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95 results for “Larrea”
FIGURES 17–19 in Hesperapis rhodocerata: Behavioral Biology, Egg, and Larval Instars, Including Behavioral and Larval Comparisons with H. larreae (Hymenoptera: Melittidae: Dasypodainae)
FIGURES 17–19. Microphotographs of right side of cleared head capsules of three species of Hesperapis used to compare degree of integumental wrinkling, frontal view. (ATP = anterior tentorial pit.) 17. H. rhodocerata. 18. H. trochanterata. 19. H. larreae.
FIGURES 20–22 in Hesperapis rhodocerata: Behavioral Biology, Egg, and Larval Instars, Including Behavioral and Larval Comparisons with H. larreae (Hymenoptera: Melittidae: Dasypodainae)
FIGURES 20–22. SEM micrographs of front end of egg of Hesperapis rhodocerata. 20. Showing position of micropyle (arrow). 21. Close-up of same, showing micropyle and surrounding sculpturing of chorion. 22. Close-up of micropyle.
FIGURES 10–12 in Hesperapis rhodocerata: Behavioral Biology, Egg, and Larval Instars, Including Behavioral and Larval Comparisons with H. larreae (Hymenoptera: Melittidae: Dasypodainae)
FIGURES 10–12. Macrophotograph of cells of Hesperia rhodocerata. 10. Empty cell, dorsal view showing coarse surface similar in texture to that of surrounding substrate. 11. Cell, top removed, showing second or third larval instar on top of sphere of provisions and rough, uneven surface of cell floor without special lining. 12. Fragment of cell floor covered with moldy fecal pellets. [Fig. 11 courtesy William de Oliveira Sabino]
FIGURES 44–48 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 44–48. SEM micrographs of dorsal part of caudal annulet of abdominal segment 3 with cephalic annulet to the left, lateral view, showing close-ups of vestiture. 44. Dorsal part of caudal annulet, with top rectangle referring to figure 45, middle to figure 46, and lowest to figure 47. 45. Spicule. 46, 47. Different kinds of setae. 48. Spicule on cephalic annulet.
FIGURES 60–65 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 60–65. SEM micrographs of postdefecating larva of Trachusa larreae. 60. Head (with rear left parietal partly torn), dorsolateral view, viewed from somewhat in front. 61. Mouthparts, frontolateral view. 62. Salivary lips, showing parallel ridges of lower lip, frontolateral view. 63. Antenna, close-up. 64. Spiracle, abdominal segment 8. 65. Abdominal segment 3, dorsolateral view of caudal annulet showing flattened surface of middorsal tubercle.
FIGURES 3, 4 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 3, 4. Diagrammatic representation of first nest excavated with approximate dimensions of cell indicated. 3. Entire nest (with only one cell represented), lateral view, with scale (mm) on right referring to nest depth. 4. Radiating cell cluster, top view.
FIGURES 37–43 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 37–43. SEM micrographs of internal surface of cocoon of Trachusa larreae. 37. Front end showing filter of nipple surrounded by nonfenestrated cocoon fabric covering fine-grained anal discharge. 38. Close-up of rectangle in previous figure. 39. Front end of sidewall showing numerous fenestrations as well many areas without fenestrations. 40. Close-up of central rectangle in previous figure. 41. Close-up of part of left, partly shown rectangle in figure 39. 42. Rear end of sidewall showing texture of highly transparent rearmost area (at left) and gauzelike semitransparent anterior area (at right). 43. Close-up of rectangle in previous figure.
FIGURES 22–26 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 22–26. Microphotographs of fecal deposition of larval Trachusa larreae. 22. Cell with wall partly removed showing cocoon with fecal streaks partly covering fabric. 23. Front end of same cell with more wall removed, showing fecal pellet deposited behind cell closure. 24. Front end of cocoon with cell closure entirely removed as well as many fecal pellets to reveal nipple centered on front end. 25. Another view of nipple end; note trace of pale yellow discharge (arrow). 26. Close-up of rear of mature larva as it discharges pale, finegrained anal material.
FIGURES 5–10 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 5–10. Microphotographs of nests of first site. 5. Connected cell closures from first nest discovered, frontal view. 6. Five cells from second nest, with position of cells in cluster outlined, top view, single cells not positioned. 7. Front ends of cluster of three radiating cells from second nest, frontal view; note cell 4 still open. 8. Front end of cell, lateral view, showing pronounced projection of upper rim. 9. Close-up of broken edge of cell wall showing dark, highly reflective resin, imbedded, fractured pale small pebbles, and scattered plant fibers. 10. Cell closure, inner view.
FIGURES 20, 21 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 20, 21. Photographs of nest entrances at second site, with coins used to identify tumuli (arrows).
FIGURES 11–19 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 11–19. Microphotographs of immature stages of Trachusa larreae. 11. Egg lying on surface of provisions. 12. Egg inserted in provisions. 13. Probable second instar. 14. Probable third instar. 15. Fourth instar. 16. Early fifth instar, same individual as figure 15, photographed a day later. 17. Same individual as figure 15, photographed a day later, after reorienting, lying on side against provisions while feeding. 18. Live early fifth instar demonstrating middorsal body tubercles and body vestiture of stubble of short setae and long spicules, lateral view. 19. Same, except ventral view, demonstrating pronounced lateral abdominal lobes and absence of same on thorax.
FIGURES 34–36 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 34–36. Microphotographs of cocoon of Trachusa larreae. 34. Outer surface with front end removed, side view. 35. Inner surface, side view, showing reflective part of rear on left and fibrous part of midsection on right. 36. Inner surface of nipple end, showing outer ring of part of fibrous midsection surrounding smooth, nonfibrous fabric covering fine-grained anal discharge that in turn surrounds pale filter in center.
FIGURE 1. H.G.H in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURE 1. H.G.H. pointing to approximate position of first nest of Trachusa larreae discovered in area covered with blooming Eriogonum trichopes; note pollen plant Larrea tridentata to his right. FIGURE 2. First site of nests studied, with first two nests excavated in middle foreground and third nest in background being examined by H.G.H.
FIGURES 52, 53 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 52, 53. Diagrams of fifth instars, lateral view, without vestiture, to same scale (= 1.0 mm), showing pre- and postdefecating morphologies, respectively.
FIGURES 54–57 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 54–57. Microphotograph views of right mandible: 54. dorsal; 55. inner; 56. ventral; and 57. outer. FIGURES 58–59. Microphotographs of spiracles of cleared postdefecating larva: 58. side view; and 59. oblique outer view.
FIGURES 49–50. 49. SEM micrographs abdominal segment 8 in Nesting biology and immatures of the oligolectic bee Trachusa larreae (Apoidea: Megachilidae: Anthidiini)
FIGURES 49–50. 49. SEM micrographs abdominal segment 8, lateral view, showing spiracle above and lateral lobe with its vestiture. 50. Close-up of middle part of lateral lobe; note presence of elongate setiform spicule and setae of three morphologies. FIGURE 51. SEM micrograph of dorsolateral surface of prothorax of larva, viewed somewhat in front, with head (not visible) toward lower left, showing variety of vestiture.
Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidy Larrea tridentata populations
<p class="MsoNormal">Polyploidy—whole genome duplication—is common in plants. Studies over the last several decades have documented numerous mixed-ploidy populations. Whether arising via recurrent whole genome duplication events within a population, or from secondary contact, the persistence of mixed populations is possible by niche differentiation. Specifically, one mechanism facilitating ploidy co-occurrence is microbially-mediated niche differentiation (MMND), wherein cytotypes occupy different niches via interactions with different sets of microbes. Inherently cryptic, MMND is underexplored in polyploid plant populations. Here, we search for evidence of MMND in creosotebush (<em>Larrea tridentata</em>), a dominant desert shrub of the southwestern U.S. and northern Mexico. We sequenced root-associated fungal taxa in soil diploid, autotetraploid, and autohexaploid plants growing in two naturally-occurring mixed-cytotype populations. Within populations, we found substantial fungal assemblage overlap across host plant cytotypes. However, using indicator species analysis, we identified some fungi that are differentiated by host plant cytotype, satisfying a precondition for MMND. Future study is needed to determine the degree of niche differentiation conferred, if any, and whether the identified fungi play a role in the long-term persistence of multiple cytotypes within populations.</p>
Differentiation of rhizosphere fungal assemblages by host ploidy level in mixed-ploidy Larrea tridentata populations
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Data from: Plant-soil microbe feedbacks depend on distance and ploidy in a mixed cytotype population of Larrea tridentata
<p><strong>Premise of the study</strong></p> <p>Theory predicts that mixed ploidy populations should be short-lived due to strong fitness disadvantages for the rare ploidy. However, mixed ploidy populations are common, suggesting that the fitness costs for rare ploidies are counterbalanced by ecological benefits that emerge when rare. We investigated whether differences in ecological interactions with soil microbes help to maintain a tetraploid-hexaploid population of <em>Larrea tridentata </em>(creosote bush) in the Sonoran Desert, California, USA, where prior work documented ploidy-specific root-associated microbes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We used a plant-soil feedback (PSF) experiment to test whether host-specific soil microbes can alter the outcomes of intra-ploidy vs. inter-ploidy competition. Host-specific soil microbes can build up over time; thus, distance from a host plant can affect the fitness of nearby plants.</p> <p><strong>Key results</strong></p> <p>Seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass relative to seedlings grown in soils from near plants of the same ploidy. Moreover, seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass than those grown in soils from further away from plants of a different ploidy. This suggests the ecological consequences of PSF may facilitate the persistence of mixed ploidy populations.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, consistent with plant-soil microbe feedback as a viable mechanism to maintain the coexistence of multiple ploidy levels in a single population.</p>
Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
Image of Larrea tridentata (Zygophyllaceae) - whole tree (or vine) - general
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