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110 results for “Male Fitness”
Does perception of female cues modulate male short-term fitness components in Drosophila melanogaster?
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Recovery from heat-induced infertility: A study of reproductive tissue responses and fitness consequences in male Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Indirect fitness benefits can reinforce the direct fitness benefits of male mate choice
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Data from: Floral function: effects of traits on pollinators, male and female pollination success, and female fitness across three species of milkweeds (Asclepias)
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Data from: Animal personalities influence male mating behavior and reproductive fitness
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Sexually concordant selection on floral traits despite greater opportunity for selection through male fitness
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Data from: Interacting phenotypic plasticities: Do male and female responses to the sociosexual environment interact to determine fitness?
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Correlates of early reproduction and apparent fitness consequences in male Soay sheep
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Fitness implications of nonlethal injuries in scorpions: females, but not males pay reproductive costs
<p>The ability to detach a body part in response to a predation attempt is known as autotomy, and it is perhaps the most intensively studied form of nonlethal injury in animals. Although autotomy enhances survival, it may impose reproductive costs to both males and females. We experimentally investigated how autotomy affects the reproductive success of males and females of a scorpion species. Individuals of Ananteris balzani autotomize the last abdominal segments ("tail"), losing the anus and leading to lifelong constipation since regeneration does not occur. Although male "tail" is used during courtship and sperm transfer, autotomy had no effect on male mating success. The combined effect of increased mortality and reduced fecundity resulted in autotomized females producing nearly 35% less offspring than intact females. In conclusion, the negative effects of "tail" autotomy are clearly sex-dependent, probably because the factors that influence reproductive success in males and females are markedly different.</p>
Data from: Male-limited secondary sexual trait interacts with environment in determining female fitness
Selection for secondary sexual traits (SSTs) elaboration may increase intralocus sexual conflict over the optimal values of traits expressed from shared genomes. This conflict can reduce female fitness, and the resulting gender load can be exacerbated by environmental stress, with consequences for a population's ability to adapt to novel environments. However, how the evolution of SSTs interacts with environment in determining female fitness is not well understood. Here, we investigated this question using replicate lines of bulb mites selected for increased or decreased prevalence of a male SST—thickened legs used as weapons. The fitness of females from these lines was measured at a temperature to which the mites were adapted (24°C), as well as at two novel temperatures: 18°C and 28°C. We found the prevalence of the SST interacted with temperature in determining female fecundity. At 28°C, females from populations with high SST prevalence were less fecund than females from populations in which the SST was rare, but the reverse was true at 18°C. Thus, a novel environment does not universally depress female fitness more in populations with a high degree of sexually selected dimorphism. We discuss possible consequences of the interaction we detected for adaptation to novel environments.
Data from: The modulating role of group stability on fitness effects of group size is different in females and males of a communally rearing rodent
Group size may influence fitness benefits and costs that emerge from cooperative and competitive interactions in social species. However, evidence from plural breeding mammals indicates that group size is insufficient to explain variation in direct fitness, implying other attributes of social groups were overlooked. We studied the natural population of a social rodent during 5 years to test the hypothesis that social stability – in terms of group composition – modulates the effects of increasing number of breeding females (a proxy of communal rearing) and males on the number of offspring weaned (sired) and on the number of offspring weaned (sired) surviving to breeding age (two proxies of direct fitness). We quantified the effects of social stability (measured as changes in female or male group members between mating and the onset of lactation) on these fitness measures. We used live trapping, telemetry and DNA markers to determine social and fitness measures. Social stability in degus was variable in terms of the number of changes in group composition across groups. Low stability was mostly due to mortality and emigration of group members. Results supported a modulating role of social stability on the relationship between group size and the number of offspring weaned (sired). Stability in female and male group composition were both modulators of fitness to females and males. The modulatory role of stability was sex specific, where high social stability was often fitness beneficial to the females. Instead, low social stability was fitness enhancing to the males.
Data from: Inclusive fitness benefits mitigate costs of cuckoldry to socially paired males
Background: In socially monogamous species, reproduction is not always confined to paired males and females. Extra-pair males commonly also reproduce with paired females, which is traditionally thought to be costly to the females' social partners. However, we suggest that when the relatedness between reproducing individuals is considered, cuckolded males can suffer lower fitness losses than otherwise expected, especially when the rate of cuckoldry is high. We combine theoretical modeling with a detailed genetic study on a socially monogamous wild fish, Variabilichromis moorii, which displays biparental care despite exceptionally high rates of extra-pair paternity. Results: We measured the relatedness between all parties involved in V. moorii spawning events (i.e. between males and females in social pairs, females and their extra-pair partners, and paired males and their cuckolders), and we reveal that males are on average more related to their cuckolders than expected by chance. Queller–Goodnight estimates of relatedness between males and their cuckolders are on average r = 0.038 but can range up to r = 0.64. This also increases the relatedness between males and the extra-pair offspring under their care. These intriguing results are consistent with the predictions of our mathematical model, which shows that elevated relatedness between paired males and their cuckolders can be adaptive for both parties when competition for fertilizations is strong. Conclusions: Our results show how cuckoldry by relatives can offset males' direct fitness losses with inclusive fitness gains, which can be substantial in systems where males face almost certain paternity losses.
Fig. 3 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 3. Effect of female and male density on female post-mating fecundity and the egg hatching rate. A–B) Female fecundity, C–D) Egg hatching rate. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
Fig. 2 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 2. Effect of female and male density on the female post-mating duration of the egg-laying period and longevity. A–B) Female longevity, C–D) Duration of egg laying. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-quartile range.
Fig. 1 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 1. Effect of female and male density on time from pairing to successful mating and mating duration of Plagiodera versicolora. A–B) Time from pairing to successful mating, C–D) Mating duration. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 30–41). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
Fig. 4 in Effects of Female and Male Density on their Mating Performance and Female Post-Mating Reproductive Fitness in Plagiodera versicolora (Laicharting) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Fig. 4. Effect of female and male density on the female post-mating number of egg clutches and the number of eggs per clutch. A–B) Number of egg clutches, C–D) Number of eggs per clutch. Different letters indicate significant differences from each other at P <0.05 (n = 29–40). The top and bottom of each box represent the upper and lower Quartiles, respectively; the horizontal line represents the median; the vertical lines extend to the minimum and maximum values within 1.5 times the inter-Quartile range.
The Age-related Changes of Energy Metabolism in Physically Fit Adult Males
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05113914. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Impact of Aerobic Training on Sleep Quality and Aerobic Fitness in Male Patients With Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04337671. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
The Relationship Between Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Young Male Basketball Players
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05928559. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Data from: Bi-parental versus cooperative breeding in a passerine: fitness-maximizing strategies of males in response to risk of extra-pair paternity?
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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