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1,212 results for “Konza Prairie”
OMS01 Microbial and soil data in the Belowground Plot Experiment at konza prairie since 2017
Data describe soil chemistry collected during the 2017-2021 growing seasons at the Belowground Plot Experiment to assess for legacies. Whole plot-scale nitrogen fertilization at the Experiment ceased in 2017. Four subplots within each historically fertilized plot were set up to continue the annual fertilization treatment for soil chemistry.
AOP01 Correspondence between plant traits and NEON Airborne Observatory Platform (AOP) data at Konza Prairie (2017)
Understanding spatial and temporal variation in plant traits is needed to accurately predict how communities and ecosystems will respond to global change. The National Observatory Ecological Network (NEON) Airborne Observation Platform (AOP) provides hyperspectral images and associated data products at numerous field sites at 1 m spatial resolution, allowing high-resolution trait mapping. However, the reliability of these data depend on establishing rigorous links with in-situ field measurements. We tested the accuracy of NEON’s readily available AOP derived data products – Leaf Area Index, Total biomass, Ecosystem structure (Canopy height model; CHM), and Canopy Nitrogen by comparing them to spatially extensive field measurements from a mesic tallgrass prairie. Correlations with AOP data products exhibited generally weak or no relationships with corresponding field measurements. The weakest relationships were between AOP Canopy Nitrogen and ground-based measures of Nitrogen, as well as the CHM and ground-based canopy height measurements. We also examined how well the full reflectance spectra (380-2500 nm), as opposed to derived products, could predict vegetation traits using partial least-squares regression models. Only one of the eight traits examined, Nitrogen, had an R2 of more than 0.25. For all vegetation traits, R2 ranged from 0.08-0.29 and the root mean square error of prediction ranged from 14-64%. Our results suggest that currently available AOP derived data products are unreliable, at least at this grassland site, and should not be used without extensive ground-based validation. Relationships using the full reflectance spectra may be more promising, although additional assessment of varying spatial scales of field and AOP data, as well as corrections and data pre-processing to improve data quality, are recommended. Finally, grassland sites may be especially challenging for airborne spectroscopy because of their high species diversity within a small area,
RIV02 Plant transect data for the N2B experiment at Konza Prairie
Woody plant expansion is well-known to alter plant community composition, often including a decrease in plant biodiversity, such as species richness. This dataset was used to determine if plant communities are able to “bounce back” after repeated woody plant removal, returning to plant community more similar to tallgrass prairie without woody plant encroachment. Woody plant encroachment can affect plant communities in two key ways: increasing competition for light and limiting grassland propagules (if woody encroachment is widespread). Therefore, we also included a treatment in the riparian removal where seeds of native prairie plants were added to reduce propagule limitation. This data suggests that despite repeated tree removal, the plant community has not returned to a grassland state. Instead, shrubs and herbaceous woodland plants are dominant. Adding grassland propagules had no discernable impact.
RIV04 Moss cover in streams in wooded riparian areas and areas where canopy had been cut at Konza Prairie
Our project was designed to test if woody removal in a riparian zone allowed the system to rebound to a grassland stream state. We hypothesized that removal would increase light and decrease moss biomass.
RIV06 Remote sensing in and around riparian zones at Konza Prairie
The goal of this project was the measure changes in woody vegetation cover over time, in riparian and non-riparian locations. The study was retrospective, using high resolution aerial imagery to identify areas dominated by grasslands, shrubs, trees, and woody plant that could not be differentiated as shrubs or trees (referred to as “unk” or “unknown”). These data help us understand rates of woody plant cover over time and how these changes might affect other populations (e.g., avifauna) and processes (e.g. hydrology). These data show and increase in woody plant cover across all three watersheds up until 2010, but with less woody plants expansion in the non-riparian zone of watershed and N1B. Through 2020, woody plant expansion continued in watersheds N1B and N4D. In N2B, tree cover decreased sharply in 2011 and remained low through 2020. This was expected due to the tree removal treatment. However, shrub cover increased rapidly over this same time frame, resulting in little net change in total woody cover (tree plus shrub cover). These results suggest that even an extreme intervention of repeated tree removal is not enough to return the riparian zone to a grassland state.
PGT01 Konza prairie grass species trait
Evolutionary history plays a key role driving patterns of trait variation across plant species. For scaling and modeling purposes, grass species are typically organized into C3 versus C4 plant functional types (PFTs). PFT groupings may obscure important functional differences among species. Rather, grouping grasses by evolutionary lineage may better represent grass functional diversity. We measured 11 structural and physiological traits in situ from 75 grass species within the North American tallgrass prairie. We tested whether traits differed significantly among photosynthetic pathways or lineages (tribe) in annual and perennial grass species. We hypothesized that tribe would be the best predictor of traits, more so than photosynthetic pathway. We further hypothesized that there would be substantial variation of traits in species among the seven C4 lineages represented at our site.
AGW04 Measurement of stream chemical properties during growing season rainfall events at konza prairie, 2024
During the 2024 growing season, stream water chemical properties were measured during seven rainfall events in watersheds N01B, N02B, and N04D at Konza Prairie Biological Station. Just before and during the storms, stream water samples were collected hourly using automated samplers located just upstream or downstream from theflume in each watershed. At the same location, stream pH and temperature was also measured every 5 minutes using data loggers situated near the stream sampler inlet tubes. Following each storm, the samples were filtered through 0.45 µm filter membranesand then analyzed for concentrations of alkalinity, major cations and anions, non-purgeable organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, and water stable isotopes. Select trace element concentrations and strontium isotope ratios were also analyzed during one of the storm events. The primary goal was to assess event-level variation in stream concentration-discharge relationships in watersheds with variable extents of woody plant encroachment. Discharge data accompanying these results are available in datasets ASD02, ASD05, and ASD06.
PRP02 Plant diversity, richness, and plant species cover in konza prairie restoration heterogeneity plots, since 1998
The experiment is a randomized complete block design with four whole plot hetereogeneity treatments replicated within each of four blocks (n=16 whole plots). The whole plot treatments were created using different combinations of soil depth and nutrient manipulations. The control plots contained no depth or nutrient manipulations. The maximum hetereogeneity plots contained three 2 m x 8 m vertical strips assigned to ambient, enriched and reduced N treatments and four 2 m x 6 m horizontal strips assigned to deep and shallow soil to result in six treatment combinations. The maximum heterogeneity plots are a split-block design. Every plot contained 12 subplots (2 m x 2 m) for sampling. Prior to sowing, all of the plots were excavatedto a depth of approximately 25 cm. Natural limestone slabs were laid in strips assigned to the shallow soil treatment. The soil from all plots was then replaced, leveled, and disked (2-3 cm deep). In February 1998, we incorporated sawdust (49% C; C:N ratio=122) into the strips assigned to the reduced-N treatment. The average C concentration and bulk density in the surface 15 cm following long-term cultivation was 1.5% and 1.2 g cm-3, respectively. Sawdust was tilled into the soil at a rate of 5.5 kg dry wt./m2 to achieve a C concentration representative of native prairie soil (approx. 3% C). Surface applications of granular sugar were initiated in 2004 at a rate of 200 g sucrose m-2 (84.22 g C/m2) 3-4 times each growing season. Strips assigned to the enriched-N treatment were fertilized with 5 g N m2/y (applied as ammonium-nitrate) in July of the first growing season and early June of each subsequent years.
AGW03 Konza Prairie Long-term high frequency groundwater level and temperature from wells on N04d
The objectives of this project are to quantify the seasonably variable timing among meteoric precipitation, groundwater recharge, and groundwater temperature. Hypotheses are: 1. Because of the karst-like characteristics of the aquifers in N04d (and by extension, the entire region), recharge will be rapid during moderately large precipitation events where fractures are enlarged by dissolution and therefore highly conductive, except during the most active part of the growing season. 2. The recharge efficiency of the aquifers will be spatially variable, with highest hydraulic conductivity (because of solution enlargement of fractures) near the riparian zone. 3. Groundwater temperature will vary continuously over the year and also demonstrate abrupt changes after recharge-effective precipitation events when the precipitation temperature is different from the groundwater temperature. Because the aquifers are merokarst and recharge is rapid, data are recorded at high frequency (5 minute intervals).
CBP01 Variable distance line-transect sampling of bird population numbers in different habitats on Konza Prairie (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/26/11. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Records of bird species based on line transect sampling, giving perpendicular distance of sighting from the transect line on 16 separate transects. Bird surveys were conducted 2-4 times per year in January, April, June, and October for a 29-year period from 1981 to 2009. Transects were designed to determine bird communities and population numbers associated with tallgrass prairie habitats with different experimental treatments (fire frequency, grazed by bison vs. ungrazed), riparian habitats on forest edge, and gallery forests dominated by oak woodland.
CFP01 Fish population on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/87/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Fishes were collected by habitat (pool or riffle) at 6 sites in the Kings Creek watershed with a single-pass electrofishing survey with one person operating the electrofisher and two people dipnetting. Collections were made seasonally.
PVC02 Plant species composition on selected watersheds at Konza Prairie (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-knz/69/18. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Canopy coverage and frequency were recorded in 20 circular 10 sq m plots. Six treatments were sampled, three ungrazed and three to grazed by native grazers. In each case one of the three watersheds was unburned, another burned annually in April, the third burned every four years in April. In each treatment two soils were sampled: a lower-slope deep fertile nonrocky soil (tully silty clay loam), and a shallow rocky soil (florence cherty silt loam) on level to gently sloping ridges. In 1983 another ungrazed annual burn area '1c' was added 'both tully and florence soils' because original area '1d' appeared aberrant.
AGW01 Long-term measurement of groundwater physical and chemical properties from wells on watersheds N04D and N01B at Konza Prairie
In 1988 and 1990, 31 wells were installed at 20 sites within watershed N04D at Konza Prairie Biological Station to allow long-term monitoring of groundwater physical and chemical properties. Subsequently, four additional wells were installed in N04D in 1997, and five wells were installed in an adjacent watershed, N01B, in 2020. Most of the wells are nested to include wells completed in alluvium/colluvium and two Permian limestone units, the Morrill Limestone and the Eiss Limestone. The wells are completed along transects perpendicular to the main drainage in each watershed. Every four to six weeks, water samples and water depth measurements have been collected at subsets of the wells in N04D since 1991 and in N01B since 2021. At the same time, stream samples are collected from the outlet in N04D and N01B when the stream is flowing, as well as two upstream locations in N04D. Moreover, since 2024, stream samples are also collected at the same time from the outlet of a third watershed, N02B, when the steam is flowing. Methodologies have evolved since 1991 as detailed in the method description, though the primary goal of assessing groundwater and surface water major ion composition, pH, temperature, and groundwater level has been constant since 1991.
ASD06 Stream discharge measured at the flumes on watershed N02B at Konza Prairie
Stream discharge is measured on a catchment (N02B), with 2-year fire return interval and grazed by bison since 1992. Measurements are taken at 5 minute intervals at a triangular throated flume. The prairie streams are 3rd-order and are intermittent. Daily and stormflow discharge records are available.
NUT01 Nutrient Network: Investigating the roles of nutrient availability and vertebrate herbivory on grassland structure and function at Konza Prairie
The goals and focal research questions are copied below from the Nutrient Network website. More information can be found at nutnet.org. NutNet focal research questions: (1) How general is our current understanding of productivity-diversity relationships? (2) To what extent are plant production and diversity co-limited by multiple nutrients in herbacoues-dominated communities? (3) Under what conditions do grazers or fertilization control plant biomass, diversity, and composition? NutNet goals: (1) To collect data from a broad range of sites in a consistent manner to allow direct comparisons of environment-productivity-diversity relationships among systems around the world. This is currently occurring at each site in the network and, when these data are compiled, will allow us to provide new insights into several important, unanswered questions in ecology. (2) To implement a cross-site experiment requiring only nominal investment of time and resources by each investigator, but quantifying community and ecosystem responses in a wide range of herbaceous-dominated ecosystems (i.e., desert grasslands to arctic tundra).
GFE01 Ghost Fire: an experimental manipulation of fire effects on multi-trophic community dynamics in the ungrazed uplands of unburned and annually burned watersheds of Konza Prairie
Frequent burning is a common land practice in many grasslands worldwide, and this land use strategy has large impacts on a wide variety of ecosystem functions and services. Fire in tallgrass prairie, in the absence of grazing, alters plant community composition, decreases richness, and increases plant production. Proposed mechanisms for the changes in community composition and function are that fire decreases N availability (through volatilization) and removes litter (thereby increasing light availability and decreasing soil moisture). However, few experiments explicitly test these mechanisms, and those that do monitor short-term effects.Yet, the strength of these mechanisms likely differ over longer time scales, as other ecosystem attributes (e.g., plant community composition) change through time. Ghost Fire aims to determine the mechanisms behind community and ecosystem differences between annually burned grassland and 20-year burned grassland (hereafter called unburned) by experimentally manipulating N availability and litter. We impose litter and N conditions found in unburned grassland onto annually burned grassland, and litter and N conditions typically found in annually burned grassland onto unburned grassland. Importantly, Ghost Fire monitors both below-and above-ground plant community and ecosystem dynamics as well other dimensions of the ecosystem including microbial and mycorrhizal communities and insect community composition and biomass.
AMC01 Growing season microclimate by topographic position for annually-burned and 4-yr burned watersheds at Konza Prairie
Dataset contains 30min averages of many variables used to record changes in microclimatic conditions. Microclimate sensor stations were arrayed in discrete topographic positions (upland, slope, lowland) in 4 watersheds: 1D, 1B, 4B, 4F. No microclimate sensor stations were present in upland-1D or lowland-4B because eddy flux towers are present in these locations. Similar microclimate data is available from these flux towers during the time period of this study.
HRE01 Environmental heterogeneity restoration experiment at Konza Prairie
We manipulated key resources that influence plant diversity in tallgrass prairie (i.e., soil depth and nitrogen availability) to increase environmental heterogeneity prior to sowing native prairie species into a former agricultural field. We compared variability in nutrient availability, aboveground annual net primary productivity (ANPP), and the composition of species between replicate plots containing soil heterogeneity manipulations and plots with no resource manipulations (n = 4 per treatment) during the first 15 yr of community assembly as a test of the “environmental heterogeneity hypothesis.”
FWE01 Effects of browsing and fire on woody encroachment at Konza Prairie
Woody encroachment into grasslands, savannas, and steppes have become a management and conservation concern worldwide because of the ability of woody plants to change ecosystems through decreases in biodiversity, alterations in water and nutrient cycles as well as decreases in forage production and quality. In grasslands, woody encroachment can be categorized into two groups: non-resprouting species that can be killed with fire and resprouting species that cannot be killed with fire. Resprouting species require additional active management strategies to remove them from encroached grasslands. In this study we investigate physiological, population and community effects of continuous browsing and fire on Cornus drummondii, a resprouting woody species. Through monitoring the shrub’s physiology, population and the surrounding plant community composition within these treatments we hope to understand how to best prescribe restoration methods for restoring the tallgrass prairie.
RMP01 Rainfall manipulation plot study at Konza Prairie
Rainfall Manipulation Plots facility (RaMPs) is a unique experimental infrastructure that allows us to manipulate precipitation events and temperature, and assess population community, and ecosystem responses in native grassland. This facility allows us to manipulate the amount and timing of individual precipitation events in replicated field plots at the Konza Prairie Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) site. We used data from a unique 15-year long rainfall manipulation experiment at the Konza Prairie Biological Station in northeastern Kansas, USA, to determine how altered precipitation patterns (fewer, larger events) impacted plant species composition and structure in an annually burned, ungrazed, native tallgrass prairie. We tested two hypotheses. First, based on the HRF, we predicted that directional change in grass and forb cover and richness and community composition would eventually occur after a lag period under the altered precipitation treatment. Second, we predicted that change in cover and composition under altered precipitation would be driven by the response of forbs more so than grasses because the dominant grasses are reported to be buffered against precipitation variability1,44 and changes in the cover and richness of forbs contribute disproportionately to community responses to other drivers in this grassland.
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