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35 results for “Lymantria”
Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America
Genetic data can help elucidate the dynamics of biological invasions, which are fueled by the constant expansion of international trade. The introduction of European gypsy moth (<i>Lymantria dispar dispar</i>) into North America is a classic example of human-aided invasion that has caused tremendous damage to North American temperate forests. Recently, the even more destructive Asian gypsy moth (mainly <i>L. d. asiatica</i> and <i>L. d. japonica</i>) has been intercepted in North America, mostly transported by cargo ships. To track invasion pathways, we developed a diagnostic panel of 60 DNA loci (55 nuclear and 5 mitochondrial) to characterize worldwide genetic differentiation within <i>L. dispar</i> and its sister species <i>L. umbrosa</i>. Hierarchical analyses supported strong differentiation and recovered five geographic groups that correspond to 1) North America, 2) Europe plus North Africa and Middle East, 3) the Urals, Central Asia, and Russian Siberia, 4) continental East Asia, and 5) the Japanese islands. Interestingly, <i>L. umbrosa</i> was grouped with <i>L. d. japonica</i>, and the introduced North American population exhibits remarkable distinctiveness from contemporary European counterparts. Each geographic group, with the exception of North America, shows additional lower-level structures when analyzed individually, which provided the basis for inference of the origin of invasive specimens. Two assignment approaches consistently identified a coastal area of continental East Asia as the major source for Asian invasion during 2014–2015, with Japan being another source. By analyzing simulation and laboratory crosses, we further provided evidence for the occurrence of natural Asian-North American hybrids in the Pacific Northwest, raising concerns for introgression of Asian alleles that may accelerate range expansion of gypsy moth in North America. Our study demonstrates how genetic data contribute to bio-surveillance of invasive species with results that can inform regulatory management and reduce the frequency of trade-associated invasions.
Fig. 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Indonesian Lymantria Tussock Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) based on CO I gene sequences
Fig. 2. Pairwise sequences divergence based on K2P model versus Transition/Transversion (Ts/Tv).
Supplementary data from: Critical role of LdZIP7 in enhancing cadmium tolerance of Lymantria dispar larvae: Functional identification at both the individual and cellular levels
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Range-wide population genomics of the spongy moth, Lymantria dispar (Erebidae): Implications for biosurveillance, subspecies classification and phylogeography of a destructive moth
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Tracking invasions of a destructive defoliator, the gypsy moth (Erebidae: Lymantria dispar): population structure, origin of intercepted specimens, and Asian introgression into North America
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Data from: Genetic structure, admixture, and invasion success in a Holarctic defoliator, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
Characterizing the current population structure of potentially invasive species provides a critical context for identifying source populations and for understanding why invasions are successful. Non-native populations inevitably lose genetic diversity during initial colonization events, but subsequent admixture among independently introduced lineages may increase both genetic variation and adaptive potential. Here we characterize the population structure of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar Linnaeus), one of the world's most destructive forest pests. Native to Eurasia and recently introduced to North America, the current distribution of gypsy moth includes forests throughout the temperate region of the northern hemisphere. Analyses of microsatellite loci and mitochondrial DNA sequences for 1738 individuals identified four genetic clusters within L. dispar. Three of these clusters correspond to the three named subspecies; North American populations represent a distinct fourth cluster, presumably a consequence of the population bottleneck and allele frequency change that accompanied introduction. We find no evidence that admixture has been an important catalyst of the successful invasion and range expansion in North America. However, we do find evidence of ongoing hybridization between subspecies and increased genetic variation in gypsy moth populations from Eastern Asia, populations that now pose a threat of further human-mediated introductions. Finally, we show that current patterns of variation can be explained in terms of climate and habitat changes during the Pleistocene, a time when temperate forests expanded and contracted. Deeply diverged matrilines in Europe imply that gypsy moths have been there for a long time and are not recent arrivals from Asia.
Data from: Variation in growth and developmental responses to supraoptimal temperatures near latitudinal range limits of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.), an expanding invasive species
Variation in thermal performance within and between populations provides the potential for adaptive responses to increasing temperatures associated with climate change. Organisms experiencing temperatures above their optimum on a thermal performance curve exhibit rapid declines in function and these supraoptimal temperatures can be a critical physiological component of range limits. The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is one of the best-documented biological invasions and factors driving its spatial spread are of significant ecological and economic interest. The present study examines gypsy moth sourced from different latitudes across its North American range for sensitivity to high temperature in constant temperature growth chamber experiments. Supraoptimal temperatures result in higher mortality in northern populations compared with populations from the southern range extent (West Virginia and coastal plain of Virginia, U.S.A.). Sublethal effects of high temperature on traits associated with fitness, such as smaller pupal mass, are apparent in northern and West Virginia populations. Overall, the results indicate that populations near the southern limits of the range are less sensitive to high temperatures than northern populations from the established range. However, southern populations are lower performing overall, based on pupal mass and development time, relative to northern populations. This suggests that there may be a trade-off associated with decreased heat sensitivity in gypsy moth. Understanding how species adapt to thermal limits and possible fitness trade-offs of heat tolerance represents an important step toward predicting climatically driven changes in species ranges, which is a particularly critical consideration in conservation and invasion ecology.
Gut bacterial communities of Lymantria xylina and their associations with host development and diets
<p>The gut microbiota of insects has a wide range of effects on host nutrition, physiology, and behavior. The structure of gut microbiota may also be shaped by their environment, causing them to adjust to their hosts; thus, the objective of this study was to examine variations in the morphological traits and gut microbiota of <em>Lymantria xylina</em> in response to natural and artificial diets using high-throughput sequencing. Regarding morphology, the head widths for larvae fed on a sterilized artificial diet were smaller than for larvae fed on a non-sterilized host-plant diet in the early instars. The gut microbiota diversity of <em>L. xylina</em> fed on different diets varied significantly, but did not change during different development periods. This seemed to indicate that vertical inheritance occurred in <em>L. xylina</em> mutualistic symbionts. <em>Acinetobacter</em> and <em>Enterococcus</em> were dominant in/on eggs. In the first instar larvae, <em>Acinetobacter</em> accounted for 33.52% of the sterilized artificial diet treatment, while <em>Enterococcus </em>(67.88%) was the predominant bacteria for the non-sterilized host-plant diet treatment. Gut microbe structures were adapted to both diets through vertical inheritance and self-regulation. This study clarified the impacts of microbial symbiosis on <em>L. xylina</em> and might provide new possibilities for improving the control of these bacteria.</p>
Data from: Assessing the potential of genotyping-by-sequencing-derived single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify the geographic origins of intercepted gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) specimens: a proof-of-concept study
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Data from: Variation in growth and developmental responses to supraoptimal temperatures near latitudinal range limits of gypsy moth Lymantria dispar (L.), an expanding invasive species
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A spatially explicit model to simulate the population dynamics of gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
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Data from: Genetic structure, admixture, and invasion success in a Holarctic defoliator, the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar, Lepidoptera: Erebidae)
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Data from: "NGS based generation of expressed sequence tags for Lymantria dispar and Lymantria monacha, two closely related lepidopteran species with different responses to parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 December 2013 to 31 January 2014
Introduction: The gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, and the nun moth, Lymantria monacha, are closely related species (Lepidoptera, Lymantriidae), co-seasonal and economically important forest pests on broadleaf and coniferous trees. In Central Europe, gypsy moth larvae are frequently parasitized by the gregarious, endoparasitic wasp Glyptapanteles liparidis (Hymenoptera, Braconidae). At oviposition, the female wasp injects between 10 and up to 100 eggs into the hemocoel of a single host larva, together with venom and calyx fluid containing polydnavirus (PDV) particles that subsequently play a critical role in suppressing the host immune response so that successful development of the parasitoid can proceed (Schopf 2007). These viruses, which are integrated in the genomic DNA of the wasp and undergo replication only in the female's ovary, rapidly enter host hemocytes, fat body, and nervous system following parasitization, and viral genes are expressed. In L. dispar larvae parasitized by G. liparidis, the host's hemocytes alter their behavior, fail to spread properly (thereby inhibiting the encapsulation response) and partly undergo programmed cell death (apoptosis), resulting in a dramatic drop in the host's total hemocyte number (Schafellner and Schläger 2009).
Data from: "NGS based generation of expressed sequence tags for Lymantria dispar and Lymantria monacha, two closely related lepidopteran species with different responses to parasitism by Glyptapanteles liparidis" in Genomic Resources Notes accepted 1 December 2013 to 31 January 2014
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Fig. 1 in Molecular phylogeny of Indonesian Lymantria Tussock Moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) based on CO I gene sequences
Fig. 1. Scatter plots of K2P model distances for transition (Ts) versus Transversion (Tv).
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