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89 results for “Kinematic data”
Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
Measurements of energy use, and its scaling with size, are critical to understanding how organisms accomplish myriad tasks. For example, energy budgets are central to game theory models of assessment during contests and underlie patterns of feeding behavior. Clear tests connecting energy to behavioral theory require measurements of the energy use of single individuals for particular behaviors. Many species of mantis shrimp (Stomatopoda: Crustacea) use elastic energy storage to power high-speed strikes that they deliver to opponents during territorial contests and to hard-shelled prey while feeding. We compared the scaling of strike kinematics and energetics between feeding and contests in the mantis shrimp Neogonodactylus bredini. We filmed strikes with high-speed video, measured strike velocity, and used a mathematical model to calculate strike energy. During contests, strike velocity did not scale with body size but strike energy scaled positively with size. Conversely, while feeding, strike velocity decreased with increasing size and strike energy did not vary according to body size. Individuals most likely achieved this strike variation through differential compression of their exoskeletal spring prior to the strike. Post-hoc analyses found that N. bredini used greater velocity and energy when striking larger opponents, yet variation in prey size was not accompanied by varying strike velocity or energetics. Our estimates of energetics inform prior tests of contest and feeding behavior in this species. More broadly, our findings elucidate the role behavioral context plays in measurements of animal performance.
Data from: Area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex encodes kinematics of the whole arm
<p>Proprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a proprioceptive area of somatosensory cortex, have simply compared neurons' activities to the movement of the hand through space. By using motion tracking, we sought to elaborate this relationship by characterizing how area 2 activity relates to whole arm movements. We found that a whole-arm model, unlike classic models, successfully predicted how features of neural activity changed as monkeys reached to targets in two workspaces. However, when we then evaluated this whole-arm model across active and passive movements, we found that many neurons did not consistently represent the whole arm over both conditions. These results suggest that 1) neural activity in area 2 includes representation of the whole arm during reaching and 2) many of these neurons represented limb state differently during active and passive movements.</p>
Strain and slip data for Kinematic inversion of fault slip during the nucleation of laboratory earthquakes
<p>The file contains the timeseries of strain and average slip obatined from a 8 gauges array used to monitor an injection experiment on a saw-cut centimetric scale sample loaded in a triaxial cell, under 30 MPa, 60 MPa and 90 MPa of confining stress.</p>
Foot kinematics and kinetics data for different static foot posture collected using a multi-segment foot model
<p>Dataset presented in the paper <em>"Foot kinematics and kinetics data for different static foot posture collected using a multi-segment foot model".</em></p> <p>This dataset contains human foot joints kinematics and kinetics data collected during walking, classified depending on their static foot posture. The kinematics data were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system, and kinetics data were recorded through a pressure platform. The data was collected considering a multi-segment foot model that considers the ankle, midtarsal and first metatarsophalangeal joint. A total of 70 healthy subjects with different static posture (highly pronated, highly supinated and normal, as classified by the foot posture index) participated in the experiments. This dataset contains a total of 350 continuous recordings of anatomical angles and joint moments of the ankle, midtarsal, and first metatarsophalangeal joints of the right foot during walking, as well as the right foot contact pressures recorded. The recordings were collected at 100 Hz, and the resulting data are provided filtered and resampled to 100 frames evenly distributed along the stance phase. Participants’ descriptive data are also provided: age, weight, height, and foot anthropometric data and foot posture index for both feet. The data are presented as a spreadsheet file (.xlsx) and a Matlab structure file (.mat), with contact pressures provided only in the .mat file. Further details and data validation are provided in the main paper.</p>
Idealized wave data in support of Directional Breaking Kinematics Observations from 3D Stereo Reconstruction of Ocean Waves
<p>You will find the WaveWatchIII data output from idealized solutions of Romero 2019, ST4 and ST6</p> <p>Data are in Netcdf format and include metadata.</p> <p>Each file corresponds to a duration-limited solution with constant wind speed of 13 m/s</p>
Kinematic data of humans performing the critical stability task
<p>Natural behaviors have redundancy, which implies that humans and animals can achieve their goals with different control objectives. Given only observations of behavior, is it possible to infer the control strategy that the subject is employing? This challenge is particularly acute in animal behavior because we cannot ask or instruct the subject to use a particular control strategy. This study presents a three-pronged approach to infer an animal's control strategy from behavior. First, both humans and monkeys performed a virtual balancing task for which different control objectives could be utilized. Under matched experimental conditions, corresponding behaviors were observed in humans and monkeys. Second, a generative model was developed that represented two main control strategies to achieve the task goal. Model simulations were used to identify aspects of behavior that could distinguish which control objective was being used. Third, these behavioral signatures allowed us to infer the control objective used by human subjects who had been instructed to use one control objective or the other. Based on this validation, we could then infer strategies from animal subjects. Being able to positively identify a subject's control objective from behavior can provide a powerful tool to neurophysiologists as they seek the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor coordination.</p>
MOVMUS-UJI Dataset & ERGOMOVMUS: EMG and kinematics data of the hand in activities of daily living with special interest for ergonomics
<p>A dataset of <strong>human hand kinematics</strong> and <strong>forearm muscle activation</strong> collected during the performance of a wide variety of activities of daily living (ADLs) is presented, with tagged characteristics of products and tasks. A total of <strong>26 participants</strong> performed <strong>161 ADLs</strong>, selected to be representative of common elementary tasks, grasp types, product orientations and performance heights. 105 products were used, being varied regarding shape, dimensions, weight and type (common products and assistive devices).</p> <p>The data were recorded using CyberGlove instrumented gloves on both hands measuring 18 degrees of freedom on each and seven surface EMG sensors per arm recording muscle activity. The products and their arrangement were the same across subjects, and tasks were performed in a guided way. Data of <strong>more than 4100 ADLs</strong> is presented in this dataset as <strong>Matlab structures</strong> with full continuous recordings, which may be used in applications such as machine learning or to characterize healthy human hand behaviour.</p> <p>The dataset is accompanied with a <strong>custom data visualization application (ERGOMOVMUS)</strong> as a tool for ergonomics applications, allowing visualization and calculation of aggregated data from specific task, product and/or subjects’ characteristics.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>v3.0 includes the following updates:</strong></p> <p>- Statistical summary of the recordings both in .xlsx and .ods file format (v1.1 only included it in .xlsx file format)</p> <p>- Updated experiment details in "MOVMUS-UJI DATASET GUIDE.pdf".</p>
Data about upper limb kinematics to test the efficacy of Action Observation Treatment
<p>The dataset contains the upper-limb kinematics collected in 40 participants before and after a short-term immobilization of the right arm. Three reach-to-grasp movements were required, targeting an object placed a) frontally at the level of the shoulders (A_low), b) frontally above the head (A_high), or c) laterally at the level of the shoulders (L_low). These movements were intended to test different degrees of freedom of the shoulder joint.</p> <p>Half of the participants underwent a virtual-reality action observation treatment (see Rizzolatti et al, Neuroscience and Biobehabioral Reviews, 2021), while the control group underwent a non-motor VR stimulation.</p>
Density, surface tension, kinematic viscosity, distillation curve, and initial boiling point data of diesel-n-butanol and diesel-ABE blends
<p>This dataset contains measurement data for density, surface tension, kinematic viscosity, distillation curve, and initial boiling point for n-butanol and ABE (acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol in a volume ratio of 3:6:1) blended with standard diesel fuel. Properties of blends were evaluated in terms of temperature and biofuel volume fraction. For a detailed description of the measurements and further information, please see the published paper in Fuel journal (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122909">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122909</a>).</p>
Data from: Scaling and relations of morphology with locomotor kinematics in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes
<p>The movement of limbless terrestrial animals differs fundamentally from that of limbed animals, yet few scaling studies of their locomotor kinematics and morphology are available. We examined scaling and relations of morphology and locomotion in sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes). During sidewinding locomotion, a snake lifts sections of its body up and forward while other sections maintain static ground contact. We used high-speed video to quantify whole-animal speed and acceleration; the height to which body sections are lifted; and the frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and skew angle (degree of tilting) of the body wave. Kinematic variables were not sexually dimorphic, and most did not deviate from isometry, except wave amplitude. Larger sidewinders were not faster, contrary to many results from limbed terrestrial animals. Free from the need to maintain dynamic similarity (because their locomotion is dominated by friction rather than inertia), limbless species may have greater freedom to modulate speed independently of body size. Path analysis supported: (1) a hypothesized relationship between body width and wavelength, indicating that stouter sidewinders form looser curves; (2) a strong relationship between cycle frequency and whole-animal speed; and (3) weaker effects of wavelength (positive) and amplitude (negative) on speed. We suggest that sidewinding snakes may face a limit on stride length (to which amplitude and wavelength both contribute), beyond which they sacrifice stability. Thus, increasing frequency may be the best way to increase speed. Finally, frequency and skew angle were correlated, a result that deserves future study from the standpoint of both kinematics and physiology.</p>
Data from: Kinematic trajectories in response to speed perturbations in walking suggest modular task-level control of leg angle and length
Abstract Navigating complex terrains requires dynamic interactions between the substrate, musculoskeletal and sensorimotor systems. Current perturbation studies have mostly used visible terrain height perturbations, which do not allow us to distinguish among the neuromechanical contributions of feedforward control, feedback-mediated and mechanical perturbation responses. Here, we use treadmill belt speed perturbations to induce a targeted perturbation to foot speed only, and without terrain-induced changes in joint posture and leg loading at stance onset. Based on previous studies suggesting a proximo-distal gradient in neuromechanical control, we hypothesized that distal joints would exhibit larger changes in joint kinematics, compared to proximal joints. Additionally, we expected birds to use feedforward strategies to increase the intrinsic stability of gait. To test these hypotheses, seven adult guinea fowl were video recorded while walking on a motorized treadmill, during both steady and perturbed trials. Perturbations consisted of repeated exposures to a deceleration and acceleration of the treadmill belt speed. Surprisingly, we found that joint angular trajectories and center of mass fluctuations remain very similar, despite substantial perturbation of foot velocity by the treadmill belt. Hip joint angular trajectories exhibit the largest changes, with the birds adopting a slightly more flexed position across all perturbed strides. Additionally, we observed increased stride duration across all strides, consistent with feedforward changes in the control strategy. The speed perturbations mainly influenced the timing of stance and swing, with the largest kinematic changes in the strides directly following a deceleration. Our findings do not support the general hypothesis of a proximo-distal gradient in joint control, as distal joint kinematics remain largely unchanged. Instead, we find that leg angular trajectory and the timing of stance and swing are most sensitive to this specific perturbation, and leg length actuation remains largely unchanged. Our results are consistent with modular task-level control of leg length and leg angle actuation, with different neuromechanical control and perturbation sensitivity in each actuation mode. Distal joints appear to be sensitive to changes in vertical loading but not foot fore-aft velocity. Future directions should include in vivo studies of muscle activation and force-length dynamics to provide more direct evidence of the sensorimotor control strategies for stability in response to belt speed perturbations.
Data for "The effect of a weak asthenospheric layer on surface kinematics, subduction dynamics and slab morphology in the lower mantle"
<p>Dataset associated with the paper entitled "The effect of a weak asthenospheric layer on surface kinematics, subduction dynamics and slab morphology in the lower mantle" by Cerpa, N. G., Sigloch, K., Garel, F., Heuret, A., Davies, D. R., and Mihalynuk, M.</p> <p>Please, contact Nestor Cerpa (nestor.cerpa@umontpellier.fr) for additional information</p>
Calibrated kinematic Ninapro hand movements data
<p>The kinematic data of the Ninapro (Non Invasive Adaptive Prosthetics) database includes calibrated kinematic data from 77 subjects, performing 40 hand movements and grasps. The whole database aims at allowing worldwide research groups to study hand kinematics. As well the dataset allows also to study the relationship between hand kinematics and muscle activity, since it is linked to sEMG datasets. The final goal of this work is to aid the progress in rehabilitation, physiotherapy, medicine, neuroscience and prosthetics. Therefore, the kinematic database improves the state of the art, being the most accurate, comprehensive and advanced reference for the largest kinematic database existing at the time of writing. <br> <br> <strong>Acquisition protocol</strong>:<br> Hand kinematics was measured using a 22-sensor CyberGlove II dataglove (CyberGlove Systems LLC, <a href="http://www.cyberglovesystems.com/">www.cyberglovesystems.com</a>). The CyberGlove is a motion capture data glove, instrumented with joint-angle measurements. It uses proprietary resistive bend-sensing technology to transform hand and finger motions into real-time digital joint-angle data.<br> <br> The calibrated kinematic Ninapro database includes 40 different movements of 77 intact subjects.<br> The subjects have to repeat several movement represented by movies that are shown on the screen of a laptop.<br> The experiment is divided in two exercises:<br> • Isometric, isotonic hand configurations and basic wrist movements<br> • Grasping and functional movements<br> Joint angles from raw data were calculated according to a very detailed calibration protocol. The protocol was previously applied to 10 different intact subjects and consists in recording 64 different poses or guided movements to obtain the gains and also some corrections because of cross-coupling effects for specific anatomical angles.</p> <p>Gracia-Ibáñez, V., Vergara, M., Buffi, J. H., Murray, W. M. & Sancho-Bru, J. L. Across-subject calibration of an instrumented glove to measure hand movement for clinical purposes. C. Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng. 20, 587–597 (2017).<br> <br> <strong>Data Sets</strong>:<br> For each subject and exercise, the database contains one file in Matlab format (<a href="http://www.mathworks.com/">www.mathworks.com</a>) with synchronized variables. The variables included are the following ones:<br> • subject: subject number;<br> • exercise: exercise number;<br> • glove (22 columns): uncalibrated signal from the 22 sensors of the Cyberglove. Details on the location of the sensors are available at the link: <a href="http://ninapro.hevs.ch/node/123">ninapro.hevs.ch/node/123</a>;<br> • angles(22 columns): calibrated signal from the 22 sensors of the Cyberglove by applying an across-subject calibration<br> • re-stimulus (1 column): the a-posteriori refined label of the movement;<br> • re-repetition (1 column): re-stimulus repetition index;</p> <p> • stimulus (1 column): the label of the movement;<br> • repetition (1 column): stimulus repetition index;<br> • order of angles (22 columns) : name of the angles corresponding to variable “angles”.</p> <p>Raw glove data are also included in the folder "Raw data".</p>
Data from: Comparison between the kinematics for kangaroo rat hopping on a solid versus sand surface
<p>In their natural habitats, animals move on a variety of substrates, ranging from solid surfaces to those that yield and flow (<i>e.g.</i>, sand). These substrates impose different mechanical demands on the musculoskeletal system and may therefore elicit different locomotion patterns. The goal of this study is to compare bipedal hopping by desert kangaroo rats (<i>Dipodomys deserti)</i> on a solid versus granular substrate under speed-controlled conditions. To accomplish this goal, we developed a rotary treadmill, which is able to have different substrates or uneven surfaces. We video recorded six kangaroo rats hopping on a solid surface versus sand at the same speed (1.8 m/s) and quantified the differences in the hopping kinematics between the two substrates. W<span>e found</span> no significant differences in the hop period, hop length, or duty cycle, showing that the gross kinematics on the two substrates were similar. This similarity was surprising given that sand is a substrate that absorbs mechanical energy. Measurements of the penetration resistance of the sand showed that the combination of the sand properties, toeprint area, and kangaroo rat weight was likely the reason for the similarity.</p>
Data from: Kinematic and hydrodynamic analyses of turning manoeuvres in penguins: Body banking and wing upstroke generate the centripetal force
<p>Penguins perform lift-based swimming by flapping their wings. Previous kinematic and hydrodynamic studies have revealed the basics of wing motion and force generation in penguins. Although these studies have focused on steady forward swimming, the mechanism of turning manoeuvres is not well understood. In this study, we examined the horizontal turning of penguins via 3D motion analysis and quasi-steady hydrodynamic analysis. Free swimming of gentoo penguins (<em>Pygoscelis papua</em>) at an aquarium was recorded, and body and wing kinematics were analysed. In addition, quasi-steady calculations of the forces generated by the wings were performed. Among the selected horizontal swimming manoeuvres, turning was distinguished from straight swimming by the body trajectory for each wingbeat. During the turns, the penguins maintained outward banking through a wingbeat cycle and utilized a ventral force during the upstroke as a centripetal force to turn. Within a single wingbeat during the turns, changes in the body heading and bearing also mainly occurred during the upstroke, while the subsequent downstroke accelerated the body forward. We also found contralateral differences in the wing motion; i.e., the inside wing of the turn became more elevated and pronated. Quasi-steady calculations of the wing force confirmed that the asymmetry of the wing motion contributes to the generation of the centripetal force during the upstroke and the forward force during the downstroke. The results of this study demonstrate that the hydrodynamic force of flapping wings, in conjunction with body banking, is actively involved in the mechanism of turning manoeuvres in penguins.</p>
3D kinematics and kinetics of change of direction motions reconstructed from virtual inertial sensor data through optimal control simulation
<p>This is the data belonging to the publication "Estimating 3D kinematics and kinetics from inertial sensor data through musculoskeletal movement simulations".</p> <p>This study investigated the feasibility and accuracy of reconstructing, especially change of direction motions, with a 3D full-body musculoskeletal model by tracking virtual inertial sensor data in optimal control simulations. We used the recordings of 90 trials with optical motion capture to generate marker tracking simulations from which we computed virtual inertial sensor data. Using this data, we compared inertial tracking simulations and marker tracking simulations.</p> <p>Please see the README and the publication for further details.</p>
Data from: James-Stein estimator improves accuracy and sample efficiency in human kinematic and metabolic data
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Data from: Phylogenetic and kinematic constraints on avian flight signals
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Data from: Scaling and relations of morphology with locomotor kinematics in the sidewinder rattlesnake Crotalus cerastes
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Data from: Context-dependent scaling of kinematics and energetics during contests and feeding in mantis shrimp
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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