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Figure 5 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 5 - Holotype of Lophoturus boondallus sp. n. A The second left leg showing a penis (p), seven leg segments (co coxa, pf pre-femur, f femur, pof: post-femur, ti tibia, T1 tarsus 1, T2 tarsus 2 and a spine), a claw and its chaetotaxy (setae on the leg segments) B a pubescent oval seta C a spine on tarsus 2 D A simple claw structure with two latero-dorsal denticles (ldd), claw (c), a basal denticle (bd) and small denticle (smd) E The ornamental trichome sockets, located dorsally on the caudal bundle structure, with six trichomes a, one trichome b and two trichomes c (c1 and c3).

Figure 4 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 4 - Antennal articles of the holotype Lophoturus boondallus sp. n. A Antenna with eight articles and the arrangement of sensilla on the 6th and 7th articles; articles 7th and 8th were equal in length; the arrangement of sensilla on the 6th and 7th antennal articles B Sensilla on the 7th antennal article; a conical sensillum (c), a long thick sensillum located posteriorly (Tp) and a short thick sensillum located anteriorly (Ta) with a setiform sensillum (s) located between these sensilla C Sensilla on the 6th antennal article; a conical sensillum (c), a medium length thick sensillum (Tp), a long thick sensillum (Ti) and the short thick sensillum (Ta).

Figure 2 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 2 - Three Lophoturus species were found in state of Queensland, Australia. A L. queenslandicus Verhoeff, 1924 B L. boondallus sp. n. and C L. molloyensis sp. n. These Lophoturus species showed differences in body lengths and colour.

Figure 12 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 12 - The molecular phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood method. A A consensus tree of sequences from 18S marker generated by the bootstrap test (1000 replications and the support values >50% shown on the nodes) yielded a strongly supported phylogenetic tree B The maximum likelihood test of sequences from COI marker provided the molecular phylogenetic tree of evolutionary history between each species. Again, this tree supported all Lophoturus species in the same clade as in the result of 18S.

Figure 10 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 10 - Holotype of Lophoturus molloyensis sp. n. A The second right leg with a penis (p), seven leg segments (c coxa, pf pre-femur, f femur, pof post-femur, ti tibia, T1 tarsus 1, T2 tarsus 2 and a spine), a claw and its chaetotaxy (setae on the leg segments) B A pubescent oval seta C A spine on tarsus 2 D A simple claw structure showing two latero-dorsal denticles (ldd), claw (c), a basal denticle (bd) and a small denticle (smd) E The ornamental trichome sockets, which located dorsally above the caudal bundle structure, with six trichomes a, one trichome b and two trichomes c (c1 and c3).

Figure 11 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 11 - SEM images of Lophoturus molloyensis sp. n. A A dorsal view of whole body showing the body trichome arrangements and the caudal bundle B A ventral view of whole body showing 13 pairs of legs C A head capsule displaying two posterior vertex trichome groups (pv), a collum (col) and tergite 2 (T2) D The trichobothria: a, b and c, showing different sizes in trichobothrium sockets E Antennal articles 6 and 7 with their sensilla (Ta: thick sensillum located anteriorly, Ti: intermediate thick sensillum, Tp: posterior thick sensillum, setiform sensillum (s) and a conical sensillum (c) F Mouth parts with setose labrum (l) with typical two linguiform processes (lp) and the gnathochilarium (g).

Figure 1 from: Huynh C, Veenstra AA (2018) Two new Lophoturus species (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) from Queensland, Australia. In: Stoev P, Edgecombe GD (Eds) Proceedings of the 17th International Congress of Myriapodology, Krabi, Thailand. ZooKeys 741: 133-154. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.741.21814

Figure 1 - Map of state of Queensland with a map of Australia, indicating type localities of Lophoturus queenslandicus Verhoeff, 1924 (⚪) and other two new Lophoturus species: L. boondallus sp. n. found in Boondall (★), Brisbane and L. molloyensis sp. n found in Mount Molloy (⬛), Cairns region, Queensland, Australia. (Not in scale)

Figure 6 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 6 - Ivan H. Tuf and Daria Kuznetsova collecting invertebrates including Lophoproctus coecus from sieved soil and litter, Utrish Nature Reserve, Krasnodar province, Russia.

Figure 5 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 5 - Map indicating geographic distribution of Lophoproctus species. Legend: red star = Lophoproctus coecus; yellow circle = Lophoproctus lucidus; white star = Lophoproctus coecus/Lophoproctus lucidus? (many in similar localities as Lophoproctus coecus and hence hidden); aqua triangle = Lophoproctus jeanneli; purple square = Lophoproctus pagesi; purple hexagon = Lophoproctus cf. pagesi; white circle = Lophoproctus sp. indet. Map created using SimpleMappr, http://www.simplemappr.net, (Shorthouse 2010).

Figure 4 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 4 - Lophoproctus coecus (Pocock, 1888) Krasnodar Province, Russia. A Lateral view showing antenna B Dorso-lateral view showing tergal trichomes. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 3 - Lophoproctus coecus (Pocock, 1888), Krasnodar Province, Russia. Illustration of diagnostic features. A labrum showing triangular median linguiform process B typical setae on coxa C right antenna showing articles VI–VIII with sensilla D right antennal article VI showing arrangement of sensilla E tarsus 2 and telotarsus. Scale bars: 10 µm (A, B); 50 µm (C); 20 µm (D, E).

Figure 2 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 2 - Typical pattern of basiconic sensilla on the right 6th antennal article. A Lophoproctus coecus B Lophoproctus lucidus. The coeloconic sensilla are not visible due to angle of view. Scale bar: 20 µm (A, B).

Figure 1 from: Short M (2015) New records of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 (Diplopoda, Polyxenida, Lophoproctidae) extend the range of the genus Lophoproctus. In: Tuf IH, Tajovský K (Eds) Proceedings of the 16th International Congress of Myriapodology, Olomouc, Czech Republic. ZooKeys 510: 209-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.510.8668

Figure 1 - Habitus drawing of Lophoproctus coecus Pocock, 1894 showing typical morphology of the family Lophoproctidae.

FIGURE 22 in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 22. Molecular phylogenetic tree analysis by maximum likelihood method based on A. 18S and B. COI gene of Alloproctoides consonensis, Monographis condorensis, Unixenus moniqueae with other penicillate millipedes from the GenBank. Numbers above branches represent bootstrap values (>50).

FIGURE 20. A. Unixenus moniqueae n in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 20. A. Unixenus moniqueae n. sp., Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of antennomeres VI, VII and VIII with 4 sensory cones (sc); B. Arrangement of sensilla on the antennomeres VI and VII from the holotype. (c: conical sensillum, T: thick sensillum (a: anterior, i: intermediate, p: posterior), s: setiform sensillum)

FIGURE 21. A. Holotype Unixenus moniqueae n in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 21. A. Holotype Unixenus moniqueae n. sp., 2nd leg showing seven leg articles (co: coxa, pf: pre-femur, fe: femur, pof: post-femur, tib: tibia, T1: tarsus 1, T2: tarsus 2, c: claw) and sex organ—penis (P); B. Biarticulated seta with a ridged funicle present on the coxa, pre-femur, the distal edge of femur and the posterior edge of the last sternite; C. Similar smaller version of this seta is present in the middle of the femur; D. Seta on tibia; E. Setiform seta on tarsus 2; F. Telotarsus—claw structures, a ventral view (SEM image) from a specimen and drawing of the telotarsus from the holotype (lateral view), p: posterior lateral process, a: anterior lateral process, c: claw, l: lamella process and s: anterior setiform process.

FIGURE 18. Holotype Unixenus moniqueae n in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 18. Holotype Unixenus moniqueae n. sp., A. Head capsule with 8 ommatidia on each side, the posterior vertex trichome group (pv) and 3 sockets of trichobothria (trichobothria a, b and c); B. Collum (co) and lateral protuberances (Lp) showing the arrangement of trichomes sockets; C. Tergite 2 (T2); D. Tergite 10—the last tergite (T10); E. Dorsal ornamental trichome sockets of trichome a (a), trichome b (b), trichome c (c) and the circular indentation d (d); F. Trichobothria a, b and c (right hand side) showing the sensory hairs and sockets; G. Clypeo-labrum showing the pointed spherical papillate on its surface and the structures 4 + 4 lamellae; H. Gnathochilarium: lateral palp (LP) with 13 sensilla (a sensillum number 3 missing) and medial palp (MP) with 22 sensilla.

FIGURE 5. Holotype Alloproctoides consonensis n in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 5. Holotype Alloproctoides consonensis n. sp., A. Antennomeres VI, VII and VIII with 4 reduced sensory cones (sc), showed the arrangement of sensilla on antennomeres VI and VII; B. Sensilla on antennomere VII: Two long thick bacilliform sensilla (T), Ta—shorter (anterior) and Tp (posterior), setiform sensillum (s) between them and a conical sensilla (c) located in posterior position; C. Sensilla on antennomere VI: Two long thick bacilliform sensilla (Ta and Tp), a conical sensillum (c) located in posterior position. Four short thin bacilliform sensilla (st) located on an acute angle near Ta. (Arrows indicated sensilla from B (article VII) and from C (article VI))

FIGURE 8 in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 8. SEM images of Alloproctoides consonensis n. sp., A. Male caudal bundle structure, showing the uniform trichome sockets; B. Bare caudal bundle in the female showing 2 distinctive structures: caudal trichome sockets (cts) which include barbate trichome sockets (bts) in the middle of the bundle forming a dorsal single bundle, nest trichome sockets (nts) forming 2 ventral bundles; these bundles are separated by the trichome sockets free tissue (tsft); C. Leg segments and chaetotaxy (setae on leg articles); D. Claw showing simple structures, laterodorsal denticles (ldd), basal denticle (bd) and claw (c). (ct: caudal trichome, ots: ornamental trichome sockets, pps: pleural projection sockets)

FIGURE 13 in Three new species of penicillate millipedes from the Con Dao Islands of southeast Vietnam (Diplopoda, Lophoproctidae and Polyxenidae)

FIGURE 13. SEM images of Monographis condorensis n. sp., A. Dorsal view of the head capsule, showing 8 ommatidia and trichobothria a, b and c; B. Dorsal view of the body, co: Collum, Lp: lateral protuberances and pp: pleural projection, T2: tergite 2 and T3: tergite 3; C. Clypeo-labrum showing the smooth surface and asetose (l), s: setae along anterior edges, Se: posterior setae, bse: a minute backward-pointing setae; D. Right gnathochilarium showing the lateral palp (LP) with 5 sensilla and 6 sensilla sockets, 22 sensilla on the medial palp (MP); E. Bare caudal bundle in the female showed 2 distinctive structures: caudal trichome sockets (cts) which include barbate trichome sockets (bts) in the middle of the bundle, forming a dorsal single bundle, nest trichome sockets (nts) forming 2 ventral bundles; these bundles are separated by the trichome socket-free tissue (tsft); T: telson; F. Leg articles and arrows indicate spines which are typical characters of Monographis.