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FIGURE 2 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 2. General stratigraphy and observations at mesa El Tesoro; 1) view of the strata over the mined phosphatic Humboldt bed; 2-3) position of the gray phosphatic sandstone over the Humboldt bed; 4) fossils Tlaxcallicetus cf. guaycurae in situ in the gray phosphatic sandstone and 5) ventral view, left ear region of Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation at mesa El Tesoro.

FIGURE 10 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 10. Ear region and left periotic comparison between Tlaxcallicetus species, ventral view. Tlaxcallicetus sp. (MU EcSj5/18/95) (1-2), Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31) (3-4), and specimen found at mesa El Tesoro, Tlaxcallicetus sp., field observation (5-6).

FIGURE 8 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 8. Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), ear region (1) with the left periotic bone (2-4), ventral view. Pars cochlearis (3), posteromedial view.

FIGURE 1. Map locality, 1 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 1. Map locality, 1) state of Baja California Sur, Mexico; 2) Oligocene outcrops of San Juan Member, El Cien Formation; 3) El Saladito and mesa El Tosoro fossilferous localities, north to San Juan de la Costa village.

FIGURE 9 in A new group of late Oligocene mysticetes from México

FIGURE 9. Detailed features of Tlaxcallicetus guaycurae (MU EcSj5/06/31), (1) pitted edge in the glenoid fossa that suggest a fibrocartilaginous joint; (2) inflated and rounded squamosal prominence; (3) external occipital sulcus on the posterior middle part of the supraoccipital.

Figure 34 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 34. Flesh reconstruction of the Ham 3 Anoplotherium latipes specimen in bipedal stance, based on the skeletal reconstruction in Figure 31. Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figure 32 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 32. Reconstruction of the Ham 3 A. latipes skeleton in bipedal stance, supplemented as in Figure 30. Forelimb supinated. Neck at normal articulatory position. Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figure 28 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 28. Graph of moments of resistence (bh2) of vertebral centra of the Ham 3 skeleton, calculated after Slijper (1946), i.e. maximum breadth × height2 in millimetres of posterior articular surface.

Figure 30 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 30. Scatter diagram of medial length versus distal width in millimetres of astragali of Anoplotherium laurillardi from La Débruge and of A. commune and A. latipes (undifferentiated) from La Débruge (Z), Montmartre (Ɨ), Quercy (O) and sites in the Isle of Wight in the Osborne (O) and lower Hamstead (Δ) members.

Figure 25 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 25. Anoplotherium commune, Gypse, Montmartre. Right cuneiform and unciform (BMNH.M2212) in proximopostero-medial view, shown articulated during supination (A) and pronation (B). Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 26 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 26. Anoplotherium latipes, Mormoiron. Pelvis in dorsal view, redrawn from Roman (1922: pl. 3, fig. 2). Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figure 24 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 24. Anoplotherium commune, Gypse, Montmartre. A, B, right associated unciform (A) and cuneiform (B) (BMNH.M2212). C–E, right associated cuboid (D), navicular and ectocuneiform (E), metatarsal III (C, E) and metatarsal IV (C, D) (BMNH.M2221). Views are proximal (A, C), distal (B), lateral (D) and medial (E). Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bars = 50 mm, the larger for A–B, the smaller for C–E.

Figure 27. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 27. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. Reconstruction of left leg in anterior view, with knee bent in probable normal standing position, showing distally splayed tibia. Scale bar = 100 mm.

Figure 22. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 22. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. Reconstruction of dorsal part of rib cage in anterior view by articulating thoracic vertebra 4? and 8th or 9th ribs (see Fig. 7). Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 23. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 23. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. Reconstruction of pronation and supination articulatory positions of proximal left ulna and radius. A, C, pronated. B, D, supinated. Views are anteroproximal (A, B) and anterior (C, D). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 21. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. A, right metatarsal II in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 21. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton. A, right metatarsal II and right mesocuneiform articulated (IWCMS. 1999.128). B, partial pes articulated shown as left, comprising left calcaneum, left cuboid, right mesocuneiform (reversed), left ectocuneiform, left metatarsal III (IWCMS. 1999.128) and left metatarsal II (IWCMS. 2000.390). C, left calcaneum. D, left M/T II. E, left ectocuneiform and M/T III articulated. F, right M/T II. G, right mesocuneiform. H–J, pedal left first phalanx III (IWCMS. 1999.128). K, sesamoid (IWCMS. 1999.128). Views are medial (A, E), anterior (B), lateral (C, D, J), proximal (F), distal (G), dorsal (H), ventral (I) and medial or lateral (K). Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 15. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton, manus. A–C in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 15. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton, manus. A–C, left scaphoid (SMNS.41992). D–F, left unciform (BMNH.M42661) and proximal metacarpal IV (SMNS.42066a) articulated. G, J, P, left metacarpal II. H, I, right metacarpals III and IV, reversed (IWCMS. 1999.128), to show articulation (G) and juxtaposition (J) with left M/C II. K–M, manual right first phalanx IV, reversed (IWCMS. 1999.128). N, O, manual left or right second phalanx III or IV (SMNS.42098). Q, R, right M/C III, reversed. S, right M/C IV reversed. Views are anterior (A, D, G, H), lateral (B, F, P, R), proximal (C, I, J), medial (E, K, Q, S), dorsal (L, O), ventral (M) and medial or lateral (N). Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 16. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 16. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton, left os innominatum (IWCMS. 1999.128) in lateral view. A, ilium fragments with acetabulum. B, ischium fragment. Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 5. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 5. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton, thoracic vertebrae (IWCMS. 1999.128). A–C, T1 embedded in pyrite slab. D, T3?. E–H, T4?. I–J, T11?. K–N, T12?. Views are anterior (A, D, E, K), left lateral (B, J, N), right lateral reversed (H), posterior (C, F, I, L) and dorsal (G, M). Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 50 mm.

Figure 9. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 in Bipedal browsing adaptations of the unusual Late Eocene-earliest Oligocene tylopod Anoplotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia)

Figure 9. Anoplotherium latipes. Ham 3 skeleton, left scapula (SMNS.42098), in distal (A), ventral (B) and dorsal (C) views. Coated with ammonium chloride. Scale bar = 50 mm.