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101 results for “Land surface model”
High quality figures of "An Unstructured Mesh Generation Tool for Efficient High-Resolution Representation of Spatial Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models"
<p>High quality figures of "An Unstructured Mesh Generation Tool for Efficient High-Resolution Representation of Spatial Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models"</p>
Representing surface heterogeneity in land-atmosphere coupling in E3SMv1 single-column model over ARM SGP during summertime - E3SM SCM data and code
<p>This dataset contains post-processed E3SM single-column model output and code used to produce the figures in the manuscript that we are targeting Geoscientific Model Development to submit. </p>
Explicitly modelling microtopography in permafrost landscapes in a land-surface model (JULES vn5.4_microtopography)
<p>Model output data, processed observational data and plotting code used to create the figures for the paper 'Explicitly modelling microtopography in permafrost landscapes in a land-surface model (JULES vn5.4_microtopography)' submitted to Geoscientific Model Development (2021). These describe the effect of explicitly representing microtopography in the JUELS land surface model on modelled snow depth, soil moisture, temperature, and methane fluxes, and compare these with observations.</p>
Spatial heterogeneity effects on land surface modeling of water and energy partitioning
<p>Related code and data used in the manuscript https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2022-4, <Spatial heterogeneity effects on land surface modeling of water and energy partitioning>. The latest source code of ELMv1 is available from https://github.com/E3SM-Project/E3SM (last access: September 2020). If you have any questions, please contact lingchengliwhu@gmail.com</p>
Supporting dataset: Towards the Optimal Representation of Sub-Grid Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models - Upper Colorado River Basin study case
<p>Supporting files for the manuscript "Towards the Optimal Representation of Sub-Grid Heterogeneity in Land Surface Models - Upper Colorado River Basin study case." The dataset contains the ESCF derived from the original 800 HydroBlocks simulations used to train/test the random forest models (RFM) to compute the annual mean ESCFs for soil moisture content, sensible heat, latent heat, and runoff, as well as the obtained RFM to compute the resulting number of tiles for a given configuration over the study domain. Besides, the dataset includes the ESCFs for the quasi-fully distributed simulation (QFD) and the input data layers required to run HydroBlocks simulations over the study domain.</p>
Data for impacts of topography-based subgrid scheme and downscaling of atmospheric forcing on modeling land surface processes in the conterminous US
<p>The effects of small-scale topography-induced land surface heterogeneity are not well represented in current Earth System Models (ESMs). A topography-based subgrid structure and methods of downscaling of atmospheric forcing from the atmospheric grid to the subgrids of the land model grid (TGUs) have been implemented in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) to improve representation of the effects of small-scale topography-induced land surface heterogeneity on land surface processes. This study evaluates the impacts of the topography-based subgrid structure and downscaling of atmospheric forcing on modeling land surface processes in E3SM over the conterminous United States (CONUS). For this purpose, ELM simulations are performed using two configurations without (NoD ELM) and with (D ELM) downscaling, both using TGUs derived for the 0.5-degree grids and the same land surface parameters. Simulations using the two ELM configurations are compared over the CONUS domain, regional levels, and at observational sites (e.g., SNOTEL). The CONUS-level results suggest that D ELM simulates more snowfall and snow water equivalent (SWE), higher runoff, and less ET during spring and summer. Regional-level results suggest more pronounced impacts of downscaling over regions dominated by higher elevation TGUs and regions with maximum precipitation occurring during cool seasons. Results at the SNOTEL sites suggest that D ELM has superior capability of reproducing the observed SWE at 83% of the sites, with more pronounced performance over topographically heterogeneous TGUs with their maximum precipitation occurring during cool seasons. The results highlight the importance of improving representation of small-scale surface heterogeneity in ESMs and motivate future research to understand their effects on land-atmosphere interactions, streamflow, and water resources management over mountainous regions.</p> <p>The data utilized to evaluate effects of the topography-based subgrid structure and downscaling of atmospheric forcing in land surface modeling include a TGU level land surface data file, atmospheric forcing to drive the land model, ELM user name list configuration parameters, regionalization variables (topographic regions, snow fraction regions, water versus energy limited regions, and regions of season of maximum precipitation), model restart files for both ELM configurations, and model outputs (grid and subgrid levels), model outputs aggregated to TGUs and grid levels.</p> <p>The data files include:</p> <ol> <li><a href="../api/files/12bc9f1c-be98-4721-8c92-6e23845be441/daily_prism_precip.zip?versionId=be97ca8d-182a-4f1e-9ae3-9da3f2b87e24">DELM.zip</a>: Directory containing the following files relevant to the D ELM configuration and model output files.</li> <ol> <li>Restart file: 202201289.tgu_all_disag_yr1850surfdata.ielm.r05_r05.compy.elm.r.2005-01-01-00000.nc</li> <li>Configuration file: user_nl_elm</li> <li>Aggregated grid-level monthly output file: grd_level_output_disag_mnly_run_11_new_20221109.nc</li> <li>Aggregated grid-level daily output file: grd_level_output_disag_daily_20220512.nc</li> <li>TGU-level monthly output file: tgu_level_output_all_disag_20221109.nc</li> </ol> <li> <a href="../api/files/12bc9f1c-be98-4721-8c92-6e23845be441/dem_4km4.nc">NoDELM.zip</a>: Directory containing the following files relevant to the NoD ELM configuration and model output files.</li> <ol> <li>Restart file: 202201289.tgu_no_disag_yr1850surfdata.ielm.r05_r05.compy.elm.r.2005-01-01-00000.nc</li> <li>Configuration file: user_nl_elm</li> <li>Aggregated grid-level monthly output file: grd_level_output_nodisag_mnly_run_11_new_20221109.nc</li> <li>Aggregated grid-level daily output file: grd_level_output_nodisag_daily_20220512.nc </li> <li>TGU-level monthly output file: tgu_level_output_no_disag_20221109.nc</li> </ol> <li><a href="../api/files/12bc9f1c-be98-4721-8c92-6e23845be441/fr_number.zip?versionId=eacb5b60-9561-47f9-97c6-cd91e96afa1f">shared.zip</a>: Directory containing the following files relevant to both the D ELM and NoD ELM configurations.</li> <ol> <li>Subgrid-based surface data file: MASKED.half_degree_merge.surfdata_0.5x0.5_simyr1850_c200924.pft17.10262022v2.nc</li> <li>Regionalization file used to generate regions based on snow fraction, water versus energy limited state, and seasons of maximum precipitation: half_deg_budyko_curve_analysis_20230104_disag.nc</li> <li>Topographic ratio file used to generate topography-based regions: grd_level_output_nodisag_run_11_new_20221109.nc</li> <li>TGU-level surface elevation data file where surface elevation data are derived from high resolution surface elevation data (90 m) obtained from HydroSHEDS [Lehner et al. 2008, Lehner and Grill 2013]: half_deg_subgrids_with_PFTs_and_stat_20210403.nc</li> </ol> <li><a href="../api/files/12bc9f1c-be98-4721-8c92-6e23845be441/fr_number.zip?versionId=eacb5b60-9561-47f9-97c6-cd91e96afa1f">SNOTEL_files.zip</a>: Directory containing the following SNOTEL data related files used to evaluate model performance.</li> <ol> <li> SNOTEL list of stations file: SNOTEL_halfdegree_intersect4.csv</li> <li>SNOTEL data files/folders: csv</li> </ol> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>References</strong></p> <p>Lehner, B., et al. (2008). "New Global Hydrography Derived From Spaceborne Elevation Data." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union <strong>89</strong>(10): 93-94.</p> <p>Lehner, B. and G. Grill (2013). "Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world's large river systems." Hydrological Processes <strong>27</strong>(15): 2171-2186.</p> <p> </p>
A flux tower site attribute dataset intended for land surface modeling
<p><span>Land surface models (LSMs) should have reliable forcing, validation, and surface attribute data as the foundation for effective model development and improvement. Eddy covariance flux tower data are considered the benchmarking data for LSMs. We conducted a comprehensive quality screening of the existing reprocessed flux tower dataset, including the proportion of gap-filled data, external disturbances, and energy balance closure (EBC), leading to 90 high-quality sites. For these sites, we collected vegetation, soil, topography information, and wind speed measurement height from literature, regional networks, and Biological, Ancillary, Disturbance, and Metadata (BADM) files. Then we obtained the final flux tower attribute dataset by global data product complement and plant functional types (PFTs) classification.</span></p> <p><span>The dataset comprises a total of 90 NetCDF files. Each site's data is formatted within a NetCDF file named according to the site name, database, and attributes (vegetation, soil, topography, and reference height), such as ‘AT-Neu_FLUXNET2015_Veg_Soil_ Topography_ReferenceHeight.nc’. This dataset addresses the lack of site attribute data to some extent, reduces uncertainty in LSMs data source, and aids in diagnosing parameter as well as process deficiencies.</span></p>
Implications of Lateral Groundwater Flow Across Varying Spatial Resolutions in Global Land Surface Modeling
<p>This folder contains the data used for plotting and analysis in the manuscript.</p>
RT Dataset -- Updated radiative transfer model for Titan in the near-infrared wavelength range: Validation against Huygens atmospheric and surface measurements and application to the Cassini/VIMS observations of the Dragonfly landing area
<p>This dataset contains all Radiative Transfer (RT) results made for the paper.</p> <p>The data are stored in 5 zipped-folders names with the Cassini/VIMS cube flyby and id, or explicitly for Huygens/ULIS calibrated observations:</p> <ul> <li>TB_C1481624349_1</li> <li>T40_C1578266417_1</li> <li>T38_C1575509158_1</li> <li>T40_C1578263500_1</li> <li>T40_C1578263152_1</li> <li>ULIS_observations</li> </ul> <p>The TB_C1481624349_1 folder contains the Cassini/VIMS cube over HLS, the HLS end-member (End_member.txt), the surface albedo retrieved by Karkoschka et al. (2016) corrected for the photometry (HLS_Karkoschka_2016_spectrum.txt), and the inverted surface albedo (Surface_albedo.txt).</p> <p>In these folders, each VIMS pixel is stored in a .txt file with the following pattern:</p> <p><CUBE_ID>_<PIXEL_SAMPLE>_<PIXEL_LINE> .txt</p> <p>It starts with a header describing the observation: </p> <ul> <li>CUBE_ID: the VIMS cube id (`C1234567890_1` format)</li> <li>SAMPLE: the pixel sample number.</li> <li>LINE: the pixel line number.</li> <li>LONG: the pixel longitude (in degree).</li> <li>LAT: the pixel latitude (in degree).</li> <li>INC: the surface incident angle (in degree).</li> <li>EMI: the surface emergent angle (in degree).</li> <li>PHASE: the surface phase angle (in degree).</li> </ul> <p>For the Selk crater cubes (T40_C1578266417_1, T38_C1575509158_1, T40_C1578263500_1, T40_C1578263152_1), the header also contains the spatial sampling and the radiative transfer model outputs: </p> <ul> <li>Spatial sampling (km/pix).</li> <li>Fh: the haze scaling factor.</li> <li>Fm: the mist scaling factor.</li> <li>1-sigma (Fh): the 1-sigma uncertainty on Fh.</li> <li>1-sigma (Fm): the 1-sigma uncertainty on Fm.</li> <li>Reduced chi2: the reduced chi2. </li> </ul> <p>Then contains the observed spectra:</p> <ul> <li>Column 1: the VIMS channel central wavelength (in micrometers).</li> <li>Column 2: the VIMS pixel I/F.</li> <li>Column 3: the VIMS pixel I/F 1-sigma uncertainty. </li> </ul> <p>For the Selk crater cubes (T40_C1578266417_1, T38_C1575509158_1, T40_C1578263500_1, T40_C1578263152_1), 3 columns are added for: </p> <ul> <li>Column 4: the surface albedo.</li> <li>Column 5: the upper 1-sigma uncertainty on the surface albedo.</li> <li>Column 6 : the lower 1-sigma uncertainty on the surface albedo.</li> </ul> <p>The ULIS folder contains the Huygens/ULIS calibrated observations (in I/F) and the simulations with 1-sigma uncertainties as a function of the altitude (in km):</p> <ul> <li>Column 1: the VIMS channel central wavelength (in micrometers), stopped at the end of the Huygens/ULIS wavelength range.</li> <li>Column 2: the ULIS I/F.</li> <li>Column 3 : the simulated I/F.</li> <li>Column 4: the lower 1-sigma uncertainty on the simulation.</li> <li>Column 5 : the upper 1-sigma uncertainty on the simulation.</li> </ul>
Integration of a deep-learning-based fire model into a global land surface model
<p>JSBACH4+DL-fire simulation results & their comparison (DL-fire, JSB4-DL-fire, JSB4-simple)</p>
Model output data to "Land surface modeling in the Himalayas: on the importance of evaporative fluxes for the water balance of a high elevation catchment"
<p>We provide i) gridded initial conditions (.tif), ii) modeled gridded monthly outputs (.tif), and iii) modeled hourly outputs at the station locations (.txt) for the hydrological year 2019. Information about the variables and units can be found in the figures (.png) associated to each dataset. Details about the datasets can be found in the original publication by Buri and others (2023).</p><p> </p><p>Buri, P., Fatichi, S., Shaw, T. E., Miles, E. S., McCarthy, M. J., Fyffe, C. L., ... & Pellicciotti, F. (2023). Land Surface Modeling in the Himalayas: On the Importance of Evaporative Fluxes for the Water Balance of a High‐Elevation Catchment. <i>Water Resources Research</i>, <i>59</i>(10), e2022WR033841. DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033841"><strong>10.1029/2022WR033841</strong></a></p>
Data from: A model-based evaluation of the effects of irrigation expansion on regional and global land surface climate
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Simulations from the CABLE-POP land surface model for the Vegetation Carbon Turnover Intercomparison
<p>Outputs from the CABLE-POP land surface model are provided for two global simulations. One forced by CRU-NCEP v7 climate data for the period 1901-2015 and one forced by bias-corrected IPSL-CM5A-LR RCP 8.5 climate data for the period 1901-2099. Landcover was fixed at 1700 values throughout the simulations. Both simulations are at 0.5 x 0.5 degree spatial resolution. Carbon turnover fluxes for live vegetation for each individual turnover-causing process in the model were outputted individually. For a full description of the simulations, please refer to the accompanying paper.</p>
Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the land surface hydrology in LS3MIP models over China
<p>The attached is the dataset assoicated with the paper titled "Evaluation and uncertainty analysis of the land surface hydrology in LS3MIP models over China" which was submitted to Journal of Earth and Space Science.</p><p>The Land Surface, Snow and Soil moisture Model Intercomparison Project (LS3MIP) offers valuable land surface hydrology products from the land modules of current Earth System Models (ESMs). In this paper, historical LS3MIP hydrological variables including precipitation (PR), evapotranspiration (ET), soil moisture (SM), total runoff (Ro), and snow cover fraction (SCF) were extensively evaluated with various high-quality reference datasets over Chinese mainland. The six ESMs in LS3MIP were driven by four meteorological forcing datasets. The results indicated that the LS3MIP multi-model means (MMEs) of most variables are underestimated overall, while they show high spatial consistency in term of linear trends, with the percentage area ranging 56% ~ 85% between simulations and reference datasets. After computing and ranking multi statistical metrics (bias, correlation coefficient, normalized standard deviation, and unbiased root-mean-square biases), it is found that the CESM2 model produces the best performance of land surface hydrological variables, while as the meteorological forcing dataset GSWP3 exhibits the highest quality. Furthermore, the analysis of variance method (ANOVA) was then used to trace sources of the uncertainty of the LS3MIP hydrological variables for 1900–2012 (1948–2012 for Ro). In ANOVA, the simulation uncertainties may be decomposed into three sources: model, atmospheric forcing datasets and their interactions. In LS3MIP historical hydrological variables over China, model uncertainty is the dominant factor overall although it shows regional differences, and the dependence of uncertainty on the model differs among hydrological regimes. This highlights the urgent requirements to improve the land surface model representation in future research.</p>
Predicting time series of vegetation leaf area index across North America based on climate variables for land surface modeling using attention-enhanced LSTM
<p>We developed an attention-enhanced long and short memory (AELSTM) model for predicting vegetation LAI time series based on climatic data. The developed AELSTM model establishes the relationships between the time series of vegetation LAI and climatic variables. </p>
Global 1km Land Surface Parameters for Kilometer-Scale Earth System Modeling (SAI_2011_2015)
<p>Earth system models (ESMs) are progressively advancing towards the kilometer scale (k-scale). However, the surface parameters for Land Surface Models (LSMs) within ESMs running at the k-scale are typically derived from coarse resolution and outdated datasets. This study aims to develop a new set of global land surface parameters with a resolution of 1 km for multiple years from 2001 to 2020, utilizing the latest and most accurate available datasets. Specifically, the datasets consist of parameters related to land use and land cover, vegetation, soil, and topography. Differences between the newly developed 1k land surface parameters and conventional parameters emphasize their potential for higher accuracy due to the incorporation of the most advanced and latest data sources. To demonstrate the capability of these new parameters, we conducted 1 km resolution simulations using the E3SM Land Model version 2 (ELM2) over the contiguous United States. Our results demonstrate that land surface parameters contribute to significant spatial heterogeneity in ELM2 simulations of soil moisture, latent heat, emitted longwave radiation, and absorbed shortwave radiation. On average, about 31% to 54% of spatial information is lost by upscaling the 1 km ELM2 simulations to a 12 km resolution. Using eXplainable Machine Learning (XML) methods, the influential factors driving the spatial variability and spatial information loss of ELM2 simulations were identified, highlighting the substantial impact of the spatial variability and information loss of various land surface parameters, as well as the mean climate conditions. The comparison against four benchmark datasets indicates that ELM generally performs well in simulating soil moisture and surface energy fluxes. The new land surface parameters are tailored to meet the emerging needs of k-scale LSMs and ESMs modeling with significant implications for advancing our understanding of water, carbon, and energy cycles under global change.</p> <p>This data repository is linked to <a href="../records/10815170" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://zenodo.org/records/10815170</a></p>
Selected data analysed in the JGR Atmosphere manuscript " An application of the maximum entropy production method in the WRF Noah land surface model"
<p>The control experiment (hereafter WRF-CTL) and the MEP experiment (hereafter WRF-MEP) simulations results interpolated to the observation stations. The simulation period was 1 June to 31 August 2015 with 30 hours from 12:00 UTC (20:00 Beijing time (BJT)) each day, and the latest 24-hour outputs are provided.</p>
Model dataset for the journal publication titled "Improved snow albedo evolution in Noah-MP land surface model coupled with a physical snowpack radiative transfer scheme"
<div> <p>This is the Noah-MP model simulation dataset for the journal publication titled "Improved snow albedo evolution in Noah-MP land surface model coupled with a physical snowpack radiative transfer scheme"</p> <p> </p> </div>
In situ observations used in GMD Manuscript "A comprehensive land surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0"
<p>Observations taken by</p> <p>Mika Aurela, Tarek S. El-Madany, Marika Honkanen, Anna Kontu, Juha Lemmetyinen, and Susan C. Steele-Dunne</p> <p>and used in the GMD Manuscript "A comprehensive land surface vegetation model for multi-stream data assimilation, D&B v1.0"</p>
Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes for use in land surface modeling
<p>The Common Land Model outputs for the paper "Evaluation of soil thermal conductivity schemes for use in land surface modelling".</p>
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