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170 results for “Male fertility”
How female × male and male × male interactions influence competitive fertilization in Drosophila melanogaster
How males and females contribute to joint reproductive success has been a long-standing question in sexual selection. Under postcopulatory sexual selection (PSS), paternity success is predicted to derive from complex interactions among females engaging in cryptic female choice and males engaging in sperm competition. Such interactions have been identified as potential sources of genetic variation in sexually selected traits but are also expected to inhibit trait diversification. To date, studies of interactions between females and competing males have focused almost exclusively on genotypes and not phenotypic variation in sexually selected traits. Here, we characterize within- and between-sex interactions in Drosophila melanogaster using isogenic lines with heritable variation in both male and female traits known to influence competitive fertilization. We confirmed, and expanded on, previously reported genotypic interactions within and between the sexes, and showed that several reproductive events, including sperm transfer, female sperm ejection and sperm storage, were explained by two- and three-way interactions among sex-specific phenotypes. We also documented complex interactions between the lengths of competing males' sperm and the female seminal receptacle, which are known to have experienced rapid female-male co-diversification. Our results highlight the non-independence of sperm competition and cryptic female choice and demonstrate that complex interactions between the sexes do not limit the ability of multivariate systems to respond to directional sexual selection.
Positive genetic covariance between male sexual ornamentation and fertilizing capacity
<p>Postcopulatory sexual selection results from variation in competitive fertilization success among males, and comprises powerful evolutionary forces that operate after the onset of mating [1, 2]. Theoretical advances in the field of sexual selection addressing the build-up and co-evolutionary consequences of genetic coupling [3-5], motivate the hypothesis that indirect postcopulatory sexual selection may promote evolution of male secondary sexual traits—those traits traditionally ascribed to mate choice and male fighting [6, 7]. A crucial prediction of this hypothesis is genetic covariance between trait expression and competitive fertilization success, which has been predicted to arise, for example, when traits subject to pre- and postcopulatory sexual selection are under positive correlational selection [8]. We imposed bidirectional artificial selection on male ornament (sex comb) size in <i>Drosophila bipectinata</i>, and demonstrate increased competitive fertilization success as a correlated evolutionary response to increasing ornament size. Transcriptional analyses revealed that levels of specific seminal fluid proteins repeatedly shifted in response to this selection, suggesting that properties of the ejaculate rather than the enlarged sex comb itself contributed fertilizing capacity. We used ultraprecise laser surgery to reduce ornament size of high line males, and found that their fertilizing superiority persisted despite the size reduction, reinforcing the transcriptional results. The data support the existence of positive genetic covariance between a male secondary sexual trait and competitive fertilization success, and suggest the possibility that indirect postcopulatory sexual selection may under certain conditions magnify net selection on ornamental trait expression. </p>
The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hybrid wheat varieties give higher yields than conventional lines but are difficult to produce due to a lack of effective control of male fertility in breeding lines. One promising system involves the <i>Rf1</i> and <i>Rf3</i> genes that restore fertility of wheat plants carrying <i>Triticum timopheevii</i>-type cytoplasmic male sterility (T-CMS). By genetic mapping and comparative sequence analyses we identified <i>Rf1</i> and <i>Rf3</i> candidates that could restore normal pollen production in transgenic wheat plants carrying T-CMS. We show that Rf1 and Rf3 bind to the mitochondrial <i>orf279</i> transcript and induce cleavage, preventing expression of the CMS trait. The identification of restorer genes in wheat is an important step towards the development of hybrid wheat varieties based on a CMS-<i>Rf</i> system. The characterisation of their mode of action brings new insights into the molecular basis of CMS and fertility restoration in plants.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <br> This dataset includes transcript count and coverage data from 2 RNA-seq experiments looking at gene expression in various male-sterile or male-fertile wheat lines examined in the course of this research.</p>
Investigating the Physiological Effects of Weight Loss on Male Fertility
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03553927. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Fertility Preservation in Male AYA With Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04268004. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Positive genetic covariance between male sexual ornamentation and fertilizing capacity
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Data from: Longer matings increase male competitive fertilization success in <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em>
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The genetic basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in wheat
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Data from: Where are all the moms? external fertilization predicts the rise of male parental care in bony fishes
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The critical impact of sub- and supra-optimal temperatures on male fertility potential of an invasive fruit fly
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How female × male and male × male interactions influence competitive fertilization in Drosophila melanogaster
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Data from: Effects of female-specific selection for reproductive investment on male fertility traits
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Female fertile phase synchrony, and male mating and reproductive skew, in the crested macaque
<p>High social status is the primary determinant of reproductive success among group-living male mammals. Primates living in multimale–multifemale groups show the greatest variation in the strength of this link, with marked variation in reproductive skew by male dominance among species, dependent on the degree of female fertile phase synchrony, and the number of competing males. Here, we present data on two groups of wild crested macaques (Macaca nigra), living in the Tangkoko Reserve, Sulawesi, Indonesia. We investigated male monopolization of fertile females in 31 cycles of 19 females, and genetic paternity of 14 offspring conceived during the study period. We show that female fertile phase synchrony was low, that females had few mating partners in their fertile phase, and that dominant males monopolized a high proportion of consortships and matings, resulting in marked and steep mating and reproductive skew. We conclude that female cycle asynchrony provides the opportunity for strong direct male–male competition in crested macaques, resulting in monopolization of females by dominant males, consistent with their marked sexual dimorphism. Our study provides a test of the underlying factors that determine the relative occurrence and strength of different mechanisms of sexual selection, and the phenotypes that evolve as a result.</p>
Data from: Architectural constraints, male fertility variation and biased floral morph ratios in tristylous populations
Tristyly is a genetic polymorphism in which populations are comprised of three floral morphs (mating types) differing reciprocally in sex-organ height. Intermorph (disassortative) mating governed by a trimorphic incompatibility system should result in 1:1:1 morph ratio at equilibrium, but both deterministic and stochastic processes can cause skewed morph ratios in tristylous populations. Here, we investigate mechanisms causing morph-ratio bias in Pontederia parviflora, an emergent aquatic native to tropical America. We compared reproductive traits among morphs and surveyed 71 populations to determine patterns of morph-ratio bias. We then used simulation models of morph-frequency dynamics to test the hypothesis that morph-specific differences in pollen production and their influence on male fertility can explain patterns of morph-ratio bias. Ninety-seven percent of populations that we sampled were tristylous, but with a significant excess of the short-styled morph and a deficiency of the long-styled morph. Atypically for a tristylous species, mid-level anthers of the short-styled morph produced over twice as much pollen compared with the corresponding anthers of the long-styled morph. Our computer models incorporating this difference in male fertility resulted in morph ratios not significantly different from the average frequencies from our survey suggesting that the short-styled morph is more successful than the long-styled morphs in siring ovules of the mid-styled morph. We propose that the difference in male fertility between morphs may be a non-adaptive consequence of a developmental constraint caused by the architecture of tristyly in Pontederiaceae.
Data from: Low fertility of wild hybrid male flycatchers despite recent divergence
Postzygotic isolation may be important for maintaining species boundaries, particularly when premating barriers are incomplete. Little is known about the course of events leading from minor environmental mismatches affecting hybrid fitness to severe genetic incompatibilities causing sterility or inviability. We investigated whether reduced reproductive success of hybrid males was caused by suboptimal sperm traits or by more severe genetic incompatibilities in a hybrid zone of pied (Ficedula hypoleuca) and collared flycatchers (F. albicollis) on the island of Öland, Sweden. About 4 per cent hybridization is observed in this population and all female hybrids are sterile. We found no sperm in the ejaculates of most sampled hybrid males, and sperm with abnormal morphology in two hybrids. Furthermore, none of the hybrids sired any offspring because of high levels of hatching failure and extra-pair paternity in their nests. These results from a natural hybrid zone suggest that the spermatogenesis of hybrid males may become disrupted despite little genetic divergence between the parental species.
Data from: Deciphering information encoded in birdsong: male songbirds with fertile mates respond most strongly to complex, low-amplitude songs used in courtship
Research on the function of acoustic signals has focused on high-amplitude, long-range song (LRS) and largely ignored low-amplitude songs produced by many species during close-proximity, conspecific interactions. Low-amplitude songs can be structurally identical to LRS (soft LRS) or they can be widely divergent, sharing few spectral and temporal attributes with LRS (short-range song (SRS)). SRS is often more complex than LRS and is frequently sung by males during courtship. To assess function, we performed two playback experiments on males of a socially monogamous songbird. We compared responses of males whose mates were fertile or non-fertile to differences in song structure (SRS v. LRS and soft LRS), amplitude (SRS and soft LRS v. LRS), and tempo (slow v. fast SRS). Males responded more strongly to SRS than to LRS or soft LRS, indicating that song structure had a greater effect on response than song amplitude. SRS tempo did not detectably affect male response. Importantly, males responded more strongly to SRS when their mates were fertile, presumably because hearing SRS can indicate that a male's mate is being courted by an intruding male and a strong response can deter extra-pair competitors. We conclude that low-amplitude songs can function in both inter- and intra-sexual communication and should receive greater attention in future studies of mate choice and male-male competition.
Meiotic chromatin-associated HSF5 is indispensable for pachynema progression and male fertility
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>The pachynema progression, a crucial meiotic process, contributes to the completion of prophase I. Nevertheless, the regulation of this significant meiotic process remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified a novel testis-specific protein HSF5, which regulates pachynema progression during male meiosis in a chromatin-binding manner. Deficiency of HSF5 results in meiotic arrest and male infertility, characterized as unconventionally accumulated pachynema halting at the mid-to-late stage, with extensive spermatocyte apoptosis. Our scRNA-seq data confirmed consistent expressional alterations of certain driver genes(<em>Sycp1</em>, <em>Msh4</em>, <em>Meiob</em>, etc.) crucial for pachynema progression in <em>Hsf5</em><sup>-/-</sup> individuals. Ulteriorly, HSF5 was revealed to primarily bind to promoter regions of such key divers by CUT&Tag analysis. Also, our results demonstrated that HSF5 biologically interacted with the chromatin-remodeling SWI/SNF complex, and it could function as a transcriptional factor for pachynema progression during meiosis. Therefore, our study underscores the importance of the chromatin-associated HSF5 for the differentiation of spermatocytes, improving the protein regulatory network of the pachynema progression.</p> <p><strong>Instructions for this dataset</strong></p> <p>The source code required to reproduce the single-cell analysis results of the article is provided, and intermediate files in the analysis are also provided. The intermediate file is a filtered and manually annotated Seurat object that can be read directly by R. Raw reads of the single-cell data can be found at NCBI SRA repository PRJNA1098350. The two tables are the raw data of the mass spectrometry-based proteomics.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Seurat_analysis.R: </strong>R code to reproduce the single cell analysis results in the article.</li> <li><strong>scvelo_analysis.py: </strong>Python code to reproduce the single-cell RNA velocity analysis results in the article.</li> <li><strong>Whole_testis.rds, Germ_cells.rds: </strong>Seurat objects stored in rds format contain whole testis cells and sperm cells respectively.</li> </ul>
The neonicotinoid thiamethoxam impairs male fertility in solitary bees, Osmia cornuta
<p>The ongoing loss of global biodiversity is endangering ecosystem functioning and human food security. While environmental pollutants are well known to reduce fertility, the potential effects of common neonicotinoid insecticides on insect fertility remain poorly understood. Here, we show that field-realistic neonicotinoid exposure can drastically impact male insect fertility. In the laboratory, male and female solitary bees <em>Osmia cornuta</em> were exposed to four concentrations of the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam to measure survival, food consumption, and sperm traits. Despite males being exposed to higher dosages of thiamethoxam, females revealed an overall increased hazard rate for survival; suggesting sex-specific differences in toxicological sensitivity. All tested sublethal concentrations (i.e., 1.5, 4.5, and 10 ng g<sup>-1</sup>) reduced sperm quantity by 57% and viability by 42% on average, with the lowest tested concentration leading to a reduction in total living sperm by 90%. As the tested sublethal concentrations match estimates of global neonicotinoid pollution, this reveals a plausible mechanism for population declines, thereby reflecting a realistic concern. An immediate reduction in environmental pollutants is required to decelerate the ongoing loss of biodiversity.</p>
FIGURE 4. Baccharis simplex. A. Fertile shoot. B. Leaf and male capitulum. C. Male capitulum. D in Two new species of Baccharis subgen. Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae) with single-flowered female capitula from the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Baccharis simplex. A. Fertile shoot. B. Leaf and male capitulum. C. Male capitulum. D. Phyllaries of male capitulum. E. Male floret. F. Female capitulum. G. Female floret. H. Corolla and style of female floret. I. Cypsela (pappus removed). A–E: Heiden et al. 1610 (SPF). F–I: Heiden et al. 1611 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.
FIGURE 1. Baccharis obdeltata. A. Fertile shoot. B. Leaf and female capitulum. C. Male capitulum. D in Two new species of Baccharis subgen. Baccharis (Asteraceae, Astereae) with single-flowered female capitula from the Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Baccharis obdeltata. A. Fertile shoot. B. Leaf and female capitulum. C. Male capitulum. D. Phyllaries of male capitulum. E. Male floret. F. Female capitulum. G. Female floret. H. Corolla and style of female floret. I. Cypsela (pappus removed). A–B, F–I: Heiden et al. 1385 (SPF). C–E: Heiden et al. 1386 (SPF). Illustration by João Iganci.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.