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40 results for “Kruger National Park”
Figure 3 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Figure 3. Adult of Rhabdotis albinigra Burmeister on flowers and foliage of Terminalia prunioides Lawson (Kruger National Park, South Africa).
Figure 1 in Landscape-scale surveys reveal patterns of floral visitation by species of Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa
Figure 1. Map of the Kruger National Park showing specific locations where floral visitors of Terminalia prunioides Lawson and Terminalia sericea Burchell were sampled.
Kruger National Park medium to large mammal species herd sizes & distances to the road - fieldwork data
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Figure 5 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 5 Fusarium convolutans sp. nov. A–D Colonies on PDA, SNA, OA and CMA, respectively, after 7 d at 24 °C in the dark E–I Conidiophores, phialides and conidia J–M Chlamydospores N–P Sterile hyphal projections Q Conidia. Scale bars: 20 μm (E, F); 5 μm (G–I); 10 μm (J–Q).
Figure 2 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 2 Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogram obtained from combined EF-1α, RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of 18 strains belonging to the Fusarium buharicum (FBSC), Fusarium tricinctum (FTSC) and Fusarium lateritium (FLSC) species complexes. Numbers on the nodes are ML bootstrap values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probability values above 0.95. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Ex-type strains are indicated with T. Strains corresponding to new species described here are shown in bold.
Figure 1 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 1 Map of the Kruger National Park (KNP) in South Africa. The arrows indicate the location of the four research "supersites" (adapted from Smit et al. 2013). Sampling site is indicated with a black star. The inset shows the location of the KNP within South Africa, indicated by a grey box.
Figure 7 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 7 Fusarium transvaalense sp. nov. A–D Colonies on PDA, SNA, OA and CMA, respectively, after 7 d at 24 °C in the dark E Pustule-like growth on OA F, G Sporodochia formed on the surface of carnation leaves H–L Aerial conidiophores phialides and conidia M Aerial conidia N, O Chlamydospores P Sporodochial conidiophores and phialides Q Sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: 2 mm (E); 20 μm (F–J); 5 μm (K); 10 μm (L–Q).
Figure 6 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 6 Fusarium fredkrugeri sp. nov. A–D Colonies on PDA, SNA, OA and CMA, respectively, after 7 d at 24 °C in the dark E–G Sporodochia formed on the surface of carnation leaves H–N Aerial conidiophores, phialides and conidia O, P Aerial conidia Q Sporodochial conidiophores and phialides R Sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: 100 μm (E–G); 10 μm (H–R).
Figure 4 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 4 Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogram obtained from combined RPB1 and RPB2 sequences of 35 strains belonging to the Fusarium sambucinum (FSAMSC) and Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC) species complexes. Numbers on the nodes are ML bootstrap values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probability values above 0.95. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Ex-type strains are indicated with T. Strains corresponding to new species described here are shown in bold.
Figure 3 from: Sandoval-Denis M, Swart WJ, Crous PW (2018) New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa. MycoKeys 34: 63-92. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974
Figure 3 Maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogram obtained from combined CAL, EF-1α, RPB1, RPB2 and TUB sequences of 48 strains belonging to the Fusarium fujikuroi (FFSC) and Fusarium oxysporum (FOSC) species complexes. Numbers on the nodes are ML bootstrap values above 70% and Bayesian posterior probability values above 0.95. Branch lengths are proportional to distance. Ex-type, ex-neotype and ex-paratype strains are indicated with T, NT and PT, respectively. Strains corresponding to new species described here are shown in bold.
Fig. 2 in Epizootic ulcerative syndrome - First report of evidence from South Africa's largest and premier conservation area, the Kruger National Park
Fig. 2. Photographs of a lesion suspicious of epizootic ulcerative syndrome (EUS) on Clarias gariepinus from the Makuleke Wetlands.
Kruger National Park Boundary And Environmental Predictors
<p>The dataset contains ESRI Shapefile of Kruger National Park and environmental predictors used in habitat modeling for White-backed Vultures. The data includes elevation from a Digital Surface Model (ESA Sinergis, 2021), land use and land cover (LULC) from Sentinel-2 Land Cover Explorer (Esri, 2023), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Land Surface Temperature (LST) from Earth Explorer. Additionally, the dataset features calculated distances to the nearest water sources (DNW) and roads (DNR) using spatial analysis in R. These predictors were selected based on their relevance to the species' habitat preferences and behaviors. </p>
Table 4 in Complexities associated with elephant impact on Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra in the Greater Kruger National Park
<p><b>Table 4</b> Comparison of the total mortality percentages and annual mortality rates of marula trees since 2013 across height classes for the 2016 and 2018 surveys in Jejane Private Nature Reserve.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Height class</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>5–8 m (<i>n =</i> 17)</td><td>8–11 m (<i>n</i> = 78)</td><td>11–15 m (<i>n</i> = 98)</td><td>> 15 m (<i>n</i> = 8)</td></tr><tr><th>Total tree mortality (%)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2016 survey (3-year elephant presence)</th><td>41.18</td><td>28.21</td><td>19.39</td><td>12.50</td></tr><tr><th>2018 survey (5-year elephant presence)</th><td>76.47</td><td>50.00</td><td>25.51</td><td>12.50</td></tr><tr><th>% change between survey years</th><td>35.29</td><td>21.79</td><td>6.12</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><th>Annual mortality rate (% dead trees per year)</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>2016 survey (3-year elephant presence)</th><td>13.73</td><td>6.46</td><td>6.46</td><td>4.17</td></tr><tr><th>2018 survey (5-year elephant presence)</th><td>15.29</td><td>10.00</td><td>5.10</td><td>2.50</td></tr><tr><th>% change between survey years</th><td>1.56</td><td>3.54</td><td>− 1.36</td><td>− 1.67</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 Table 1 in Complexities associated with elephant impact on Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra in the Greater Kruger National Park
<p><b>Table 2</b> Results from the top eight logistic regression models investigating characteristics which explain marula tree mortality in combination with elephant impact in Jejane Private Nature Reserve.The models are arranged from best (table top) to worst (table bottom) based on the corrected Akaike's information criteria (AICc). Columns include AICc score, ∆ AICc (difference in AICc score from the best model), and the Akaike's model weight (<b>ω</b> <i>i</i>).</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Model</th><th>AICc</th><th>∆ AICc</th><th><b>ω</b> <i>i</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Elephant impact * Height * Termites</th><td>89.61</td><td>0</td><td>0.649</td></tr><tr><th>BSD * Elephant impact * Termites</th><td>92.46</td><td>2.85</td><td>0.156</td></tr><tr><th>Elephant impact * Height * Road distance * Termites</th><td>93.75</td><td>4.14</td><td>0.082</td></tr><tr><th>Elephant impact * Termites</th><td>94.15</td><td>4.54</td><td>0.067</td></tr><tr><th>Elephant impact * Height * Sex</th><td>97.76</td><td>8.15</td><td>0.011</td></tr><tr><th>Elephant impact * Sex * Termites</th><td>98.48</td><td>8.87</td><td>0.007</td></tr><tr><th>Elephant impact * Termites * Water distance</th><td>99.01</td><td>9.40</td><td>0.006</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 3 in Complexities associated with elephant impact on Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra in the Greater Kruger National Park
<p><b>Table 3</b> Elephant preference ratings for marula tree height classes in Jejane Private Nature Reserve. Preference ratings>1.00 indicate that the height class is sought after or preferred by elephants.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Height class</th><th>Quantities</th><th></th><th>Preference rating</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td>Trees available</td><td>Trees removed</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>5–8 m</th><td>17</td><td>13</td><td>1.97</td></tr><tr><th>8-11 m</th><td>79</td><td>38</td><td>1.29</td></tr><tr><th>11-15 m</th><td>98</td><td>25</td><td>0.66</td></tr><tr><th>>15 m</th><td>8</td><td>1</td><td>0.32</td></tr><tr><th>Totals</th><td>202</td><td>78</td><td>–</td></tr></tbody></table>
Kruger National Park EBP carbon
<ol> <li>Woody plant encroachment (WPE) is a global trend occurring in many biomes including savannas and accelerates with fire suppression. Since WPE can result in increased storage of soil organic carbon, fire management which may include fire suppression can enhance ecosystem carbon sequestration in savannas.</li> <li>At our study site in Kruger National Park, South Africa, we used a long-term (~70-year) fire experiment to study the drivers and consequences of changes in woody (trees and shrubs) cover and soil organic carbon (C) sequestration. We surveyed four fire manipulation treatments replicated at eight locations within the park, annual high-intensity burn, triennial high (dry season) and low-intensity (wet season) burns and fire exclusion, to capture the range of fire management scenarios under consideration. Changes in woody cover were calculated over a period similar to the experiment's duration (~80 years) using aerial photographs (1944–2018). Soils were analysed for soil organic C (SOC) and d<sup>13</sup>C to 30 cm, under and away from tree canopies to isolate local- and landscape-level effects of WPE on SOC.</li> <li>The largest increases in woody cover occurred with fire exclusion. We found that plots with greater increases in woody cover also had higher SOC. Yet, trees were not the only contributor to SOC gains, such that sustained high inputs of C4-derived carbon (from grasses), even under canopies in fire suppression plots, contributed significantly to SOC. We observed little difference in SOC sequestration between the cooler triennial (wet season) burns and fire suppression.</li> <li> <em>Synthesis</em>: Grass inputs to SOC remained high across the full range of woody cover created by varying burning regimes. Total SOC stocks stored from tree inputs only matched grass-derived SOC stocks after almost 70 years of fire exclusion. Our results point to C<sub>4</sub> grasses as a resilient contributor to SOC under altered fire regimes and further challenge the assumption that increasing tree cover, either through afforestation schemes or fire suppression, will result in large gains in C sequestration in savanna soils, even after 70 years.</li> </ol>
Kruger National Park EBP carbon
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SAFARI 2000 Reflectance of Fire Residue, Kruger National Park, Dry Season 2000
The goal of this study was to understand the change in reflectance caused by the action of fire and the heterogeneity of fire effects (i.e., the fraction of the observation that burned and the combustion completeness of that observation). A spectral mixture model and field and satellite observations were used to compare changes in Landsat reflectance associated with fire and combustion completeness derived from field measurements at prescribed fire sites in South Africa and to substantiate and illustrate the model findings.Fire residue samples were collected from experimental burn plots in Kruger National Park during the SAFARI 2000 Dry Season Campaign in August-September of 2000. The residues include 3 different ash types: pure white ash; black ash; and residual non-photosynthetic fuel biomass (senescent grass, twigs, leaves, and bark). The samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine their multi-spectral reflectance using an Analytic Spectral Devices (ASD) radiometer, which measures spectral reflectance in the range 0.45-2.2 um at intervals of 0.01 um. The ASD measurements were made under diffuse illumination conditions in the spectral range of 350 nm to 2500 nm, with the ASD radiometer aligned perpendicular to the samples to simulate nadir remote sensing conditions.The data file contains reflectance measurements (fraction, 0-1) for replicate samples of 3 different ash types (white ash, black ash, and non-photosynthetic vegetation) recorded at 10 nm intervals over the wavelength spectral range of 350 nm to 2500 nm. The data are stored in a single ASCII file in comma-separate-value format (.csv).
SAFARI 2000 Historical Fire Maps, Kruger National Park, 1992-2001
Kruger National Park (KNP) was established in 1898 to protect wildlife on nearly 2 million hectares of the South African Lowveld. The climate in this region of South Africa is subtropical, with hot summers and warm, dry winters. Summer rains fall between October and March.Savanna fires are common in the South African Lowveld during the dry season. The two primary sources of fire ignition, historically and currently, are human activity and lightning.This data set contains a record of all fires observed in the Kruger National Park for each of the 10 fire years from 1992 to 2001. The data were compiled from various sources, including old fire records in hardcopy and vector form, as well as satellite imagery. The data product consists of a polygon map (GIS shapefile format) of Kruger National Park and a cross-referenced database of fire information associated with all mapped units. The fire information includes the date and time when the fire started (if known); the cause of the fire; the person, group or phenomenon (e.g. lightning) that started the fire; the purpose for which the fire was lit (if relevant); an estimate of the fire intensity aggregated over the whole fire; the extent of the area burnt in hectares; and the perimeter of the area burnt in kilometers. The database file can be viewed with a text editor and can also be imported into common spreadsheet applications.
SAFARI 2000 Meteorological Tower Measurements, Kruger National Park, 2000-2002
An eddy covariance system mounted on a tower near the Skukuza Camp in Kruger National Park, South Africa, has been operating continuously since early 2000. Meteorological measurements started in February 2000, and the first flux measurements were made in April 2000. The site is unique in that the micrometeorological instruments are positioned on a tower located between two distinct savanna types, a broad-leafed Combretum savanna and a fine-leafed Acacia savanna. These contrasting savanna types are found on soils of differing texture, water holding capacity, and nutrient status, and are characterized by different physical structure, physiology, and phenology. It was expected that the tower placement and prevailing wind directions would allow for the sampling of net ecosystem fluxes from both of these ecosystems. Measurements on the main eddy covariance tower include net ecosystem exchange of CO2, water, and energy, and measurements of a range of meteorological variables with 30-minute averaging period. Additional continuous measurements in both adjacent savanna systems include soil heat flux, soil moisture and soil temperature profiles (from the soil surface to bedrock), and canopy profiles of CO2 concentration, humidity, and air temperature. Intermittent measurements include soil surface CO2 flux and spatially-distributed soil moisture and soil temperature.The data files contain 30-minute averages from instrumentation mounted on the Skukuza tower from 2000-2002. The data files are stored as ASCII table files, one file per year, in comma-separated-value (.csv) format, with column headers.Additional information about the meteorological and flux measurements can be found at: http://www.nrel.colostate.edu/projects/kruger/ and in the companion file at: ftp://daac.ornl.gov/data/safari2k/climate_meteorology/knp_met/comp/knp_met_readme.pdf.
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