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FIG. 1 in Hungry for fruit? - A case study on the ecology of middle Miocene Moschidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia)

FIG. 1. — Life reconstruction of Micromeryx Lartet, 1851 (based on male skeleton of Micromeryx? eiselei Aiglstorfer, Costeur, Mennecart & Heizmann, 2017; © SMNS).

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FIG. 27 in Mystacodon selenensis, the earliest known toothed mysticete (Cetacea, Mammalia) from the late Eocene of Peru: anatomy, phylogeny, and feeding adaptations

FIG. 27. — Mystacodon selenensis (MUSM 1917, holotype). A-C, right i2 or i3 (tooth I); D-F, left i3 or c (tooth II); G-I, right?p1 (tooth III); A, labial view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, labial view; E, lingual view; F, occlusal view; G, labial view, H, lingual view; I, occlusal view. Scale bar: 3 cm.

FIG. 8 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 8. — Scatterplot of P4 length vs P4 width in Machairodus Kaup, 1833 and Homotherium Fabrini, 1890. Data as for Figures 4 and 5, plus: Alcalà 1994; Bonis 1984; Peigné 2016; Pons-Moyá 1987; Sotnikova 1989; Turner 1987.

FIG. 10 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 10. — Scatterplot of p3 length vs m1 length. Data as for Figures 4 to 9, plus Orlov 1936; Peigné et al. 2005; Rook et al. 1991; Sotnikova et al. 2002; Sardella & Werdelin 2007.

FIG. 9 in A skull of Machairodus Kaup, 1833 (Felidae, Mammalia) from the late Miocene of Hadjidimovo (Bulgaria), and its place in the evolution of the genus

FIG. 9. — Scatterplot of lower canine length vs lower canine width in Machairodus Kaup,1833 and Homotherium Fabrini,1890. The values for Hadjidimovo are taken from the root, and may be slightly underestimated. Data as for Figures 4 to 8, plus Hemmer 2001; Lungu 1978; Morales & Soria 1979; Sotnikova & Titov 2009.

FIG. 6 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 6. — Stereo view of the right m1 BAT-5'10.G14.129 of Circamustela peignei n. sp. from Batallones-5: A, buccal view; B, lingual view; C, occlusal view; D, mesial view; E, distal view. Scale bar: 5 mm.

FIG. 8 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 8. — Bivariate plot of the length (L) and with (W) of the M1 of Neogene martens. The linear regression a' (r2 = 0.73) is defined by relatively hypercarnivorous martens, characterized by short M1 talon and comprise Circamustela spp., and Sinictis. The linear regression b' (r2 = 0.75) is defined by more generalist taxa, characterized by longer M1 talon, comprising Pekania Gray, 1865, Paramartes Kretzoi, 1952 and Martes Pinel, 1792. The values are given in mm. Abbreviations: r2, coefficient of determination. M1s pictures are showed scaled between them. Sources: Zdansky (1924); Viret (1951); Mein (1958); Petter (1976); Schmidt-Kittler (1995); Morlo (1997); Montoya et al. (2011); Wang et al. 2012; Peigné (2012); Samuels & Cavin (2013).

FIG. 3 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 3. — Micro CT-scan reconstruction of the fragmentary cranium BAT-3'10.1246 of Circamustela peignei n. sp. from Batallones-3: A, Ventral view; B, sagittal slice; C, horizontal slice; D, transversal slice. Abbreviations: ac, accessory crest; as, accessory septum; co, cochleae; eam, external auditory meatus; fm, foramen magnum; oc, occipital condyle. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 2 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 2. — Cranium and upper dentition of Circamustela peignei n. sp. from Batallones-3: A-E, cranium BAT-3'10.1570 (Holotype); A, lateral view; B, dorsal view; C, occlusal view of the Micro CT-scan reconstruction; D, rostral view; E, caudal view; F-L, fragmentary cranium BAT-3'11.1041, comprising the muzzle (F-G), a left fragment of the maxillary with a fragmented P3 and a complete P4 (H-I) and an isolated right P4 (J-L); F, dorsal view; G, rostral view; H, buccal view; I, occlusal view; J, buccal view; K, lingual view; L, occlusal view. Scale bar: 20 mm.

FIG. 9 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 9. — Bivariate plot of the length (L) and with (W) of the m1 of Neogene martens. The linear regression a' (r2 = 0.37) is defined by relatively hypercarnivorous mustelids, characterized by slender m1 and comprise Circamustela spp., and Sinictis. The linear regression b' (r2 = 0.73) is defined by more generalist taxa, characterized by robust m1 talonid, comprising Pekania Gray, 1865, Paramartes Kretzoi, 1952 and Martes Pinel, 1792. The values are given in mm. Abbreviations: r2, coefficient of determination. Same legend than Figure 6 and m1s pictures are showed scaled between them. Source: Zdansky (1924); Pilgrim (1931); Colbert (1933, 1935); Viret (1951); Kretzoi (1952); Mein (1958); Petter (1963; 1964, 1967); Pons-Moyà (1990); Schmidt-Kittler (1995); Roussiakis (2002); Ghaafar et al. (2004); Montoya et al. (2011); Wang et al. (2012); Peigné (2012); Samuels & Cavin (2013).

FIG. 4 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 4. — Micro CT-scan reconstruction of the fragmentary cranium BAT-3'10.1246 of Circamustela peignei n. sp. from Batallones-3: A-D, the skull and jaw are shown in semitransparent turquoise and the dentition in grayscale; A, rostral view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view; D, lateral view; E, upper dentition, occlusal view; F, lower dentition, occlusal view; G-I, left hemimandible; G, buccal view; H, lingual view; I, occlusal view. Scale bars: A-D, 10 mm; E-I, 5 mm.

FIG. 7 in A new hypercarnivorous mustelid (Mammalia, Carnivora, Mustelidae) from Batallones, late Miocene (MN10), Torrejón de Velasco, Madrid, Spain

FIG. 7. — Main comparative material of species of late Miocene martens and marten-like mustelids from Eurasia analysed herein: A, BAT-3'10.1570, micro CTscan reconstruction of the left upper dentition of Circamustela peignei n. sp. (holotype) from Batallones-3, occlusal view; B-D, left hemimandible BAT-3'13.1048 of Circamustela peignei n. sp. (paratype) from Batallones-3; B, buccal view; C, lingual view; D, occlusal view; E, IPS-28086, left M1 of Circamustela dechaseauxi

Fig. 5 in Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)

Fig. 5. Median-joining haplotype network for Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912 Cytb haplotypes (top: 837 bp, bottom: 235 bp). The size of each circle is proportional to the haplotype frequency. White = central Vietnam clade; grey = northern Vietnam clade, black = China.

Fig. 4 in Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)

Fig. 4. Median-joining haplotype network for Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray, 1837) Cytb haplotypes (top: 837 bp, bottom: 253bp). The size of each circle is proportional to the haplotype frequency. The colours of the haplotypes correspond to those on the map: black = Borneo; dark grey = Siberut Island (Mentawai Islands); light grey = Penang Island (Peninsular Malaysia); white = Sumatra; hatched = Zoo samples (on top network: Singapore Zoo (H2), Negara Zoo, Kuala Lumpur (H7) and Batu Secret Zoo & Maharani Zoo, Java (H8)).

Fig. 1 in Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)

Fig. 1. Map showing the distribution of the samples of Hemigalinae used in this study. The gray shadings show the range of Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912, Cynogale bennettii Gray, 1837 and Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray, 1837); Diplogale hosei (Thomas, 1892) is only found on Borneo and Macrogalidia musschenbroekii (Schlegel, 1879) only occurs on Sulawesi. The size of the sample symbols corresponds to the number of samples from each area (the smallest equals 1, and the largest equals 12–14).

Fig. 2. Bayesian tree reconstructed from a in Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)

Fig. 2. Bayesian tree reconstructed from a combined dataset of Cytb + ND2 + FGB + IRBP (3342 bp). The values on the branches are bayesian posterior probabilities for the partitioned analysis (see text for models) and bootstrap proportions obtained from ML analysis (model: GTR + I + G).

Fig. 3 in Molecular systematics and biogeography of the Hemigalinae civets (Mammalia, Carnivora)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree obtained with NJ for a fragment of Cytb (893 bp). The values over the branches are the bootstrap proportions for NJ, and below the branches are those for ML. Co = Chrotogale owstoni Thomas, 1912; Hd = Hemigalus derbyanus (Gray, 1837); Dh = Diplogale hosei (Thomas, 1892); Cb = Cynogale bennettii Gray, 1837.

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Fig. 45. Distribution maps. A–B in The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Fig. 45. Distribution maps. A–B. Neoromicia somalica (Thomas, 1901). C–D. Neoromicia tenuipinnis (Peters, 1872). E–F. Neoromicia zuluensis (Roberts, 1924). A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.

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Fig. 42. Distribution maps. A–B. Laephotis angolensis Monard, 1935. C–D. Laephotis botswanae Setzer, 1971. E–F in The bats of the Congo and of Rwanda and Burundi revisited (Mammalia: Chiroptera)

Fig. 42. Distribution maps. A–B. Laephotis angolensis Monard, 1935. C–D. Laephotis botswanae Setzer, 1971. E–F. Mimetillus moloneyi (Thomas, 1891). A, C, E. Distribution in the CRB area. B, D, F. Pan-African distribution.