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52 results for “Island colonization”
Interspecific hybridization and island colonization history, not rarity, most strongly affect the genetic diversity in a clade of Mascarene-endemic trees
<p>Many factors shape the genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, with important implications for conservation. Oceanic island-endemic lineages undergo an initial founding bottleneck during the colonization process and subsequently accumulate diversity following colonization. Moreover, many island endemics occur in small populations and are further threatened by anthropogenic factors that cause population declines, making them susceptible to losses in genetic diversity through genetic drift, inbreeding, and bottlenecks. <a name="_Hlk80963234"></a>However, life-history traits commonly found in trees, such as outcrossing mechanisms, long lifespans, and a propensity for interspecific hybridization, may help buffer against losses of genetic variation. To assess the relative importance of colonization history, rarity, and distribution in shaping genetic diversity of island-endemic trees, we conducted a<a name="_Hlk80964566"></a> comparative population genomic analysis of 13 species of <em>Diospyros</em> (Ebenaceae) endemic to the Mascarene Islands that differ in island colonization history, distribution, population size, and IUCN threat status. We genotyped 328 individuals across the islands using 2b-RADseq, compared genetic diversity both among and within species, and assessed patterns of genetic structure. <a name="_Hlk80965008"></a>Genetic diversity did not vary significantly by IUCN status, but we found that species that co-occur with others on the same intermediate-aged island (Mauritius) had much greater genetic diversity than those that occur solitarily on an island (Réunion and Rodrigues), likely because of greater interspecific hybridization among species with overlapping distributions and processes related to time since island colonization. Results presented here were used to <a name="_Hlk80991503"></a>determine priority localities for <em>in situ</em> and <em>ex situ</em> conservation efforts to maximize the genetic diversity of each Mascarene <em>Diospyros</em> species.</p>
FIGURE 1 in Annotated checklist of aquatic beetles (Coleoptera) and true bugs (Heteroptera) in the Azores Islands: new records and corrections of colonization status
FIGURE 1. NEW RECORDS fOR THE AZORES ISLANDS (LATITUDE 36º 55'–39° 43' N; LONGITUDE 24° 45'–31°17' W). COR CORVO ISLAND, TER TERCEIRA ISLAND, PIC PICO ISLAND AND SMG SãO MIGUEL ISLAND.
Fig. 8 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 8 Map showing localities for Elachistocleis nigrogularis (red dots) and E. surinamensis (black dots) sequenced for this study and included in the phylogenetic analyses. Venezuelan specimens not sequenced in this
Fig. 7 a in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 7 a An Elachistocleis nigrogularis in amplexus. b Elachistocleis surinamensis in amplexus. Photography JCM
Fig. 1 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 1 Map of known species of Elachistocleis and their approximate ranges. Specimens sequenced in GenBank with no species identification are also included in the map. Note that E. ovalis is not included in the map. Species areas are made by joining presence of locality points and are therefore an estimation of likely or possible distribution ranges
Fig. 6 A in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 6 A comparison of Elachistocleis nigrogularis (1 and 2) and E. surinamensis (3 and 4). 1a and 1b are dorsal and ventral views of the female E. nigrogularis holotype, UWIZM 2016.22.56. 2a and 2b show UWIZM 2016.22.55, the male collected with the holotype. 4a and 4b are dorsal and ventral views of the E. surinamensis neotype UWIZM 2016.22.58. 3a and 3b are dorsal and ventral views of the male she was collected with. Photography ALB
Fig. 4 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 4 Results of the discrimination analysis. The DA results suggested Trinidad and Venezuela Elachistocleis with similar coloration and pattern phenotypes are not always the same species. The DA compared morphometrics from the island and mainland populations. The Venezuelan populations labeled sp. 1 are similar in appearance to E. nigrogularis and sp. 2. are similar in appearance to E. surinamensis
Fig. 5 Calls. a in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 5 Calls. a Elachistocleis nigrogularis without Orthoptera calls at 7000 Hz (bandpass filter: 6800–7200 Hz). b Elachistocleis sp. (undescribed species) after removing the calls of the other amphibians to be able to count pulses. The beginning of the call is clearly visible despite a second individual calling on the background and two harmonics are visible for this call from this individual. Pictures of frogs by the spectrograms are actual male individuals recorded calling
Data from: Niche shifts after island colonization spurred adaptive diversification and speciation in a cosmopolitan bird clade
<p>Islands have long been recognized as key contributors to biodiversity because islands facilitate geographic isolation and ecological divergence from mainland ancestors. However, island colonization has traditionally been considered an evolutionary dead-end process, and its consequences for continental biodiversity remain understudied. Here, we studied the evolutionary radiation of Columbiformes (i.e. pigeons and doves) to examine if ecological niche shifts on islands shaped biological diversification and community composition on continents. We show that the colonization of islands by continental, terrestrial-foraging lineages led to exploitation of a new ecological niche (i.e. arboreal foraging). This transition towards arboreal foraging was associated with evolutionary adaptation towards a new morphological optimum. In addition, arboreal-foraging lineages experienced an increase in speciation rates, which was associated with successful range expansions to other islands as well as back-colonization of continents. Our results provide empirical evidence that diversification on continents can only be fully understood when studying the diversification processes that took place on islands, challenging the view of islands as mere sinks of evolutionary diversity.</p>
Data from: The importance of migratory drop-off for island colonization in birds
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Data from: Evidence for mega-landslides as drivers of island colonization
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Data from: Key innovations and island colonization as engines of evolutionary diversification: a comparative test with the Australasian diplodactyloid geckos
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Data from: Colonization of the Aeolian Islands by Pimelia rugulosa rugulosa Germar, 1824 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) inferred from the genetic structure of populations: geological and environmental relations.
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Data from: Diversification in continental island archipelagos: new evidence on the roles of fragmentation, colonization and gene flow on the genetic divergence of Aegean Nigella (Ranunculaceae)
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Interspecific hybridization and island colonization history, not rarity, most strongly affect the genetic diversity in a clade of Mascarene-endemic trees
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Data from: Multiple colonizations, hybridization and uneven diversification in Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) lineages on Hawai‘i Island
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Data from: Mosaic patterns of diversification dynamics following the colonization of Melanesian islands
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Pleistocene range expansion throughout the Mediterranean and back-colonization from the Canary Islands in the legume Bituminaria bituminosa
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Data from: Disentangling the relative roles of biased colonization and in situ evolution in driving the island syndrome in <em>Coprosma</em> (Rubiaceae)
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Data from: Colonize, radiate, decline: unraveling the dynamics of island community assembly with Fijian trap-jaw ants
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