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Fig.1 in Microhabitat selection of the Western green lizard Lacerta bilineata

Fig.1 - Location of study area. / Localizzazione dell'area di studio.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Figure 1 in Reproductive biology of Elops lacerta (Elopiformes: Elopidae) in the Gulf of Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire, West Africa

Figure 1. – Fishing area and Abidjan fishing harbour.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2015View details →

Figure 1 in Using body condition index can be an unreliable indicator of fitness: a case of sand lizard Lacerta agilis Linnaeus, 1758 (Sauria: Lacertidae)

Figure 1. Correlation between lizards' body length and body mass in the 3 age groups.

Tab. 3 in Microhabitat selection of the Western green lizard Lacerta bilineata

<p>Tab. 3 - Most important variables for the presence of lizards obtained through multimodel inference, and their effect. / Le variabili più importanti per la presenza del ramarro ottenute attraverso il <i>multimodel inference</i> e il loro effetto. M = male, F = female; Variables: Rocks (percentage cover of rocks), Bsoil (percentage cover of bare soil), ShrubC (percentage cover of shrub layer). / M = maschio, F = femmina; Variabili: Rocks (percentuale di copertura delle rocce), Bsoil (percentuale di copertura del suolo nudo), ShrubC (percentuale di copertura dello strato arbustivo).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Variables</b></th><th><i>Sex</i></th><th><b><i>Σ</i> w</b></th><th></th><th><b>SE</b></th><th><b>- 95%</b></th><th><b>+ 95%</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>ShrubC</th><td>M+F</td><td>0.996</td><td>3.072</td><td>0.955</td><td>1.200</td><td>4.944</td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil</th><td>M+F</td><td>0.982</td><td>-3.840</td><td>1.082</td><td>-5.961</td><td>-1.719</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks</th><td>M+F</td><td>0.559</td><td>4.905</td><td>1.343</td><td>2.273</td><td>7.537</td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil</th><td>M</td><td>0.974</td><td>-9.041</td><td>1.342</td><td>-11.672</td><td>-6.410</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks</th><td>M</td><td>0.684</td><td>6.588</td><td>1.908</td><td>2.849</td><td>10.326</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubC</th><td>M</td><td>0.474</td><td>2.488</td><td>1.038</td><td>0.454</td><td>4.521</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks</th><td>F</td><td>0.998</td><td>4.570</td><td>1.422</td><td>1.782</td><td>7.358</td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil</th><td>F</td><td>0.504</td><td>-2.154</td><td>1.100</td><td>-4.310</td><td>0.001</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubC</th><td>F</td><td>0.458</td><td>3.424</td><td>1.002</td><td>1.461</td><td>5.387</td></tr></tbody></table>

Tab. 2 in Microhabitat selection of the Western green lizard Lacerta bilineata

<p>Tab. 2 - Set of logistic regression models used for the Information-theoretic approach with nine microhabitat variables at 122 sampling points. / Serie di modelli di regressione logistica usati per l’approccio <i>Informationtheoretic</i> con nove variabili di microhabitat in 122 punti di campionamento. *K: number of estimated parameters; Variables: Rocks (percentage cover of rocks), Bsoil (percentage cover of bare soil), Grass (percentage cover of grass), Litter (percentage cover of litter), ShrubC (percentage cover of shrub layer), ShrubH (shrub minimum height – cm), HerbC (percentage cover of herbaceous layer), HerbH (herbaceous minimum height – cm), TreeC (percentage cover of tree layer). / *K: numero di parametri stimati; Variabili: Rocks (percentuale di copertura delle rocce), Bsoil (percentuale di copertura del suolo nudo), Grass (percentuale di copertura delle piante erbacee), Litter (percentuale di copertura della lettiera), ShrubC (percentuale di copertura dello strato arbustivo), ShrubH (altezza minima degli arbusti – cm), HerbC (percentuale di copertura dello strato erbaceo), HerbH (altezza minima dello strato erbaceo – cm), TreeC (percentuale di copertura dello strato arboreo).</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Variables</b></th><th><b>AUC</b></th><th><b>-2 log-likelihood</b></th><th><b>K*</b></th><th><b>AICc</b></th><th><b>ΔAICc</b></th><th><b>w</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Rocks - Bsoil - ShrubC</th><td>0.819</td><td>110.017</td><td>5</td><td>120.534</td><td>0.000</td><td>0.548</td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil - ShrubC</th><td>0.807</td><td>112.674</td><td>4</td><td>121.016</td><td>0.482</td><td>0.431</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubC</th><td>0.754</td><td>122.946</td><td>3</td><td>129.149</td><td>8.615</td><td>0.007</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - ShrubC</th><td>0.764</td><td>120.817</td><td>4</td><td>129.159</td><td>8.625</td><td>0.007</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Bsoil - ShrubH</th><td>0.807</td><td>120.341</td><td>5</td><td>130.858</td><td>10.324</td><td>0.003</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubC - TreeC</th><td>0.749</td><td>122.913</td><td>4</td><td>131.255</td><td>10.721</td><td>0.003</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Bsoil - HerbC</th><td>0.795</td><td>125.628</td><td>5</td><td>136.145</td><td>15.611</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Bsoil - HerbH</th><td>0.782</td><td>125.696</td><td>5</td><td>136.213</td><td>15.679</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil - ShrubH -HerbH</th><td>0.771</td><td>127.167</td><td>5</td><td>137.684</td><td>17.150</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubH - Bsoil - HerbC</th><td>0.774</td><td>127.254</td><td>5</td><td>137.771</td><td>17.237</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Grass - ShrubH</th><td>0.697</td><td>130.238</td><td>5</td><td>140.755</td><td>20.221</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - ShrubH - HerbH</th><td>0.701</td><td>130.555</td><td>5</td><td>141.072</td><td>20.538</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - ShrubH - HerbC</th><td>0.700</td><td>130.999</td><td>5</td><td>141.516</td><td>20.982</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Grass - ShrubH - HerbH</th><td>0.672</td><td>136.178</td><td>5</td><td>146.695</td><td>26.161</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Grass - ShrubH - TreeC</th><td>0.662</td><td>136.460</td><td>5</td><td>146.977</td><td>26.443</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Grass - ShrubH - HerbC</th><td>0.667</td><td>136.495</td><td>5</td><td>147.012</td><td>26.478</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>HerbH - TreeC - ShrubH</th><td>0.663</td><td>136.568</td><td>5</td><td>147.085</td><td>26.551</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>HerbC - TreeC -ShrubH</th><td>0.663</td><td>136.960</td><td>5</td><td>147.477</td><td>26.943</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Grass - HerbH</th><td>0.606</td><td>137.908</td><td>5</td><td>148.425</td><td>27.891</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Rocks - Grass - HerbC</th><td>0.594</td><td>138.001</td><td>5</td><td>148.518</td><td>27.984</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Litter - HerbH</th><td>0.558</td><td>142.992</td><td>4</td><td>151.334</td><td>30.800</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Litter - HerbC</th><td>0.555</td><td>143.010</td><td>4</td><td>151.352</td><td>30.818</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Grass - HerbC - TreeC</th><td>0.521</td><td>144.170</td><td>5</td><td>154.687</td><td>34.153</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th>Grass - HerbH - TreeC</th><td>0.526</td><td>144.208</td><td>5</td><td>154.725</td><td>34.191</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>

Tab. 1 in Microhabitat selection of the Western green lizard Lacerta bilineata

<p>Tab. 1 - Correlation matrix (Spearman coefficients) among habitat variables measured at 122 sampling points. Bold values indicate significant correlation at P<0.05. / Matrice di correlazione (<i>Spearman coefficients</i>) tra le variabili di habitat misurate in 122 punti di campionamento. I valori in grassetto indicano una correlazione significativa a P<0.05. Variables: Rocks (percentage cover of rocks), Bsoil (percentage cover of bare soil), Grass (percentage cover of grass), Litter (percentage cover of litter), ShrubC (percentage cover of shrub layer), ShrubH (shrub minimum height – cm), HerbC (percentage cover of herbaceous layer), HerbH (herbaceous minimum height – cm), TreeC (percentage cover of tree layer). / Variabili: Rocks (percentuale di copertura delle rocce), Bsoil (percentuale di copertura del suolo nudo), Grass (percentuale di copertura delle piante erbacee), Litter (percentuale di copertura della lettiera), ShrubC (percentuale di copertura dello strato arbustivo), ShrubH (altezza minima degli arbusti – cm), HerbC (percentuale di copertura dello strato erbaceo), HerbH (altezza minima dello strato erbaceo – cm), TreeC (percentuale di copertura dello strato arboreo).</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Bsoil</b></th><th><b>Grass</b></th><th><b>Litter</b></th><th><b>ShrubC</b></th><th><b>ShrubH</b></th><th><b>HerbC</b></th><th><b>HerbH</b></th><th><b>TreeC</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>Rocks</th><td>-0.005</td><td>0.001</td><td><b>-0.286</b></td><td>0.169</td><td>-0.006</td><td>-0.031</td><td>-0.022</td><td><b>-0.404</b></td></tr><tr><th>Bsoil</th><td></td><td><b>-0.415</b></td><td><b>-0.295</b></td><td>-0.142</td><td>-0.165</td><td>-0.052</td><td>-0.081</td><td><b>-0.203</b></td></tr><tr><th>Grass</th><td></td><td></td><td><b>-0.624</b></td><td><b>-0.297</b></td><td>-0.162</td><td>0.059</td><td>0.087</td><td>-0.134</td></tr><tr><th>Litter</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>0.273</b></td><td><b>0.282</b></td><td>-0.013</td><td>-0.018</td><td><b>0.427</b></td></tr><tr><th>ShrubC</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>0.617</b></td><td><b>-0.431</b></td><td><b>-0.363</b></td><td>0.074</td></tr><tr><th>ShrubH</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>-0.188</b></td><td>-0.160</td><td>0.146</td></tr><tr><th>HerbC</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><b>0.908</b></td><td>-0.088</td></tr><tr><th>HerbH</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>-0.059</td></tr></tbody></table>

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

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Data from: Geographic variation of life-history traits in the sand lizard, Lacerta agilis: testing Darwin's fecundity-advantage hypothesis

The fecundity-advantage-hypothesis (FAH) explains larger female size relative to male size as a correlated response to fecundity selection. We explored FAH by investigating geographic variation in female reproductive output and its relation to sexual size dimorphism (SSD) in Lacerta agilis, an oviparous lizard occupying a major part of temperate Eurasia. We analysed how sex-specific body size and SSD are associated with two putative indicators of fecundity selection intensity (clutch size and the slope of the clutch size-female size relationship), and with two climatic variables throughout the species range and across two widespread evolutionary lineages. Variation within the lineages provides no support for FAH. In contrast, the divergence between the lineages is in line with FAH: the lineage with consistently female-biased SSD (L. a. agilis) exhibits higher clutch size and steeper fecundity slope than the lineage with an inconsistent and variable SSD (L. a. exigua). L. a. agilis shows lower offspring size (egg mass, hatchling mass) and higher clutch mass relative to female mass than L. a. exigua, i.e. both possible ways to enhance offspring number are exerted. As the SSD difference is due to male size (smaller males in L. a. agilis), fecundity selection favouring larger females, together with viability selection for smaller size in both sexes, would explain the female-biased SSD and reproductive characteristics of L. a. agilis. The pattern of intraspecific life-history divergence in L.agilis is strikingly similar to that between oviparous and viviparous populations of a related species Zootoca vivipara. Evolutionary implications of this parallelism are discussed.

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Data from: Realized niche and microhabitat selection of the eastern green lizard (Lacerta viridis) at the core and periphery of its distribution range

The available range of habitats and suitable abiotic conditions like temperature and radiation tend to be narrower towards the periphery of the distribution range of species. Peripheral populations of generalist species could then be more specialized and have a smaller and differentiated realized niche (habitat niche in our study) compared to populations at the core. Likewise, patterns of microhabitat selection can differ between periphery and core. In our study we compared niche size and microhabitat selection among core (Bulgaria) and northern peripheral (Germany, Czech Republic) populations of Lacerta viridis and estimated niche differentiation among regions. We collected data on vegetation structure and abiotic parameters at the microhabitat scale in each region. In order to compare niche size among regions and estimate niche differentiation we built multidimensional niche hypervolumes. We applied generalized linear mixed models and model averaging, accounting for spatial autocorrelation when necessary, to analyze microhabitat differences among regions and microhabitat selection in each region. Peripheral populations were more specialized, having a smaller niche than core ones, and their niche differed from that in the core (Sørensen overlap in all comparisons < 0.3). Microhabitats at the periphery had lower radiation and soil compaction and less structured vegetation. Microhabitat selection at the core depended solely on abiotic parameters, while at the periphery it was defined by only vegetation structure (Czech Republic) or a combination of both, vegetation structure and abiotic factors (Germany). Thus, peripheral populations seem to compensate for overall harsher climatic conditions by responding to different parameters of the microhabitat compared to core populations. We suggest specific conservation measures for L. virids in each studied region and point out the general implications of a higher specialization degree of peripheral populations in relation to climate change and habitat fragmentation.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Ophionyssus Mégnin (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitic on Lacerta schreiberi Bedriaga (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, and a world key to species

FIGURE 9. Sampling locations of Lacerta schreiberi (squares) in the Malcata region, near Sagubal. Inset: location of field area in Iberian Peninsula (dark rectangle).

FIGURES 7–8 in A new species of Ophionyssus Mégnin (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitic on Lacerta schreiberi Bedriaga (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, and a world key to species

FIGURES 7–8. Ophionyssus schreibericolus Moraza sp. nov., protonymph: 7, idiosoma, dorsal aspect; 8, idiosoma, ventral aspect.

FIGURES 3–6 in A new species of Ophionyssus Mégnin (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitic on Lacerta schreiberi Bedriaga (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, and a world key to species

FIGURES 3–6. Ophionyssus schreibericolus Moraza sp. nov., adult male: 3, idiosoma, dorsal aspect; 4, idiosoma, ventral aspect; 5, chelicera, latero-antiaxial view; 6, femur III, anterolateral view.

FIGURES 1-2 in A new species of Ophionyssus Mégnin (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitic on Lacerta schreiberi Bedriaga (Reptilia: Lacertidae) from the Iberian Peninsula, and a world key to species

FIGURES 1-2. Ophionyssus schreibericolus Moraza sp. nov., adult female: 1, idiosoma, dorsal aspect; 2, idiosoma, ventral aspect.

FIGURE 8. List 6 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 8. List 6 from Martin Heinrich Carl Lichtenstein's manuscript "Catalogus Amphibiorum Musei regii Berolinensis III". A specimen of Lacerta taurica Pall. is listed under number 5, with the reference to Pallas' "Fauna Rossica" (under this title, in academic protocols and letters of Pallas usually referred to as "Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica"). Photography by F. Tillack.

FIGURE 7 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 7. Tail coloration in juveniles of Darevskia lindholmi: A. Karadag Nature Reserve, Theodosia Urban Territory, 17th October 2021; B. Genoese fortress of Balaklava, 25th April 2023. Photography by O. Kukushkin.

FIGURE 6 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 6. Colour pattern features in Darevskia lindholmi, ventral view and blue ocelli and spots on the body flanks and outer-ventral plates: A. Female, Khaos Ridge, Kamara hisar ruins, near Balaklava, 29th May 2022; B. Male, Asketi Mount, near Balaklava, 29th May 2022; C. Male, same point and date; D. Male, Karadag Nature Reserve, Theodosia Urban Territory, 18th July 2019. Photography by O. Kukushkin (A–C), K. Milto (D).

FIGURE 3 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 3. Colour pattern features in Podarcis tauricus, dorsolateral view: A. The mating pair, Karadag Nature Reserve, Theodosia Urban Territory, 14th May 2021; B. Male, near Balaklava, Sevastopol City, 25th April 2023; C. Male, near Shchebetovka settlement, environs of the Karadag Nature Reserve, 17th July 2019; D. Female, same locality and date. Photography by M. Beskaravaynyi (A), O. Kukushkin (B), K. Milto (C, D).

FIGURE 2 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 2. Typical habitats of Darevskia lindholmi near Balaklava: A. Kastron Mount, ruins of the Genoese fortress Chembalo; B. View on the entrance to the Balaklava Bay from its western bank, the highest summit on the background is Asketi Mount (marked with a red ellipse); C. Precipitous seaside slope of Asketi Mount; D. Kaya-Bash Heights to the west from the Balaklava Bay. Photography by O. Kukushkin.

FIGURE 5 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 5. Colour pattern features in Darevskia lindholmi, lateral view: A. Male, near Ternovka village, Balaklava District of Sevastopol, 25th April 2018; B. Male, near Bakhchisaray town, 20th August 2007; C. Male, near Orlinoe village, Balaklava District of Sevastopol, 25th April 2022; D. Female, same point and date. Photography by M. Khrisanova (A), I. Doronin (B), O. Kukushkin (C, D).

FIGURE 4 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 4. Colour pattern features in Podarcis tauricus, ventral view: A. Female, Laspy Bay area, Balaklava Distict of Sevastopol, 24th Arpil 2021; B. Male, Karadag Reserve, 2nd April 2021; C. Male, near Foros settlement, Balaklava District of Sevastopol, 6th January 2018; D. Male, Asketi Mount, near Balaklava, 25 th April 2023. Photography by O. Kukushkin.

FIGURE 1 in Johann Gottlieb Georgi or Peter Simon Pallas: review regarding the authorship and description of Lacerta taurica (Squamata, Lacertidae)

FIGURE 1. View of Balaklava from the bay top in 1794. A painting made by Christian Gottfried Heinrich Geissler, member of Pallas' Crimean expedition, and illustrator of the "Zoographia Rosso-Asiatica" (by Pallas, 1801, plate 9).