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5,978 results for “Macrophage”
Gene expression QTL mapping in stimulated iPSC-derived macrophages provides insights into common complex diseases.
<p>Many disease-associated variants are thought to be regulatory but are not present in existing catalogues of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL). We hypothesise that these variants may regulate expression in specific biological contexts, such as stimulated immune cells. Here, we used human iPSC-derived macrophages to map eQTLs across 24 cellular conditions. We found that 76% of eQTLs detected in at least one stimulated condition were also found in naive cells. The percentage of response eQTLs (reQTLs) varied widely across conditions (3.7% - 28.4%), with reQTLs specific to a single condition being rare (1.11%). Despite their relative rarity, reQTLs were overrepresented (p=0.05, Fisher's exact test) among disease-colocalizing eQTLs. We nominated an additional 21.7% of disease effector genes at GWAS loci via colocalization of reQTLs, with 38.6% of these not found in the Genotype–Tissue Expression (GTEx) catalogue. Our study highlights the diversity of genetic effects on expression and demonstrates how condition-specific regulatory variation can enhance our understanding of common disease risk alleles.</p>
FIB-SEM tomography datasets of entire single-cell human monocyte derived macrophages
<p>FIB-SEM tomography was used to determine the absolute number of internalized gold nanoparticles in GM-CSF and M-CSF human monocyte-derived macrophages at the single-cell level. All experiments were performed using a Thermo Scientific Scios 2 Dual Beam microscope (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). A selected cell was protected with a platinum (Pt) layer of 1 µm thickness (30 kV and current of 1 nA). Then, a trench of 5 µm in depth was milled on the front face and each side of the cell of interest using the ion beam at 7 nA current. Finally, the front face of the volume of interest was polished with an ion beam current of 1 nA until the beginning of the cell was visible to optimize the focus and contrast. FIB-SEM tomography of the whole cell was performed using the FEI Slice and View software (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA, version 4.1). The electron beam acceleration voltage was set to 5 kV, the current to 0.4 nA, the resolution to 1536 × 1024 pixels, and the dwell time to 30 µs. Images were acquired in immersion mode with the backscattered electron detector, yielding clear signals from AuNPs due to the detector's sensitivity to backscattered electrons, which correlates with the atomic number of Au (Z = 79). The ion beam operating with a current of 1 nA current at 30 kV was used to slice through the cell of interest at an interval of 18 nm and a depth of 5 µm. The datasets available on the repository have been aligned and cropped.</p>
FIGURE 8 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 8. Correlation between summed crown width and total body length in 17 modern Carcharodon carcharias individuals, comparing the upper versus lower dentition. (A) linear function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.93); (B) power function (upper dentition: R2 = 0.97); (C) linear function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.90); and (D) power function (lower dentition: R2 = 0.95).
FIGURE 3 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 3. Associated dentitions of Otodus megalodon in lingual view. (A) UF-VP-311000; (B) GHC 1; (C) CH-31- 46P; and (D) UF-VP-460000. Scale bars equal 5 cm.
FIGURE 4 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 4. Associated dentitions of Otodus chubutensis in lingual view. (A) USNM 411881 (adapted from Perez et al., 2019; fig. 5); (B) USNM 299832; (C) GHC 3; and (D) UF-VP-312864. Scale bars equal 5 cm.
FIGURE 1 in Body length estimation of Neogene macrophagous lamniform sharks (Carcharodon and Otodus) derived from associated fossil dentitions
FIGURE 1. Premise of summed crown width method. (A) Carcharodon carcharias dentition in lingual view, with applicable terminology. The right half is an illustration of the typical dental formula for C. carcharias. The left half is from a 5.18 m female with one less posterior tooth in the lower tooth series (originally figured in Hubbell, 1996; figure 5). Scale bar equals 5 cm. (B) The most complete known associated dentition of Otodus megalodon (CH-31-46P) in lingual view. Scale bar equals 5 cm. (C) Body length of fossil taxa is calculated under the assumption that the ratio of summed crown width to total body length (TL) is proportional in ecologically and taxonomically related species. Silhouette proportions for O. megalodon are based on Cooper et al. (2020). A/a = anterior, I = intermediate, and L/l = lateral. Uppercase letters denote upper teeth and lowercase letters denote lower teeth.
Noninvasive detection of macrophage activation with single-cell resolution through machine learning
<p>Data related to the article "Noninvasive detection of macrophage activation with<br> single-cell resolution through machine learning".</p> <p>The package contains 2 folders:<br> - RawData: This package contains raw data and examples of processing to extract the<br> variables employed to train and assess the models.<br> - Variables: This package contains the extracted data from the various experiments<br> showed in the article.</p>
Supplemental Figure 1 for Macrophage Secreted TGF-β1 Contributes to Fibroblast Activation and Ureteral Stricture Following Ablation Injury
<p>Supplemental Figure 1. TGF-β1 (brown) and Masson Trichrome (blue) staining of healthy ureteral wall adjacent to the site of IRE treatment. A-D) Sparse numbers of spindle shaped cells (fibroblasts, arrows) can be seen in healthy ureter adjacent to IRE treated ureter but their numbers were not different from what was observed in untreated control ureter. F-H) Ureteral wall adjacent to the site of IRE treatment stains positive for collagen (blue) but the levels remain invariant through different timepoints. The muscularis (asterisk) of the ureteral wall is preserved, with no evidence of scarring.</p>
ImageInLife20170922IP01_Sipka_Macrophage Recruitment to the Wound
<p>A tail of 3dpf transgenic zebrafish larvae (<em>tg(mpeg1:Gal4/UAS:Kaede</em>)) was imaged from 1h to 6h after the tail fin amputation by ANDOR CSU-W1 confocal spinning disk on an inverted NIKON microscope (Ti Eclipse) with ANDOR Neo sCMOS camera (20x air/NA 0.75 objective, mosaic imaging 6x1 with 10% overlap between windows). Laser excitation/emission wavelength: 488/521 nm. Time step is 4min (75 repeats). Z-stack is 132μm with 4μm step (33 steps). Maximum projection is shown as well. Pixel size is 0.326μm.</p> <p>Macrophages expressing green fluorescent protein Kaede in the cytoplasm are moving toward the wound made at the tail fin.</p>
Stable-isotope resolved metabolomics in macrophages
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Effect of micro- and nanoplastic particles on human macrophages
<p>This podcast describes a study investigating the effects of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) on human macrophages.</p> <p>The study, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030438942400832X">published here</a>, examines the uptake of MNPs by macrophages derived from both a cell line (THP-1) and primary human cells (peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs). The researchers used transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and live cell imaging to visualize MNP uptake. They also assessed the impact of MNP exposure on macrophage metabolic activity, cytotoxicity, polarization, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. The study highlights the concentration-dependent uptake of MNPs and their ability to induce cytotoxicity and increase nitric oxide production in macrophages. The results emphasize the importance of further research to understand the potential health risks associated with plastic pollution in humans.</p> <p>Details:<br>Effect of micro- and nanoplastic particles on human macrophages<br>Maike Y Adler , Insaf Issoual, Michael Rückert, Lisa Deloch, Carola Meier, Thomas Tschernig, Christoph Alexiou, Felix Pfister, Anja Frm Ramsperger, Christian Laforsch, Udo S Gaipl, Katharina Jüngert, Friedrich Paulsen J Hazard Mater. 2024 Jun 5:471:134</p>
Submitted data in re: Macrophage NFATC2 Mediates Angiogenic Signaling During Mycobacterial Infection
<p>Dataset accompanying "Macrophage NFATC2 Mediates Angiogenic Signaling During Mycobacterial Infection". This dataset was uploaded to Zenodo using the "zen4R" packages from CRAN in the R programming environment. Updates to the scripts in this repository will primarily be able to be found at https://github.com/jaredbrewer/image-analysis.</p>
Dynamic analysis of pathogenesis and a suppression function of TREM2-dependent macrophages in skin fibrosis
<p>Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic and incurable autoimmune disease with high mortality rates, and fibrosis is the distinguishing hallmark in the pathogenesis. Identification of the precise, time dependent composition of stromal and immune cells may provide clues for the establishment of new biomarkers and therapeutic approaches targeting SSc fibrosis. Here, the temporal dynamics of pathological process in a mouse model of skin fibrosis is investigated using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). we collected skin single cell suspensions for transcriptome profiling by scRNA-seq from four time points after BLM-treatment (day 3, 7, 14, and 28) and untreated control skin (day 0) with on average three replicate mice per time point, and repeated once at each time point.{mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day0_sample1_B1_1, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day3_sample1_B2_1, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day3_sample2_B2_2, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day7_sample1_B3_1, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day7_sample2_B3_2, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day14_sample1_B4_1, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day14_sample2_B4_2, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day28_sample1_B5_1, mouse_SSc_scRNAseq_day28_sample2_B5_2}</p>
Substrate stiffness reduces particle uptake by epithelial cells and macrophages in a size-dependent manner through mechanoregulation
<p>Cells continuously exert forces on their environment and respond to changes in mechanical forces by altering their behavior. Many pathologies such as cancer and fibrosis are hallmarked by dysregulation in the extracellular matrix, driving aberrant behavior through mechanotransduction pathways. We demonstrate that substrate stiffness can be used to regulate cellular endocytosis of particles in a size-dependent fashion. Culture of A549 epithelial cells and J774A.1 macrophages on polystyrene/glass (stiff) and polydimethylsiloxane (soft) substrates indicated that particle uptake is increased up to six times for A549 and two times for macrophages when cells are grown in softer environments. Furthermore, we altered surface characteristics through the attachment of submicron-sized particles as a method to locally engineer substrate stiffness and topography. To investigate the biomechanical changes which occurred within adherent epithelial cells, i.e. characterization of A549 cell spreading and focal adhesion maturation. Consequently, decreasing substrate rigidity and particle-based topography lead to a reduction of focal adhesion size. Moreover, expression levels of Yes-associated protein were found to correlate with the degree of particle endocytosis. A thorough appreciation of the mechanical cues may lead to improved solutions to optimize nanomedicine approaches for treatment of cancer and other diseases with abnormal mechanosignaling.</p>
Single-cell profiling identifies ACE+ granuloma macrophages as a non-permissive niche for intracellular bacteria during persistent Salmonella infection
<p>Macrophages mediate key antimicrobial responses against intracellular bacterial pathogens, such as <em>Salmonella enterica</em>. Yet, they can also act as a permissive niche for these pathogens to persist in infected tissues within granulomas, which are immunological structures comprised of macrophages and other immune cells. We apply single-cell transcriptomics to investigate macrophage functional diversity during persistent <em>Salmonella</em> <em>enterica</em> serovar Typhimurium (<em>S</em>Tm) infection in mice. We identify determinants of macrophage heterogeneity in infected spleens and describe populations of distinct phenotypes, functional programming, and spatial localization. Using a <em>S</em>Tm mutant with impaired ability to polarize macrophage phenotypes, we find that angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) defines a granuloma macrophage population that is non-permissive for intracellular bacteria and their abundance anticorrelates with tissue bacterial burden. Disruption of pathogen control by neutralizing TNF is linked to preferential depletion of ACE<sup>+</sup> macrophages in infected tissues. Thus ACE<em><sup>+</sup></em> macrophages have limited capacity to serve as cellular niche for intracellular bacteria to establish persistent infection.</p>
miR-126 promotes M1 to M2 macrophage phenotype switching via VEGFA and KLF4
<p><strong>Background. </strong>Macrophage polarization and microRNA play crucial roles in the development of atherosclerosis (AS). The M1 macrophage phenotype contributes to the formation of plaques, while the M2 macrophage phenotype resolves inflammation and promotes tissue repair. MiR-126 has been found to play a role in regulating macrophage polarization in the context of AS. However, the exact mechanism of miR-126 requires further research.</p> <p><strong>Methods.</strong> The foam cell model was established by stimulating THP-1 with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). We transfected foam cells with miR-126 mimic and its negative control. The transfection of miR-126 was implemented by riboFECT CP transfection kit. The levels of miR-126 and M1/M2 associated genes in foam cells were quantified using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Additionally, the expressions of CD86<sup>+</sup> and CD206<sup>+</sup> cells in foam cells were determined by flow cytometry. Western blotting and RT-qPCR were used to determine the protein and mRNA levels of the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) and the transcriptional regulator Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), respectively. Additionally, we detected endothelial cell migration after co-culturing endothelial cells and macrophages. MG-132 was used to indirectly activate the expression of VEGFA, and the expression of KLF4 was also evaluated.</p> <p><strong>Results. </strong>The activation of apoptosis and production of foam cells were boosted by the addition of ox-LDL. We transfected foam cells with miR-126 mimic and its negative control and observed that miR-126 greatly suppressed foam cell development and inhibited phagocytosis. Moreover, it caused pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages to switch to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. This was reflected by the increase in anti-inflammatory gene expression and the decrease in pro-inflammatory gene expression. Additionally, miR-126 dramatically decreased the expressions of VEGFA and KLF4. The protein-protein interaction network analysis showed a significantly high correlation between miR-126, VEGFA, and KLF4. MiR-126 may also promote EC migration by activating macrophage PPAR γ expression and effectively suppressing macrophage inflammation. MG-132 indirectly activated the expression of VEGFA, and the expression of KLF4 also significantly increased, which indicates a direct or indirect relationship between VEGFA and KLF4.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion.</strong> Our study shows that miR-126 can reverse ox-LDL-mediated phagocytosis and apoptosis in macrophages. Consequently, the potential role of miR-126 was manifested in regulating macrophage function and promoting vascular endothelial migration.</p>
Morphological changes of zebrafish macrophages during wound healing
<p>Tg(mpeg1:gal4/UAS:Kaede) larvae with mosaic expression of Kaede protein in macrophages were amputated at 3 dpf and imaged using high resolution Spinning Disk microscopy between 8 to 13 h,every 2.5 min (C) Quantification of perimeter (upper graph) and circularity value (lower graph) for individual macrophages present at the wound, during a time lapse sequence from 8 hpA to 13 hpA every 2.5 min. For quantification, we used automated image analysis, the image segmentation was carried out from 8 to 13 hpA. At first, the images were filtered by using space-time filtering that keeps the temporal coherence of moving macrophages (Sarti et al., 1999). Then, the filtered images were segmented by a combination of the local Otsu method (Otsu, 1979; Saddami et al., 2019) and (Park et al., unpublished) and the subjective surface segmentation (SUBSURF) method (Sarti et al., 2000) where the binarized images from the local Otsu method were considered as an initial condition of the SUBSURF equation (Park et al., 2023). Trajectories of macrophages in segmented images were reconstructed based on automatic cell tracking (Park et al., 2023), and shape descriptors (perimeter and circularity) were measured. Refernces: Sipka T, Park SA, Ozbilgic R, Balas L, Durand T, Mikula K, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M. (2022). Macrophages undergo a behavioural switch during wound healing in zebrafish. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 192:200–212.<br> doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.021 and Park SA, Sipka T, Kriva Z, Lutfalla G, Nguyen-Chi M, Mikula K. (2023). Segmentation-based tracking of macrophages in 2D+time microscopy movies inside a living animal. Computers in Biology and Medicine 153, 106499. doi: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106499</p>
Dynamics of macrophage polarization in Salmonella infection: row data
<p>Experimental metadata of the manuscript " <strong>Dynamics of macrophage polarization support <em>Salmonella</em> persistence in a whole living organism</strong> " by Leiba et al.</p>
DATASET: Replication-competent HIV-1 in human alveolar macrophages and monocytes despite nucleotide pools with elevated dUTP
<p>Complete data set to support content of the study: Cui, et al (2022) <strong>Replication-competent HIV-1 in human alveolar macrophages and monocytes despite nucleotide pools with elevated dUTP</strong></p>
Cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- deficiency impairs macrophage glutathione metabolism and cytokine production.
<p>Raw Data for Publication "Cystine/glutamate antiporter system Xc- deficiency impairs macrophage glutathione metabolism and cytokine production."</p>
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