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43 results for “Local Ecological Knowledge”
Fig. 3 in Local ecological and taxonomic knowledge of snapper fish (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) held by fishermen in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
Fig. 3. Similarity dendrogram for the species of the snapper group according to the environments in which they are found, according to the perception of the fishermen from Ilhéus, Bahia State, Brazil (number of interviews = 15; for the E. oculatus and P. furcifer n = 7).
Dataset and R script used in "Local knowledge reconstructs historical resource use" published in Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment
<p>Data and R code used in: L. Castello, E.G. Martins, M. Sorice, E. Smith, M. Almeida, G.C.C. Bastos, L.G. Cardoso, M. Clauzet, A.P. Dopona, B. Ferreira, M. Haimovici, M. Jorge, J. Mendonça, A.O. Ávila-da-Silva, A.P.O. Roman, M. Ramires, L.M. Villwock, P.F.M. Lopes. (Year) Local knowledge reconstructs historical resource use. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.</p>
Combining local ecological knowledge with camera traps to assess the link between African mammal life history traits and their occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes
<p>Understanding what influences species and trait composition is critical for predicting changes in communities driven by landscape transformation. </p> <p>We explored how life history traits are associated with the persistence of mammal species in human-dominated habitats within the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve, South Africa. We combined data from a camera trap and a local ecological knowledge-based survey in an integrated occupancy model to analyze species occurrence along a gradient of anthropogenic landscape transformation. </p> <p>Results confirmed that mammal occurrence in human-modified habitats was related to specific life history traits. Species with more specialist diets, as well as larger body mass species were more likely to stay in protected areas. Species with slow reproductive strategies occupied more natural areas. </p> <p>Our study also showed that combining different monitoring methods enabled us to increase spatial coverage and mammal sighting numbers. This approach fostered research participation by various stakeholders, an important step for co-designing wildlife-friendly anthropogenic spaces. </p> <p><strong>Synthesis and applications: </strong>Integrating data from a standard ecological protocol and structured participatory citizen knowledge allowed us to identify the species functional traits associated with mammal species occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes at a local scale. These results advocate for wisely combining methods, and will guide conservation orientated land-use planning towards the protection of natural habitats in the Garden Route Biosphere Reserve. This methodological approach will enable managers and conservationists to use data obtain from diverse protocols. This should catalyze the involvement of citizens in biodiversity monitoring and conservation.</p>
Integrating Local and Traditional Ecological Knowledge into Anadromous Waters Cataloging and Fish Inventories of select drainages of the Tanana and Yukon rivers 2021-2023
<p>***Funded by the Alaska Sustainable Salmon Fund #54007, a part of the Pacific Coastal Salmon Recovery Fund</p> <p><strong>Synopsis</strong></p> <p>During 2021 and 2022, staff from the Alaska Department of Fish and Game (ADF&G), Division of Sport Fish, Alaska Freshwater Fish Inventory (AFFI) program and the Yukon River Drainage Fisheries Association (YRDFA) will collaborate to integrate Local and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (LTK) ethnographic interviews into a rapid systematic inventory of fish communities and associated habitats in select drainages of the lower Tanana River and Upper Yukon River in the area of Tanana and Fairbanks. First, in 2021, LTK surveys in the communities of Tanana, Manley Hot Springs and Nenana will locate important subsistence areas that will be overlain on our GIS-selected target streams to assist in filling gaps in coverage of the State of Alaska's Catalog of Waters Important for the Spawning, Rearing or Migration of Anadromous Fishes (AWC) in freshwater habitats expected to support anadromous fish populations likely to be impacted by human activities. Then, in 2022, this project will seasonally sample target streams and record observations in the Alaska Freshwater Fish Inventory database (AFFID), nominate water bodies to the AWC when anadromous fish are observed, and provide publicly available data via the AFFID internet mapping service. Anticipated benefits of this project are multiple hundreds of kilometers and/or dozens of water bodies added to the AWC as well as a broader understanding of the importance of this region’s fish species to local human communities.</p> <p><span><span>1.<span> </span></span></span><u>Introduction</u></p> <p>In Alaska, habitats that support migrating, spawning, or rearing anadromous fish are protected under multiple administrative jurisdictions, including state, federal, and local habitat protection standards. Alaska Statute (AS) 16.05.871 (the Anadromous Fish Act) is a keystone statutory protection for freshwater habitats of anadromous fish in Alaska, requiring the ADF&G to "specify the various rivers, lakes, and streams or parts of them" of the state that are important to the spawning, rearing, or migration of anadromous fish.<span> </span>The resulting atlas is known as the Anadromous Waters Catalog (AWC) which is adopted as regulation under 5 AAC 95.011. Under the Anadromous Fish Act, activities and uses conducted in or otherwise affecting water bodies specified in the AWC require permitting from the ADF&G Habitat Section. Many other federal, state, and local government policies specify additional protections for anadromous fish habitat in Alaska. To be listed in the AWC, water bodies must have site-specific, direct, unambiguous observations of anadromous fish by a qualified observer. This is a major reason the AFFI program targets areas with high potential to add water bodies to the AWC.</p> <p>Beginning in spring 2021, YRDFA and AFFI staff will conduct LTK interviews and mapping in the communities of Tanana, Manley Hot Springs, and Nenana. By spring 2022, the LTK contributions will be mapped and added to our site selection criteria prior to field work. Based on seasonality of some fishes in this area, we will establish certain seasonal site locations that are road accessible to determine spatiotemporal patterns in the fish community used by area residents. This will include target streams sampled in June, the main summer season (see following paragraph), and September.</p> <p>From July 10 to August 1, 2022, 4 crews, each with 2 members, will sample fish communities using AFFI protocols in selected streams draining into the Tanana and Yukon rivers within a general area upstream of the Kokrines (a historical settlement downstream of Tanana) and downstream of the city of Fairbanks. Target sites will include wadeable headwater streams and un-wadeable streams. Summer surveys will maximize detection of juvenile and spawning Chinook salmon, juvenile coho salmon, as well as spawning summer chum salmon. More opportunistic seasonal sampling for 5 days, tentatively in late-spring (e.g., early June) and fall (September or October), could enhance the likelihood of detecting multiple life history stages of rearing, migrating, or spawning whitefishes, Chinook salmon, coho salmon, and chum salmon.</p> <p><span> </span>Given the size and remoteness of the Yukon and Tanana river drainages, this AFFI proposal is for years 3 and 4 of a multiyear effort to sample the region and provides enough funding to conduct spring, summer, and fall sampling. AFFI staff will pursue additional funding sources to conduct more surveys if possible. Before this proposed study, AKSSF funded AFFI to survey the upper Yukon and Tanana River drainages in 2019 and 2020 (AKSSF projects 44375 and 53013, respectively). For example, 2019 surveys in the upper Yukon and Tanana river drainages documented >40 streams previously unlisted in the AWC for Chinook salmon.</p> <p><span><span>2.<span> </span></span></span><u>Location(s)</u></p> <p>Sampling will be done in select drainages of the Yukon and Tanana rivers bounded downstream near the old Yukon River village of Kokrines (N 64.9376, W -154.6944) and upstream to the Tanana River tributary Willow Creek (N 64.6719, W -148.2027). This includes the area and tributaries around the confluence of the Yukon and Tanana rivers (N 65.1682, W -151.9982) between the villages of Tanana and Manley Hot Springs.</p> <p><strong><span><span>I.<span> </span></span></span></strong><strong>Objectives</strong></p> <p>Objective 1: To maximize the spatial increase of documented anadromous fish habitats depicted in the AWC within the study area (sampling a minimum 80 headwater target streams, and 12 un-wadeable target streams)<span> </span>not including repeat sampling of select sites to document seasonal presence of some anadromous species.</p> <p>Objective 2: To use LTK to maximize the spatial increase of documented anadromous fish habitats depicted in the AWC within the study area while also corroborating and verifying the LTK with field surveys<span>.</span></p> <p>Objective 3:<span> </span>To record characteristics, using established protocols, of aquatic habitats (including riparian zone) at each sampling location.</p> <p>Objective 4:<span> </span>To provide the fish distribution and associated aquatic habitat information to State & Federal agencies, participating communities, and the public.</p> <p><strong><span><span>II.<span> </span></span></span></strong><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><span>This collaborative project is designed to contribute to the AWC using social and biological methods. Prior to field work, a YRDFA anthropologist and ADF&G staff will contact the Tribal Councils of Tanana, Manley Hot Springs, and Nenana to schedule community meetings (in-person or online, as able) and ethnographic interviews between late spring 2021 and spring 2022. These interviews and mapping activities will establish what is known about the timing and distribution of resident and anadromous fishes and create maps that can be overlain on the AWC with other AFFI site selection criteria to identify streams to sample the following year. </span><span>The next year, project staff will seek to verify LTK surveys and add to the AWC through seasonal sampling. The proposed study area for 2020 has a road system along the Tanana River which will allow access via truck and boat to certain streams during 5 days each in spring (June) and fall (September). This will likely raise the number of sites this project can sample while avoiding excess helicopter expenses. Additionally, this will allow better seasonal sampling efforts to maximize the ability to document seasonally variable fish distributions such as summer salmon spawning and fall whitefish spawning seasons. Summer sampling will be more expansive and follow ADF&G's AFFI protocols (Giefer and Cathcart 2019) where 4 crews, each with 2 members, will use helicopters to sample fish communities in selected study stream reaches for approximately 21 days in summer of 2022. Target survey sites will include wadeable headwater streams sampled with a backpack electrofisher, and un-wadeable streams sampled with a raft-mounted electrofisher. Sites within the study area that are identified as being anadromous fish rearing from LTK surveys and currently unlisted in the AWC will be prioritized for verification. <span> </span></span></p> <p><span><em>Study area selection</em></span></p> <p><span>The long-term goal of the AFFI program is to complete a statewide baseline inventory of fish assemblages and associated aquatic and riparian habitats. At its inception, the AFFI program developed a systematic approach to rank and prioritize Alaska’s 139 subbasin level hydrologic units. At the time of this proposal, the AFFI program has surveyed 81 of the 139 subbasins that were originally prioritized. This project’s 99,099 square kilometer study area includes subbasins of the lower Tanana River between the city Fairbanks and the mouth of the Tanana River, tributaries draining the south side of the Tanana upstream of Fairbanks but west of Clear Creek, and in select subbasins of the Yukon River near the community of Tanana but upstream of Kokrines.<span> </span></span></p> <p><span><em>Target stream selection</em></span></p> <p><span>Target stream selection will be performed by integrating LTK survey information with our conventional method of using GIS to identify previously unsampled (or not rigorously sampled) streams that can be safely accessed while maximizing potential additions to the AWC. The number of headwater streams in the study area will exceed the project’s limited sampling effort capacity; therefore, a subset of streams comprising the longest stream segments not listed in the AWC will be selected as targets. The headwater team will sample approximately six to eight headwater streams per day and, when operating, the raft or riverboat team will float and sample one un-wadeable stream per day. Based on past AFFI projects, it is estimated that a minimum of 80 headwater target streams will be sampled, and 12 un-wadeable target streams could be rafted and sampled during the 21 field days (not including the 5 field days in each of June and September).<span> </span>However, these estimates are contingent upon weather and logistics.</span></p> <p><span>Reference sites for seasonal sampling will be prioritized depending on spatial and temporal observations from LTK surveys where we will select road or boat accessible locations to target fishes in spring, summer, and fall. We will seek to access all LTK-identified subbasins for subsistence fishes but they will be prioritized according to logistics (i.e., fuel and time needed to reach location) and potential addition to the AWC.</span></p> <p><span><em>Sampling methods</em></span></p> <p><span>Ideally, the fish community and habitat will be sampled with standardized methods per AFFI protocols. Fish will be collected by single-pass electrofishing standardized by stream width (i.e., 40 or 120 wetted-channel-widths in wadeable and un-wadeable target streams, respectively). Captured fish will be identified, measured, and released. Other gear types (such as beach seines, angling, or minnow traps) may be deployed if conditions prohibit electrofishing. Standard water chemistry, channel morphology, and riparian habitat parameters will be recorded at each sample site in addition to longer-term water temperature or eDNA sampling efforts in reference streams. <span> </span></span></p> <p><strong><span><span>III.<span> </span></span></span></strong><strong>Benefits</strong></p> <p>Updated and more comprehensive AWC coverage will be the primary regulatory or fish habitat benefit of this project toward sustaining salmon habitat. Enhanced communication and partnerships with tribal communities will be established through interviews to gather LTK. Based on summer AFFI sampling since 2016, sampling at least 80 headwater target streams and 12 un-wadeable target streams, this project will add many (likely >300) previously unlisted kilometers of salmon habitat among several distinct streams to the AWC. Only anadromous fish habitat listed in the AWC receives protection under the Anadromous Fish Act and various other policies that provide additional protections to specified anadromous fish habitat. Also, providing more complete (e.g., seasonal) and accessible fish community and habitat information will benefit ADF&G, as well as help other federal, state, and local resource agencies better implement their respective fish habitat management, protection, and research missions.<span> </span>Better protection and management of salmon habitat will benefit salmon fisheries and the communities they sustain by safeguarding critical salmon habitat thereby ensuring the long-term productivity of habitats and salmon populations.</p>
Fig. 2 in Local Ecological Knowledge on the Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara (Teleostei: Serranidae) in Southern Brazil
Fig. 2. Babitonga bay and São Francisco do Sul Island, Southern Brazil (Santa Catarina state).
Combining local ecological knowledge with camera traps to assess the link between African mammal life history traits and their occurrence in anthropogenic landscapes
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Fisher’s local ecological knowledge reveals valuable information about the impact of environmental changes on coastal fishing resources
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Data from: Using local ecological knowledge to monitor threatened Mekong megafauna in Lao PDR
Pressures on freshwater biodiversity in Southeast Asia are accelerating yet the status and conservation needs of many of the region's threatened fish species are unclear. This impacts the ability to implement conservation activities and to understand the effects of infrastructure developments and other hydrological changes. We used Local Ecological Knowledge from fishing communities on the Mekong River in the Siphandone waterscape, Lao PDR to estimate mean and mode last capture dates of eight rare or culturally significant fish species in order to provide conservation monitoring baselines. One hundred and twenty fishermen, from six villages, were interviewed. All eight species had been captured, by at least one of the interviewees, within the waterscape within the past year. However the mean and mode last capture dates varied between the species. Larger species, and those with higher Red List threat status, were caught less recently than smaller species of less conservation concern. The status of the Critically Endangered Pangasius sanitwongsei (mean last capture date 116.4 months) is particularly worrying suggesting severe population decline although cultural issues may have caused this species to have been under-reported. This highlights that studies making use of Local Ecological Knowledge need to understand the cultural background and context from which data is collected. Nevertheless we recommend our approach, of stratified random interviews to establish mean last capture dates, may be an effective methodology for monitoring freshwater fish species of conservation concern within artisanal fisheries. If fishing effort remains relatively constant, or if changes in fishing effort are accounted for, differences over time in mean last capture dates are likely to represent changes in the status of species. We plan to repeat our interview surveys within the waterscape as part of a long-term fish-monitoring program.
Local ecological knowledge provides novel evidence on threats and declines for the Caucasian grouse (Lyrurus mlokosiewiczi) in Arasbaran Biosphere Reserve, Iran
<ol> <li>The Caucasian grouse (<em>Lyrurus</em> <em>mlokosiewiczi</em>), one of the most poorly known species of grouse, is experiencing population declines associated with multiple threats. Evaluating species’ population status in relation to different local human activities is important to inform conservation and identify suitable management methods, but determining status and threats for poorly-known taxa may require assessment of non-standard sources of ecological information.</li> </ol>
Data from: Oceanographic currents and local ecological knowledge indicate, and genetics does not refute, a contemporary pattern of larval dispersal for the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus in the South-East Asian archipelago
Here we utilize a combination of genetic data, oceanographic data, and local ecological knowledge to assess connectivity patterns of the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus (Fabricius, 1798) in the South-East Asian archipelago from Vietnam to Australia. Partial mitochondrial DNA control region and 10 polymorphic microsatellites did not detect genetic structure of 216 wild P. ornatus samples from Australia, Indonesia and Vietnam. Analyses show no evidence for genetic differentiation among populations (mtDNA control region sequences ΦST = -0.008; microsatellite loci FST = 0.003). A lack of evidence for regional or localized mtDNA haplotype clusters, or geographic clusters of microsatellite genotypes, reveals a pattern of high gene flow in P. ornatus throughout the South-East Asian Archipelago. This lack of genetic structure may be due to the oceanography-driven connectivity of the pelagic lobster larvae between spawning grounds in Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and, possibly, Indonesia. The connectivity cycle necessitates three generations. The lack of genetic structure of P. ornatus population in the South-East Asian archipelago has important implications for the sustainable management of this lobster in that the species within the region needs to be managed as one genetic stock.
Local ecological knowledge of fisheries charts decline of sharks in data-poor regions
<p>Scientific knowledge is lacking on marine species of economic and conservation importance, hindering their sustainable management. Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) has the potential to provide valuable insights on large (spatial and temporal) scales, by drawing on the collective experiences of those who work closely with the taxa of interest. This study explored the status of shark population over time in four countries across eastern and southern Arabia (i.e. Kuwait, Bahrain, Oman and Yemen). Results indicate strong declines, with highly experienced fishermen reporting greater perceived declines (80%) in the abundance of sharks (in general), with mean year of perceived decline starting in the late 1990s to early 2000s. For three specific taxa investigated, hammerhead sharks (e.g. Sphyrna mokarran) had the greatest mean perceived decline (80%), while even the group with the least decline (small carcharhinids) had mean perceived declines of 50%. Management measures are urgently required in the region to ensure sustainability of historic shark fisheries that provide food security and coastal livelihoods (e.g. Yemen and Oman), and to prevent regional extinctions (e.g. hammerhead sharks). Older and more experienced fishermen who are both; witness to the greatest declines and may have local standing and influence could be valuable resources in developing more community-based sustainable fisheries, especially given the apparent lack of success of formal management measures.</p>
Local ecological knowledge of fisheries charts decline of sharks in data-poor regions
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Data from: Shifting baselines on a tropical forest frontier: extirpations drive declines in local ecological knowledge
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Data from: Using local ecological knowledge to monitor threatened Mekong megafauna in Lao PDR
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Data from: Oceanographic currents and local ecological knowledge indicate, and genetics does not refute, a contemporary pattern of larval dispersal for the ornate spiny lobster, Panulirus ornatus in the South-East Asian archipelago
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Using local ecological knowledge as evidence to guide management: A community-led harvest calculator for muskoxen in Greenland
<p>Indigenous peoples manage or have tenure rights on over a quarter of the world's land surface. While there is growing interest in "evidence-based" natural resource management, there are few documented experiences with "evidence-based" practice in community-managed lands. We explore the evidence required for decisions about harvesting of a community-managed muskox herd in Greenland, and the collaboration needed to acquire this evidence. We present the development, application and outcome of a user-friendly demographic model - a harvest calculator - and we show how Local Ecological Knowledge was used throughout the process and combined with scientific knowledge. The community members identified suitable harvest scenarios with the use of the calculator. The calculator's predictions corresponded with their own perceptions of declining numbers of muskox bulls and suggested that reversal was possible under an alternative harvest scenario. As a result, the community members used the findings to request a revised muskox harvest quota, which gained immediate approval by the government. We draw on our experience to propose where community-led harvest calculators can be useful. Community-led harvest calculators can help Indigenous and local communities develop economically within environmentally sustainable limits, while at the same time providing community members a 'voice' in natural resource governance. An effective local management regime will require the sustained application of this tool.</p>
Congruence of local ecological knowledge (LEK)-based methods and line-transect surveys in estimating wildlife abundance in Amazonian forests
<p>1) Effective estimation of wildlife population abundance is an important component of population monitoring, and ultimately essential for the development of conservation actions. Diurnal line transect surveys are one of the most applied methods for abundance estimations. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) is empirically acquired through the observation of ecological processes by local people. LEK-based methods have only been recognized as valid scientific methods for surveying fauna abundance in the last three decades. However, the agreement between both methods has not been extensively analysed.</p> <p>2) We compared concomitant abundance data for 91 wild species (mammals, birds and tortoises) from diurnal line transects (9,221 km of trails) and a LEK-based method (291 structured interviews) at 18 sites in Central and Western Amazonia. We used biological and socioecological factors to assess the agreements and divergences between abundance indices obtained from both methods.</p> <p>3) We found a significant agreement of population abundance indices for diurnal and game species. This relationship was also positive regardless of species sociality (solitary or social), body size and locomotion mode (terrestrial and arboreal); and of sampled forest type (upland and flooded forests). Conversely, we did not find significant abundance covariances for nocturnal and non-game species. Despite the general agreement between methods, line transects were not effective at surveying many species occurring in the area, with 40.2% and 39.8% of all species being rarely and never detected in at least one of the survey sites. On the other hand, these species were widely reported by local informants to occur at intermediate to high abundances.</p> <p>4) Although LEK-based methods have been long neglected by ecologists, our comparative study demonstrated their effectiveness for estimating vertebrate abundance of a wide diversity of taxa and forest environments. This can be used simultaneously with line transects surveys to calibrate abundance estimates and record species that are rarely sighted during surveys on foot, but that are often observed by local people during their daily extractive activities. Thus, the combination of local and scientific knowledge is a potential tool to improve our knowledge of tropical forest species and foster the development of effective strategies to meet biodiversity conservation goals. --</p>
Data from: Using local ecological knowledge to build mutualistic networks in hyper-diverse and logistically challenging ecosystems
<p>1. Collecting interaction data to build frugivory or seed dispersal networks is logistically challenging in ecosystems that have very high plant and animal diversity and/or where fieldwork is difficult or dangerous. Consequently, the majority of available networks are from ecosystems with low species diversity or they represent a sub-set of the community. </p> <p>2. Here, we propose an approach using local ecological knowledge (LEK) of indigenous communities to build interaction databases and weighted networks that would otherwise be difficult to achieve with direct observations. Indigenous communities live and work in many hyper-diverse ecosystems and the people within these communities often have detailed knowledge of ecological processes. </p> <p>3. Working in a Sundaland biodiversity hotspot – Royal Belum State Park, Peninsular Malaysia – we used field data, visually-oriented interviews with indigenous people (Orang Asli, in the Jahai and Temiar ethnic subgroups), and published records to collate interactions, and their frequency of occurrence of animal fruit consumption and seed dispersal. </p> <p>4. We documented 2060 fruit consumption and 1330 seed dispersal interactions among 164 plant species and 34 animal taxa, the latter representing groups of closely related species or individual species. The majority of the interactions (97%) were identified by the LEK interviews, with the additional methods (field data and published records) used to support and marginally expand the interview data. The metrics for the networks we built reflect those of networks structured by biological mechanisms, supporting the validity of our novel method. </p> <p>5. Local ecological knowledge is highly relevant for building detailed databases for mutualistic interactions in hyper-diverse and/or challenging ecosystems. Such ecosystems are among the most vulnerable on earth, harbouring ecological interactions that are often poorly documented at a community-level. We show how LEK can broaden our knowledge of such sensitive ecosystems, but our approach is useful for any ecosystem where people retain rich local ecological knowledge.</p>
Fig. 1 in Local ecological and taxonomic knowledge of snapper fish (Teleostei: Actinopterygii) held by fishermen in Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil
Fig. 1. Map of Bahia State, Brazil, indicating the location of the fishing colonies Z19 and Z34, continental shelf and the municipality of Ilhéus.
Fig. 1. Epinephelus itajara, 328 in Local Ecological Knowledge on the Goliath Grouper Epinephelus itajara (Teleostei: Serranidae) in Southern Brazil
Fig. 1. Epinephelus itajara, 328 kg, caught in Rio de Janeiro (06/12/1997) by Gilberto Bombieri (Brazilian record of spearfishing). Image gently provided by the CBCS (Confederação Brasileira de Caça Submarina).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.