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FIGURE 3 in Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

FIGURE 3. Radiographs of caudal skeletons of Lepadichthys frenatus (A, B) and L. misakius (C, D). (A), AMS I 20268-026, 39.9 mm SL; (B), AMS I 20463-015, 43.1 mm SL; (C), KAUM–I. 56686, 41.5 mm SL; (D), CMNH-ZF 12210, 45.8 mm SL.

FIGURE 2 in Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

FIGURE 2. CT scanned skeleton of Lepadichthys frenatus, AMS IB. 6682, 21.5 mm SL. (A–C), overall shape; (D–F), close up of head. (A, D), dorsal view; (B, E), lateral view; (C, F), ventral view.

FIGURE 6 in Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

FIGURE 6. Underwater photographs of Lepadichthys frenatus (A) (Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia in 10 m depth: Photo by T. Davis) and L. misakius (B) (Omi-jima island, Yamaguchi, Japan: Photo by S. Inoue). Specimens not collected.

FIGURE 17 in Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

FIGURE 17. Relationships of (A) counts of total pectoral-fin rays (P1) plus number of pectoral-fin ray base level with upper end of gill membrane (UA) and number of pectoral-fin ray base attached to disc base by membrane (LA); (B) locations of NC2 (nasal canal pore), as illustrated in dorsal head views (C–G) to individuals (%) in Lepadichthys frenatus (blue bars, C, D) and L. misakius (red bars, E–G). (C), AMS I 20463-015, 33.1 mm SL; (D), AMS I 17369-006, 37.8 mm SL; (E), BSKU 65523, 35.7 mm SL; (F), KAUM–I. 21758, 32.4 mm SL; (G), BSKU 96653, 40.9 mm SL. L, lectotype; P, paralectotype; H, holotype.

FIGURE 1 in Validity of Lepadichthys misakius (Tanaka 1908) and redescription of Lepadichthys frenatus Waite 1904 (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae)

FIGURE 1. Preserved (A–F) type specimens of Lepadichthys frenatus. (A–C), AMS I. 6103, lectotype, 44.9 mm SL, Lord Howe Island, New South Wales, Australia; (D–G), AMS I. 3129, paralectotype, 42.8 mm SL, same data as lectotype. (A, D), lateral views; (B, E), dorsal views; (C, F), ventral views; (G), x-radiograph.

FIG. 18 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 18. Preserved specimens of Flabellicauda bolini. (A–C) CAS 158341, holotype, 28.8 mm SL, Espiritu Santo Island, Vanuatu; (D) USNM 360161, 21 mm SL, Madang, Papua New Guinea; (E) ANSP 128248, 18.9 mm SL, Suva, Fiji. (A, D, E) Lateral views. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Ventral view.

FIG. 6 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 6. Head sensory canal pores of (A–C) Flabellicauda alleni, new species, and (D–F) Flabellicauda cometes, new species. Illustrations based on (A–C) USNM 360264, holotype, 26.2 mm SL and (D–F) ROM 55929, holotype, 17.3 mm SL. (A, D) Dorsal views. (B, E) Lateral views. (C, F) Ventral views. Scale bars ¼ 1 mm. Abbreviations: AN and PN, anterior and posterior nostrils, respectively; LC, lacrimal canal pores; NC, nasal canal pores; PO, postorbital canal pores.

FIG. 9 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 9. Relationships of (A) head length, (B) pre-disc length, (C) head length plus pre-disc length, (D) orbit diameter, and (E) snout length (as % of standard length) to standard length (mm) in F. alleni, new species (red diamonds) and F. bolini (blue circles), showing (A–D) differences and (E) morphological change with growth.

FIG. 14 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 14. Distributional map of species of Flabellicauda: F. alleni, new species (red diamonds), F. cometes, new species (yellow squares), F. bolini (blue circles), and F. akiko (green triangles). Closed and open symbols indicate records based on specimens examined in this study and published photographs, respectively. Arrowheads indicate type locality.

FIG. 17 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 17. CT-scanned skeleton of Flabellicauda cometes, new species, ROM 55928, 15.0 mm SL. (A) Lateral view of whole body. (B) Dorsal view of anterior body. (C) Lateral view of anterior body. (D) Ventral view of anterior body. Abbreviations as in Figure 10.

FIG. 3 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 3. Preserved specimens of Flabellicauda alleni, new species. (A–C) USNM 360264, holotype, 26.2 mm SL, Palawan, Philippines; (D) KPM-NI. 1982, 24.5 mm SL, Sabah, Malaysia; and (E) USNM 360162, 22.9 mm SL, Trincomalee, Sri Lanka. (A, D, E) Lateral views. (B) Dorsal view. (C) Ventral view.

FIG. 10 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 10. CT-scanned skeleton of Flabellicauda alleni, new species, ROM 55185, 21.5 mm SL. (A) Lateral view of whole body. (B) Dorsal view of anterior body. (C) Lateral view of anterior body. (D) Ventral view of anterior body. Abbreviations: ACh, anterior ceratohyal; Ana, anguloarticular; Apa, autopalatine; Bh, basihyal; Bp, basipterygium; Br, branchiostegal rays; Cl, cleithrum; Cor, coracoid; De, dentary; DHh, dorsal hypohyal; DPcl, dorsal postcleithrum; EpC, epicentral; Ect, ectopterygoid; Epoc, epiotic; Exoc, exoccipital; Fr, frontal; HS, hemal spine of ventral postcleithrum; Hy, hyomandibular; I, pelvic-fin spine; Ih, interhyal; Iop, interopercle; La, lachrymal; LE, lateral ethmoid; M, mesethmoid; Mx, maxilla; Na, nasal; NS, neural spine of ventral postcleithrum; Op, opercle; Pa, parietal; PecR, pectoral radial; Pmx, premaxilla; Pop, preopercle; Psph, parasphenoid; Pt, posttemporal; Pte, pterotic; PU, preural centrum; Q, quadrate; Ra, retroarticular; Ri, rib; Sc, scapula; Scl, supracleithrum; Soc, supraoccipital; Sop, subopercle; Sph, sphenotic; Sym, symplectic; Ur, urohyal; V, vertebral centrum; Vo, vomer; and VPcl, ventral postcleithrum.

FIG. 2 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 2. Caudal skeletons of (A) Flabellicauda alleni, new species, FMNH 127786, 17.1 mm SL; (B) Flabellicauda cometes, new species, ROM 55928, 10.3 mm SL; (C) Lepadichthys frenatus, AMS I. 27134-018, 30.3 mm SL; (D) Lepadichthys minor, ROM 73449, 13.4 mm SL; (E) Discotrema crinophilum, ROM 85350, 25.4 mm SL; (F) Diademichthys lineatus, ROM 65282, 35.6 mm SL; (G) Gobiesox funebris, AMNH 5557, 46.7 mm SL; and (H) Acyrtus rubiginosus, UF 149202, 20.0 mm SL. Scale bars ¼ 1 mm. Abbreviations: AFR, anal-fin ray; DFR, dorsal-fin ray; DRC, cartilaginous distal radial; Ep, epural; EpC, epural cartilage; HP, hypural plate; HSPU2, hemal spine of preural centrum 2; LHP, lower hypural plate; NSPU2, neural spine of preural centrum 2; Ph, parhypural; PhC, parhypural cartilage; P-MR, proximalmiddle radial; PU, preural centrum; UC, ural centrum; and UHP, upper hypural plate. Asterisks indicate diastema between UHP and LHP.

FIG. 8 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 8. Underwater photographs of (A–D) F. alleni, new species, (E) F. bolini, and (F–H) F. akiko. (A–C) 1.5 m depth, Rinca Island, West Flores, Indonesia. Photos by M. Erdmann. (D) 7 m depth, Bohol, Philippines. Photo by K. Yamasaki. (E) 5 m depth, Manus, Papua New Guinea. Photo by G. Allen. (F) 70 m depth, West Papua, Indonesia. Holotype. Photo by G. Allen. (G) 70 m depth, West Papua, Indonesia. Photo by M. Erdmann. (H) 40 m depth, Okinawa Island, Japan. Photo by N. Shirakawa. (A–E, G, H) Specimens not collected. (E, F) Reproduced from Allen and Erdmann (2012) with permission.

FIG. 13 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 13. Internal supporting skeleton of the paired-fin girdles of Flabellicauda alleni, new species, FMNH 127786, 16.5 mm SL. (A) Pelvic disc in ventral view. (B) Pelvic disc supporting skeleton, including elements of the pelvic and pectoral-fin girdle in dorsal view (anterior to top of page); postcleithra and pelvic-fin rays of the right side removed. (C) Pelvic-fin rays of right side in dorsal view (anterior to top of page). (D) Pectoral-fin girdle of right side in medial view (anterior to left). (E) Close-up of elements of the pectoral-fin endoskeleton articulating with pectoral-fin rays of the right side in medial view (anterior to left). Abbreviations: PecFR, pectoralfin ray; PelR, pelvic-fin soft ray; PRC, pelvic-radial cartilage. Other abbreviations as in Figure 10.

FIG. 5 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 5. Fresh coloration of Flabellicauda alleni, new species. (A) KPM-NI. 1983, 18.5 mm SL, Sabah, Malaysia (image reversed); (B, C) KPM-NI. 1982, 24.5 mm SL, Sabah, Malaysia (image reversed); and (D, E) WAM P. 35182-001, 21.4 mm SL, Lesser Sundas, Indonesia. (A, B, D) Lateral views. (C) Dorsal view. (E) Ventral view. (A–C) Photos by H. Senou.

FIG. 7 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 7. Pelvic discs of (A) F. alleni, new species, USNM 360264, holotype, 26.2 mm SL; (B) F. cometes, new species, ROM 55929, holotype, 17.3 mm SL; (C) F. bolini, ANSP 128248, 20.6 mm SL; and (D) F. akiko, WAM P. 33772-002, 11.5 mm SL. Scale bars ¼ 0.5 mm. Black dots indicate lacking disc papillae patch.

FIG. 4 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 4. Preserved small specimens of (A–E) Flabellicauda alleni, new species, and (F–J) Flabellicauda bolini. (A, B) YCM-P 36726, 19.7 mm SL, Sabah, Malaysia; (C–E) YCM-P 36727, 11.5 mm SL, Sabah, Malaysia; (F, G) CAS 224422, 16.2 mm SL, Suva, Fiji; and (H–J) CAS 224419, 13.2 mm SL, Vanua Levu Island, Fiji. (A, C, F, H) Lateral views. (B, D, G, I) Dorsal views. (E, J) Ventral views.

FIG. 12 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 12. Viscerocranium of Flabellicauda alleni, new species, FMNH 127786, 16.5 mm SL. (A) Hyopalatine arch and opercular series, right side in lateral view (image reversed); margins of opercular bones highlight- ed with thin black lines. (B) Lower jaw in lateral view. (C) Upper jaw in dorsal view. (D) Gill-arch elements in dorsal view; margins of ceratobranchial bones of right side highlighted with thin black lines. (E) Hyoid bar, right side in medial view and urohyal. Abbreviations: AsPr, ascending process of premaxilla; Bb, basibranchial; Cb, ceratobranchial; CoPr, coronoid process; Eb, epibranchial; GFC, gillfilament cartilage; GR, gill raker; Hb, hypobranchial; MC, Meckel's cartilage; MPr, median process of dentary; PbTP3, pharyngobranchial 3 toothplate; PCh, posterior ceratohyal; and RT, replacement teeth. Other abbreviations as in Figure 10.

FIG. 20 in Description of a New Genus and Two New Species of Indo-Pacific Clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Diademichthyinae) with Redescription and Reassignment of Two Species Previously Assigned to Lepadichthys Waite, 1904

FIG. 20. Preserved specimens of Flabellicauda akiko. (A–C) MZB 20592, holotype, 10.5 mm SL, West Papua, Indonesia; (D–F) WAM P. 33772-002, 11.5 mm SL, West Papua, Indonesia. (A, D) Lateral views. (B, E) Dorsal views. (C, F) Ventral views.