Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 8 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 8. Bivariate relationships between the cranial length and nine morphological variables. The lines represent slopes of the relationship between the log-transformed cranial length and nine variables fitted by reduced major axis regression separately for P. fossilis, P. spelaea, and P. leo. Axes are logged.

FIGURE 9 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 9. The summary of mean allometric coefficients (slopes of the relationship between the log-transformed cranial length and nine variables fitted by reduced major axis regression) with 95% bootstrapped confidence intervals. They show more positive allometry for mastoid width, canine width, medial nasale length, and lateral nasal length in P. fossilis relative to other three species (although 95% confidence intervals are broad). The postorbital width shows negative allometry in P. leo whereas it shows positive allometry in P. spelaea and P. fossilis. The missing values in P. atrox did not allow to measure its allometric coefficients for lateral nasal length.

FIGURE 6 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 6. Different types of lion heads in Paleolithic art, maybe indicating the cranial profile type 2 (A), probably the cranial profile type 1 (B), and the cranial profile type 0 (C-F). A: a lion head sculpture from Kostenki near Voronezh, Russia (ca. 23 ka BP, redrawn from Efimenko 1958); B: a lion head sculpture from Vogelherd, Germany (ca. 38-33 ka BP, redrawn from Koenigswald and Schmitt 1987); C: a lion head sculpture from Dolní Věstonice, Moravia–Czech Republic (ca. 27-29 ka BP, redrawn from Jelínek 1972); D: a cave lion depicted in La Marche, France (Magdalenian); E: cave lion pair depicted in Chauvet, France (˂ 26 ka BP); F: cave lions depicted in Chauvet, France (˂ 26 ka BP, redrawn from Clottes 2001). © J. Gullár, 2009-2014 (A–C, F) and the archive of M. Sabol (D and E). Author of illustrations A–C and F is J. Gullár (please, cite it as: J. Gullár in Sabol et al., 2022); D and E are from the archive of M. Sabol.

FIGURE 5 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 5. Boxplots showing differences in cranial length and in the POC/IOB ratio. The horizontal dashed lines approximately span the minima and maxima in P. leo from Mazák (2010).

FIGURE 4 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 4. The types of lion crania distinguished based on cranial profile with the assumed life reconstruction. A: cranium with the straight nasofrontal profile (0)–cranium of Panthera spelaea from the Medvedia jaskyňa Cave in the Západné Tatry Mts. in Slovakia (Last Glacial), B: cranium with the intermediate profile between type 0 and type 2 (1)– cranium of Panthera spelaea from the Zoolithenhöhle Cave in Germany (Last Glacial), C: cranium with the concave nasofrontal profile (2)–cranium of Panthera fossilis from Azé in France (Holsteinian). © J. Gullár, 2011-2021. The crania are not scaled. Author of illustrations is J. Gullár (please, cite it as: J. Gullár in Sabol et al., 2022).

FIGURE 1 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 1. Chronology of lion lineages based on the data from the fossil record and molecular and paleogenetic researches, referred in the "State of art" section. The grey color in the Panthera spelaea lineage suggests questionable evolutionary position of these lion forms. American lions probably represent a separate lineage. The Quaternary chronostratigraphy system is created with the TimeScale Creator software, v. 8.0 (2021).

FIGURE 2. The 12 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 2. The 12 linear cranial characters measured on lion crania. 1: greatest cranial length (L, measured as the distance between the prosthion and the acrocranion), 2: palatal length (LP, measured parasagittally as the distance between the prosthion and the staphylion), 3: medial length of nasals (LMN, measured parasagittally as the distance between the naso-frontal suture and the dorsal margin of the external narial opening), 4: lateral length of nasals (LLN, measured as the distance between the naso-frontal suture and the anteriormost tip of the nasal), 5: greatest nasal width (BN, measured at rostral projection of nasals), 6: the snout width (BS, measured at the level of upper canines), 7: interorbital width (IOB, distance between orbits), 8: maximum cranial width across zygomatic arches (BZ), 9: width across postorbital constriction (POC), 10: greatest neurocranial width (BNC, greatest distance between lateral margins of braincase: euryon–euryon), 11: mastoid width (BM, measured across mastoid processes), and 12: greatest diameter of the auditory bullae (LAB). Cranium drawing modified according to Argant (1991).

FIGURE 3 in Geographic and temporal variability in Pleistocene lion-like felids: Implications for their evolution and taxonomy

FIGURE 3. Profile depths (blue) and angular variables (red) measured on lion crania. Angle A: the cranial profile angle (nasale–frontale angularity), angle B: the angle between narial aperture and nasofrontal profile (premaxillary– nasofrontale angularity), and angle C: the angle between alveolar margin and postorbital process (maxillary–frontale angularity). Cranium drawing modified according to Argant (1991).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 2. Giardia duodenalis 18S in Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium occurrence in Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) exposed to varied levels of human interaction

Fig. 2. Giardia duodenalis 18S rRNA phylogenetic tree. Phylogenetic analysis of Giardia duodenalis positive samples was performed using a fragment of 18S rRNA gene. Analysis within the phylogenetic framework placed sea lion samples within the assemblage B (n = 27) and assemblage A clades (n = 1). Branch values indicate percent bootstrapping using 1000 replicates.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2014View details →

Fig. 1 in Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium occurrence in Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) exposed to varied levels of human interaction

Fig. 1. (A) Western Australia sampling locations. Faecal samples were collected from West Australia Sea lion colonies on Beagle and North Fisherman Islands. Coastal settlements and human impacted camping locations within close proximity to Sea lion colonies are indicated. (B) South Australia sampling locations. Australian sea lion faecal samples were collected from South Australia colonies; Blefuscu, Lewis, Liguanea, Lilliput, Olive and West Waldegrave Islands. Coastal towns and camping areas within close proximity to Australian Sea lion colonies are identified. (C) South Australia sampling locations: Kangaroo Island. Three colonies were sampled from Kangaroo Island including Cape Gantheaume, Seal Bay and Seal Slide. Coastal towns and recreational beach camping sites on the island are indicated.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 1 in Metazoan parasites of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): A new data and review

Fig. 1. Microphotographs of the metazoan parasites of California sea lions Zalophus califronianus. A, B – Apophallus zalophi, intestine (Digenea), C – Zalophotrema hepaticum, liver (Digenea), D, G – Contracaecum ogmorhini s. l., stomach (Nematoda), E, H – Pseudoterranova decipiens s. l., stomach (Nematoda), F – Anisakis simplex s. l., stomach (Nematoda), I, S – Diphyllobothrium sp., intestine (Cestoda), J, K – Orthohalarchne attenuata, nasal cavity (Acarina), L – Orthohalarchne diminuata (Acarina), M, R – Anophryocephalus sp., intestine (Cestoda), N, O – Corynosoma obtuscens, intestine (Acanthocephala), P, Q – Profilicollis altmani, intestine (Acanthocephala). A, C, F–I, K, M, N, P – under dissecting scope. B, Q – at light microscope. D, E, O, R, S, – at scanning electron microscope. J – in situ.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2018View details →

Fig. 2 in Metazoan parasites of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus): A new data and review

Fig. 2. Prevalence and proportion of separate species in the gastrointestinal helminth community of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus). Abbreviations of the genera: A – Anisakis, An – Andracantha, Ap – Apophallus, C – Contracaecum, Co – Corynosoma, P – Pseudoterranova, Pa – Parafilaroides, Pr – Profilicollis, Z – Zalophotrema.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 5. Size comparison of lion p4 and m1 from Za Hájovnou Cave with close relative forms from European sites (black: Panthera fossilis, grey: Panthera cf. fossilis or Panthera fossilis – spelaea; f = female, old c. = old collection). Data source: Wojtusiak 1953, Thenius 1972, Schütt and Hemmer 1978, Argant 1988, 1991, García 2003, Baryshnikov and Tsoukala 2010). in Panthera Fossilis (Reichenau, 1906) (Felidae, Carnivora) From Za Hájovnou Cave (Moravia, The Czech Republic): A Fossil Record From 1987-2007

Text-fig. 5. Size comparison of lion p4 and m1 from Za Hájovnou Cave with close relative forms from European sites (black: Panthera fossilis, grey: Panthera cf. fossilis or Panthera fossilis – spelaea; f = female, old c. = old collection). Data source: Wojtusiak 1953, Thenius 1972, Schütt and Hemmer 1978, Argant 1988, 1991, García 2003, Baryshnikov and Tsoukala 2010).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 6. Thin section of third lower incisor from a bear (Ursus deningeri), Propástka 1, layer 3. in Seasonality Of Use Of Za Hájovnou Cave By Bears And Lions

Text-fig. 6. Thin section of third lower incisor from a bear (Ursus deningeri), Propástka 1, layer 3.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2014View details →

Text-fig. 2. Thin section of canine from a bear (Ursus deningeri), Chodba naděje, layer 4, depth 140–200 cm. in Seasonality Of Use Of Za Hájovnou Cave By Bears And Lions

Text-fig. 2. Thin section of canine from a bear (Ursus deningeri), Chodba naděje, layer 4, depth 140–200 cm.

Fig. 1 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions

Fig. 1. FIV infection is common in lions of Kruger National Park. Within the sample population, 72.8% (142/195) of lions were infected with FIV. Prevalence of FIV infection was similar between males and females (75.6% versus 70.2%; n = 74 and 121, respectively), but increased with host age (a). For ease of visualization, age has been broken up by life stage into cubs (0–2yrs), subadults (2.1–4yrs), young adults (4.1–6yrs), prime adults (6.1–8yrs), and seniors (>8yrs) based on previous age classifications (Schaller, 1976). Regional prevalence of FIV was highest in the central region and lowest in the north (b). The map to the right shows locations where lion prides were sampled.

Fig. 4 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions

Fig. 4. FIV has strong direct and indirect effects on overall health. The final path model (a) shows only statistically significant relationships between manifest variables (rectangles) and latent variables (circles) for FIV infection, immune response (IMM), coinfections with hemoparasites (Hemoparasites), co-infections with gastrointestinal parasites (Helminths), and morbidity (Morbidity). Note that the parameter βx,z between each variable of interest represents the path coefficient obtained from least squares regression examining the relationship between one latent variable and the next (for example, FIV to IMM). Blue arrows represent positive relationships, whereas red arrows denote negative relationships. Final sample size was 106 lions.

Fig. 3 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions

Fig. 3. FIV significantly increases the prevalence of select gastrointestinal and hemoparasitic coinfections, as well as overall parasite richness for both groups. Graph (a) shows the prevalence of coinfecting parasites isolated in lions from this study. Sample size for the parasite groups included is as follows: n = 114 for gastrointestinal parasites; n = 190 for hemoparasites; and n = 195 for viral parasites. Coinfections are broken down by FIV status (positive versus negative). The two additional graphs illustrate the relationship between FIV status and gastrointestinal parasite richness (b) and hemoparasite richness (c).

Fig. 2 in Equal contributions of feline immunodeficiency virus and coinfections to morbidity in African lions

Fig. 2. FIV has broad effects on lion health and is associated with progressive immune impairment. Box (2a) above provides a complete list of the health metrics measured for the purposes of this study. Arrows to the right of each variable summarize the directionality of statistically significant changes with FIV infection. Descriptive statistics and reference values can be found in Table 2. Complete model output can be found in supplementary tables S1–S4. For ease of visualization, each parameter has been broken into categories of clinical relevance. To the right, age-related changes in lymphocyte profiles are shown for total lymphocyte counts in FIV-positive versus FIV-negative lions (b); as well as specific lymphocyte subsets in FIV-positive lions (c). Due to small sample size for lymphocyte subsets, subadults, and cubs have been included together under the 'juvenile' category.

Fig. 1 in Topical ivermectin is a highly effective seal 'spot-on': A randomised trial of hookworm and lice treatment in the endangered Australian sea lion (Neophoca cinerea)

Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the trial course showing pup recruitment and recapture count for the three experimental groups for each of the three colony visits. P1 = time between recruitment and first recapture; P2 = time between first recapture and second recapture. Observation of deceased pups is shown relative to (i.e., before or after) the pup's sampling at that visit.