longitude using QGIS software<br> verbatimLongitude: UTM longitude (Easting) as originally recorded<br> verbatimLatitude: UTM latitude (Northing) as originally recorded<br> decimalLongitude: longitude in decimal degree East<br> decimalLatitude: latitude in decimal degrees North<br> habitat: habitat on either side of the road (forest - forest on both sides; forest_tea - forest on one side, tea on the other; human - human settlements; coffee - coffee plantation on both sides; coffee_forest - coffee on one side, forest on the other; eucalyptus - eucalyptus plantation on both sides; eucalyptus_tea - eucalyptus on one side, tea on the other; tea - tea plantation)<br> individualCount: number of individuals recorded as roadkill (0 if no roadkills in that survey)<br> occurrenceStatus: indicated as 'present' for roadkills, or 'absent' if no roadkills recorded<br> occurrenceRemarks: notes and remarks if any</p> <p><strong>04_canopy_and_habitat.csv</strong><br> transect: name of road route surveyed as a line transect<br> verbatimroute: route name as originally noted<br> sno: serial number<br> canopycover: 0 if tree canopy absent, 1 if tree canopy present above point of observation<br> canopyoverlap: horizontal overlap of tree canopy above point of observation ranked as 0 - no canopy above; 1 canopy present but barely touching or overrlapping; 2 - canopy overlapping with sky still visible through leaves; 3 - canopy overlaps overhead densely with sky scarcely visible<br> verticaloverlap: vertical gap between canopy or branches of trees above point of observation ranked as 0 - very wide; 1 - barely touching, 2 - significant vertical overlap, 3 - substantial and dense vertical overlap<br> habcode: two letter alphabetical code with each letter indicating habitat on one side of the road at the point of observation with f - forest, t - tea, c - coffee, e - eucalyptus, v - village or human habitation, m - dam or reservoir<br> habno: numeric category for habitat on either side coded as 1 for monocultures (ee, tt); 2 for mixed forest and plantation (ef, ft, etc.); 3 for forest (ff), and 4 for coffee plantation (cc)<br> longitude: longitude in decimal degrees east<br> latitude: latitude in decimal degrees north</p> <p><strong>05_roadkill_transects_all.kml</strong><br> This KML file contains all 11 road routes surveyed as roadkill transects.</p> <p><strong>06_road_transects_map.jpg</strong><br> This map illustrating the surveyed road routes corresponds to Figure 1 in <a href="https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626">Jeganathan et al. (2018), <em>Current Science</em> 114(3): 619-626</a>, DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/619-626</p>
Ramtek, Maharashtra, India. Kevala Nṛsiṃha temple, graffito
<p>Ramtek, Maharashtra, India. Kevala Nṛsiṃha temple, graffito on interior pillar. In letters of about the fifth century CE.</p> <p>SIDDHAṂ OB00183</p> <p>SIDDHAṂ IN00196</p>
Ramtek, Maharashtra, India. Kevala Nṛsiṃha temple, graffito
<p>Ramtek, Maharashtra, India. Kevala Nṛsiṃha temple, graffito on interior pillar.</p> <p>SIDDHAṂ OB00184</p> <p>SIDDHAṂ IN00197</p>
Kuhi, Maharashtra, India. Durgā shrine.
<p>Modern shrine dedicated to the goddess Durgā, near Kuhi, Maharashtra, India, as documented in 02/2015.</p>
Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India. Lower cave, from south
<p>Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India (21.052010, 79.45922). Lower cave from the south, as documented 2/2015.</p>
Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India. Main cave, veranda roof with brahmī inscription
<p>Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India (21.052010, 79.45922). Main cave, veranda roof of the iron age, with brahmī inscription, as documented 2.2015.</p>
Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India. Lower cave, from above
<p>Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India. Lower cave, from above, showing re-used megalith from an iron-age stone circle, and rock-cut channel on eastern side, as documented in 2/2015.</p>
Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India. Lower cave, shell inscription
<p>Bhiwkund, Maharashtra, India (21.052010, 79.45922). Lower cave, shell inscription, as documented 2/2015.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.