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133 results for “Insect communities”
Fig. 3 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 3. Canonical correspondence analyses of the abundance of floral visitors in response to environmental variables (disturbance index, temperature, and humidity). (a) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of each insect order of floral visitors. (b) Effect of environmental variables on the abundance of insect species displaying abundance that was significantly different between sites.
Fig. 2 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 2. Dendrogram showing similarity indexes obtained from species composition of floral visitors shared by the annual plants distributed at the low (LPD) and high (HPD) plant density sites.
Fig. 1 in Insect visitors to the annual plant community in a xeric environment in Central Mexico
Fig. 1. Abundance-rank curves of the insect species collected visiting the flowers of annual plants in sites with contrasting plant density. Relative abundance is plotted on a log10 scale, and the abscissa is the rank from the most to the least common species (James & Rathbun 1981). Closed triangles and diamonds indicate the abundance of Dasytinae species 1 (Coleoptera) and Miridae species 1 (Hemiptera), in the low and high plant density sites, respectively.
Fig. 3 in Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir
Fig. 3. Cluster analysis of diet similarity among species, showing the trophic guilds of the fish community from the Nova Avanhandava Reservoir.
Fig. 4 in Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir
Fig. 4. Relative catch per unit effort (CPUE) in number (CPUEn) and biomass (CPUEb) of trophic guilds of the fish community of the Nova Avanhandava Reservoir.
Fig. 1 in Aquatic insects as the main food resource of fish the community in a Neotropical reservoir
Fig. 1. Position of the NovaAvanhandava Reservoir in the Tietê River, and the location of the sampling stretches: Santa Bárbara stretch (1) and Bonito Stretch (2) (modified from CESP, 1998). Squares = municipalities of São Paulo State.
Data from: Insect communities under skyglow: diffuse night-time illuminance induces spatio-temporal shifts in movement and predation
<p>We conducted our experiment at the iDiv Ecotron experimental facility, which is an indoor mesocosm facility consisting of independent, experimental chambers called “EcoUnits”. The Ecotron is located in Bad Lauchstädt, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, at the Experimental Research Station of the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ, 51.3917° N, 11.8762° E). Multiple environmental conditions in the EcoUnits can be fully controlled (e.g., nutrient supply and irrigation). Each EcoUnit has internal dimensions of 1.46 m × 1.46 m × 1.50 m (L × W × H, aboveground) and 1.24 m × 1.24 m × 0.80 m (L × W × H, belowground) with the soil surface area measuring 1.54 m².</p> <p>To assess the interactive effects of diffuse nighttime illuminance and landscape structure on animal movement patterns, we established a patch-grassland system which consisted of four meadow patches within each of the corners of an EcoUnit, separated by an area of bare ground. The EcoUnits were filled with 1.23 m<sup>3</sup> of unsterilised and homogenised soil from the vicinity of the iDiv Ecotron, and plant communities of 16 plant species were sown on February 4th 2020. We allowed for a settlement phase of roughly 5 months before starting our measurements.</p> <p> </p> <p>Each heading below describes columns in the two datasets that describe the movement activity (RFID sensor detections) and predation (bite marks left on artificial caterpillar prey dummies) by the experimental insect communities.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>timestamp:</strong> Continuous value indicating the time and date (format: DD/MM/YYYY hh:mm:ss, timezone: UTC+2) at which a tagged individual was detected by an RFID sensor. We defined detections as distinct and only counted them when they (1) occurred on different sensors or when (2) at least 10 seconds had elapsed (without detection on the same sensor) between two consecutive detections on the same sensor. This prevented the repeated detection of resting or dead animals.</p> <p><strong>block_ID: </strong>Categorical value indicating whether an observation was made within the first or second temporal experimental block (b1, b2). Each block corresponded to a period of approximately one lunar cycle (i.e., 28 days: experimental block b1: 21.07.2020 - 18.08.2020, experimental block b2: 15.09.2020 - 13.10.2020).</p> <p><strong>rep_ID: </strong>Categorical value indicating the replicate prey dummy exposures (r2, r3, r4, r5) that took place within each 28-day temporal experimental block: r2 and r3 took place successively within block b1; r4 and r5 took place successively within block b2. NAs identify periods during each experimental block where prey dummies had not yet been deployed or were in the process of being collected/re-deployed. </p> <p><strong>unit_ID: </strong>Categorical value indicating the identity of each of the 12 EcoUnits at the iDiv Ecotron experimental facility.</p> <p><strong>patch_ID: </strong>Categorical value indicating the identify of each of the four meadow patches within each EcoUnit. Patch identities correspond to their coordinates within the EcoUnit.</p> <p><strong>x: </strong>Continuous value indicating the X-coordinate position of an RFID sensor or prey dummy within the Ecotron unit with respect to the position of each EcoUnit’s control panel.</p> <p><strong>y: </strong>Continuous value indicating the Y-coordinate position of an RFID sensor or prey dummy within the Ecotron unit with respect to the position of each EcoUnit’s control panel. </p> <p><strong>day_night: </strong>Categorical value indicating whether an individual was detected during the day (treatment lights off) or during the night (treatment lights on). Night includes the periods of dawn and dusk where daylight was gradually (i.e. linearly) brightened or dimmed over the course of two hours before sunrise and sunset, respectively.</p> <p><strong>habitat: </strong>Categorical value indicating whether a tagged individual was detected within a meadow patch (Patch) or within the area of bare ground (Matrix) which separates individual patches.</p> <p><strong>tag: </strong>Categorical value indicating the unique serial number associated with an RFID-tagged individual. This column is used to estimate local densities (sum of unique tag IDs detected).</p> <p><strong>species: </strong>Categorical value indicating the scientific name of the species according to the taxonomy of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (accessed via GBIF.org during 2020). Note that <em>Harpalus rufipes </em>(De Geer) is referred to in the database by its synonym <em>Pseudoophonus rufipes</em> (De Geer). Poecilus includes the species <em>Poecilus cupreus</em> and<em> Poecilus versicolor</em>. , <em>Harpalus affinis</em>, <em>Harpalus latus</em>) are pooled together at the genus level. </p> <p><strong>bodymass_mg: </strong>Continuous value indicating the live body mass of each tagged individual, excluding the added mass of the RFID tag.</p> <p><strong>detection: </strong>Integer with a fixed value of 1 representing the detection of a unique RFID tag. This column is used to estimate movement activity (sum of detections).</p> <p><strong>bite_count: </strong>Integer value indicating the number of bite marks recorded on an individual prey dummy during a 14-day exposure. Two independent observers scored the prey dummies by identifying and counting the bite marks left by carabid predators.</p> <p><strong>treatment_lux: </strong>Continuous value indicating the treatment of diffuse nighttime illuminance in Lux.</p>
Data from: A fungal endophyte alters poplar leaf chemistry, deters insect feeding, and shapes insect community assembly
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Data for: Soil legacy effects of plants and drought on aboveground insects in native and range-expanding plant communities
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Data from: Plant, insect, and soil microbial communities vary across brome invasion gradients in northern mixed-grass prairies
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Data from: Quality versus quantity: Response of riparian bird communities to aquatic insect emergence in agro-ecosystems
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Investigating Host Feeding Strategy as a Determinant of Insect Gut Microbial Community Profile at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico
Diverse microbial communities live in the gut regions of animals. The precise ecological and evolutionary circumstances that govern relationships between hosts and their gut communities is unclear. In this study, we hypothesize that host feeding strategy shapes the microbial communities within the gut systems of insects. We collected five insect species from the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge that exhibited herbivorous, detritovorous and carnivorous diets. Using gut samples from the insects we measured if and how microbial communities are shaped based on any effect host feeding strategy might have. Preliminary analysis of bacterial communities using 16S rDNA sequences has thus far revealed that the sampled community profiles initially appear to show signs of being determined by host feeding type. Analysis has also shown that sequences from the phyla Firmicutes and Proteobacteria appear to contribute most significantly to the differences between communities of different feeding types. We expect that upon further data recovery, the extent of the effect host feeding type has on the communities will be clarified. Additionally we intend to incorporate bacterial community data from previous studies to further broaden our sample set. We expect our results to further define the ecological circumstances that shape the microbial populations within living systems.
Phylogenetic restriction of plant invasion in drought-stressed environments: implications for insect-pollinated plant communities in water-limited ecosystems
<p><span><strong>Background</strong>: Plant-pollinator community diversity has been found to decrease under conditions of drought stress, however research into the temporal dimensions of this phenomenon remains limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of seasonal drought on the temporal niche dynamics of entomophilous flowering plants in a water-limited ecosystem. We hypothesized that closely related native and exotic plants would tend to share similar life history, and that peak flowering events would therefore coincide with phylogenetic clustering in plant communities based on expected phenological responses of plant functional types to limitations in soil moisture availability.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>:<b> </b>Galiano Island, British Columbia, Canada</span></p> <p><span><strong>Methods</strong>:<b> </b>Combining methods from pollinator research and phylogenetic community ecology, we tested the influence of environmental filtering over plant community phenology across gradients of landscape disturbance and soil moisture. Floral resource availability and community structure were quantified by counts of flowering shoots. We constructed a robust phylogeny to analyze spatial and temporal variation in phylogenetic patterns across the landscape, testing the significance of the observed patterns against a randomly generated community phylogeny. Phylogenetic metrics were then regressed against factors of disturbance and soil moisture availability. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:<b> </b>Critical seasonal fluctuations in floral resources coincided with significant phylogenetic clustering in plant communities, with decreasing plant diversity observed under conditions of increasing drought stress. Exotic plant species in the Asteraceae became increasingly pervasive across the landscape, occupying a late season temporal niche in drought-stressed environments.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Main conclusion</strong>:<b> </b>Results suggest that environmental filtering is the dominant assembly process structuring the temporal niche of plant communities in this water-limited ecosystem. Based on these results, and trends seen elsewhere, the overall diversity of plant-pollinator communities may be expected to decline with the increasing drought stress predicted under future climate scenarios.</span></p>
Data from: Endemism in Wyoming plant and insect herbivore communities during the early Eocene hothouse
The warm, equable, and ice-free early Eocene Epoch permits investigation of ecosystem function and macro-ecological patterns during a very different climate regime than exists today. It also provides insight into what the future may entail, as anthropogenic CO2 release drives Earth towards a comparable hothouse condition. Studying plant-insect herbivore food webs during hothouse intervals is warranted because these account for the majority of non-microbial terrestrial biodiversity. Here, we report new plant and insect herbivore damage census data from two floodplain sites in the Wind River Basin of central Wyoming, one in the Aycross Formation (50-48.25 Ma) at the basin edge (WRE) and the second in the Wind River Formation in the interior of the basin (WRI). The WRI site is in stratigraphic proximity to a volcanic ash that is newly dated to 52.416 ± 0.016/0.028/0.063 (2σ). We compare the Wind River Basin assemblages to published data from a 52.65 Ma floodplain flora in the neighboring Bighorn Basin (BH) and find that only 5.6% of plant taxa occur at all three sites and approximately 10% occur in both basins. The dissimilar floras support distinct suites of insect herbivores, as recorded by leaf damage. The relatively low diversity BH flora has the highest diversity of insect damage, contrary to hypotheses that insect herbivore diversity tracks floral diversity. The distinctiveness of the WRE flora is likely due to its younger age and cooler reconstructed paleotemperature, but these factors are nearly identical for the WRI and BH floras. Site-specific microenvironmental factors that cannot be measured easily in deep time may account for these differences. Alternatively, the Owl Creek Mountains between the two basins may have provided a formidable barrier to the thermophilic organisms that inhabited the basin interiors, supporting Janzen's hypothesis that mountain passes appear higher in tropical environments.
Data and code for: Facilitating the recovery of insect communities in restored streams by increasing oviposition habitat
<p>Recruitment limitation is known to influence species abundances and distributions. Recognition of how and why it occurs both in natural and in designed environments could improve restoration. Aquatic insects, for instance, rarely re-establish in restored streams to levels comparable to reference streams even years after post-restoration. We experimentally increased oviposition habitat in five out of ten restored streams in western North Carolina to test whether insect egg-laying habitat was limiting insect populations in restored streams. A main goal was to test whether adding oviposition habitat in the form of rocks that partially protrude above the water surface could be used to increase the abundance and richness of stream insect eggs and larval insects in restored streams. Adding egg-laying habitat enhanced several response variables (e.g., protruding rocks, number of eggs, egg masses, egg morphotype richness, and oviposition habitat stability) to levels similar to those found in reference streams. Following the addition of protruding rocks, egg mass abundance increased by 186 % and richness increased by 77 % respectively in restored-treated streams. Densities of larval insects that attached their eggs to protruding rocks showed an overall pattern consistent with treatment effects due to the combination of non-significant and significant increases of several taxa and not just one taxon. Our results indicate that these stream insect populations are limited by oviposition habitat and that adding egg-laying habitat alleviated this component of recruitment limitation. However, the weaker larval response indicates that additional post-recruitment factors, such as egg or larval mortality, may still be limiting a full recovery of larval insect abundances in these restored streams. This study shows the importance of integrating information from animal life histories, ecology, and geomorphology into restoration practices to improve the recovery of aquatic insects, which are commonly used to assess water quality and the biological efficacy of stream restoration.</p>
Characterization of Salix nigra floral insect community and activity of three native Andrena bees
<i>Salix nigra</i> (black willow) is a widespread tree that hosts many species of polylectic hymenopterans and oligolectic bees of the genus <i>Andrena</i>. The early flowering of <i>S. nigra</i> makes it an important nutritive resource for insects emerging from hibernation. However, since <i>S. nigra</i> is dioecious, not all insect visits will lead to successful pollination. Using both visual observation and pan-trapping we characterized the community of insects that visited <i>S. nigra</i> flowers and assessed differences among male and female trees as well as the chemical and visual drivers that influenced community composition across three years. We found that male trees consistently supported higher diversity of insects than female trees and only three insect species, all <i>Andrena spp.</i>, consistently visited both sexes. Additionally, <i>A. nigrae</i>, which was the only insect that occurred more on female than male flowers, correlated strongly to volatile cues. This suggests that cross-pollinators cue into specific aspects of floral scent, but diversity of floral visitors is driven strongly by visual cues of yellow male pollen. Through time the floral activity of two <i>Andrena</i> species remained stable, but <i>A. nigrae</i> visited less in 2017 when flowers bloomed earlier than other years. When native bee emergence does not synchronize with bloom, activity appears to be diminished which could threaten species that subsist on a single host. Despite the community diversity of <i>S. nigra</i> flowers, its productivity depends on a small fraction of species that are not threatened by competition, but rather by rapidly changing conditions that lead to host-insect asynchrony.
Fig. 1 in Effects of Farming Systems on Insect Communities in the Paddy Fields of a Simplified Landscape During a Pest-control Intervention.
Fig. 1. Rice fields of different farming systems sampled in northern Taiwan.
Data for deJonge et al. - Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of Phragmites australis in Ontario, Canada
<p>Data for deJonge et al. publication "Characterizing an invasion assemblage: first comparison of insect communities on native and introduced subspecies of <em>Phragmites australis </em>in Ontario, Canada". Data are produced from a 2016-2017 survey of 28 geographically paired sites across Ontario, Canada containing introduced <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>australis </em>or native <em>Phragmites australis </em>ssp. <em>americanus</em>. The dataset includes for each site basic descriptions of site characteristics (e.g., latitude, stem density), the stem attack rate (% of live stems containing at least one insect) of fourteen insect taxa, and alpha-diversity indices calculated from the attack rates ("FullSiteData" tab). It also includes basic presence and absence data for each taxon across the fourteen sites of each subspecies ("Presence-AbsenceData" tab), and paired differences between native and introduced sites in alpha- and beta-diversity indices, and stem attack rates by taxon ("PairedData(Native-Introduced)" tab).</p>
Data for: Plant and herbivorous insect communities respond in complex ways to rainfall manipulation in an oak savanna grassland
<p>Changes in precipitation due to climate change will have consequences for plant and herbivorous insect communities alike. Multiple hypotheses explain how changes in plant diversity and productivity can lead to changes in herbivore community composition. Yet as rainfall patterns change, the bottom-up effects on the relationships between plant and herbivore communities are less well understood. Using a long-term rainfall manipulation experiment in a remnant patch of Garry oak (<em>Quercus garryana</em>) savanna, we examined how plant diversity and productivity have responded to variation in soil moisture over six years. This highly endangered ecosystem is predicted to experience significantly wetter springs and drier summers by 2080. We also investigated plant-mediated, indirect effects of manipulated rainfall on herbivore diversity and abundance, drawing on multiple hypotheses describing the relationships between plant and herbivore communities. For example, the more individuals hypothesis predicts that increased plant productivity results in increased herbivore abundance which in turn results in increased herbivore diversity. We found that plant productivity was influenced by soil moisture, but the direction and magnitude of the response varied across years, and no support for plant diversity influencing productivity. We also found that the cover and productivity of grasses increased significantly with increasing precipitation. In addition to a significant direct effect on herbivore diversity, soil moisture had a significant indirect negative effect on herbivore abundance, via the negative effect of plant productivity on abundance, contradicting the more individuals hypothesis.</p> <p>Synthesis: Our results highlight that not only can drought result in significant reductions in plant productivity in this threatened ecosystem, but that these changes will also result in increases in herbivore abundance. In contrast, where soil moisture is higher, grasses will become more dominant resulting in decreased abundance. Ultimately, predicting how this system responds to changes in precipitation will depend on the ability to predict whether growing season soil moisture will be consistently drier or wetter in the future, a significant challenge. Going forward, investigating how variation in precipitation due to climate change affects the links between trophic levels, including how herbivores affect plant communities, remains critical for understanding ecosystem processes and stability.</p>
Toward understanding insect species introduction and establishment: a community-level barcoding approach using island beetles
<p>Since Darwin put forward his opposing hypotheses to explain the successful establishment of species in areas outside their native ranges, the preadaptation and competition-relatedness hypotheses, known as Darwin's naturalisation conundrum, numerous studies have sought to understand the relative importance of each. Here we take advantage of well-characterised beetle communities across laurel forests of the Canary Islands for a first evaluation of the relative support for Darwin's two hypotheses within arthropods. We generated a mitogenome backbone tree comprising nearly half of the beetle genera recorded within the Canary Islands for the phylogenetic placement of native and introduced species sampled in laurel forests, using cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequences. For comparative purposes, we also assembled and phylogenetically placed a data set of COI sequences for introduced beetle species that were not sampled within laurel forests. Our results suggest a stronger effect of species preadaptation over resource competition, while also revealing an underappreciated shortfall in arthropod biodiversity data – knowledge of endemic species. We name this the Humboldtean shortfall, and suggest that similar studies using arthropods should incorporate DNA barcode sequencing to mitigate this problem.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.