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62 results for “Marine heatwaves”
Dataset and scripts from: Predicting organismal response to marine heatwaves using dynamic thermal tolerance landscape models
<p>Marine heatwaves (MHWs) can cause thermal stress in marine organisms, experienced as extreme 'pulses' against the gradual trend of anthropogenic warming. When thermal stress exceeds organismal capacity to maintain homeostasis, organism survival becomes time-limited and can result in mass mortality events. Current methods of detecting and categorizing MHWs rely on statistical analysis of historic climatology, and do not consider biological effects as a basis of MHW severity. The reemergence of ectotherm thermal tolerance landscape models provides a physiological framework for assessing the lethal effects of MHWs by accounting for both the magnitude and duration of extreme heat events. Here, we used a simulation approach to understand the effects of a suite of MHW profiles on organism survival probability across 1) three thermal tolerance adaptive strategies, 2) interannual temperature variation, and 3) seasonal timing of MHWs. We identified survival isoclines across MHW magnitude and duration where acute (short duration-high magnitude) and chronic (long duration-low magnitude) events had equivalent lethal effects on marine organisms. While most research attention has focused on chronic MHW events, we show similar lethal effects can be experienced by more common but neglected acute marine heat spikes. Critically, a statistical definition of MHWs does not accurately categorize biological mortality. By letting organism responses define the extremeness of a MHW event, we can build a mechanistic understanding of MHW effects from a physiological basis. Organism responses can then be transferred across scales of ecological organization and better predict marine ecosystem shifts to MHWs. </p>
Data from : "The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: an "El Niño - Madden-Julian Oscillation" compound event"
<p>File : PD-JRA-v1-c6_TMLtrend_1993-2022.nc</p> <p>Daily mixed layer temperature budget between 1993 and 2022 from a NEMO simulation.</p> <p>Data were extracted over the Southwest Pacific region [142.5°E-222.5°E;45°S;1°N].</p> <p>These data were used in Dutheil et al., (2024) The massive 2016 marine heatwave in the Southwest Pacific: an “El Niño - Madden-Julian Oscillation” compound event</p>
Marine Heatwave Prediction
<p>These datasets will be used in the <a href="https://2021noaaaiworkshop.sched.com/">3rd NOAA AI Workshop on Leveraging AI in Environmental Sciences</a> Hackathon for marine heatwave prediction occurring Tuesday–Friday, September 7–10. The goals of this hackathon are to develop innovative ways to understand the relationships between air-sea interactions and the presence/absence of marine heatwave events using historical climatology data. </p>
Marine Heatwave Tracking with Ocetrac and OISST
<p>These netCDF files contain the preprocessed NOAA OISST v2.1 data and corresponding Ocetrac labels. The preprocessed data (<strong>preprocessed_oisst_mhw_stats.nc</strong>) contains global maps of monthly sea surface temperature decomposed into the mean, trend, seasonal cycle, and remaining variability. Summary statistics of marine heatwave events are provided and include the mean event duration, total count, and mean event intensity. These statistics are computed with the monthly OISST anomalies between 09-1981 and 06-2021. The resulting labeled marine heatwaves identified using Ocetrac and are contained in <strong>ocetrac_labels.nc</strong>.</p>
Tolerance of coralline algae to ocean warming and marine heatwaves
<p>Ocean warming (OW) and marine heatwaves (MHWs) rapidly transform marine ecosystems, especially when they impact keystone or foundation species. Foundation species such as kelps, fucoids and corals are highly sensitive to heat stress, which threatens the future of temperate seaweed forests and tropical reefs. However, functioning and resilience of these systems also rely on the less conspicuous coralline algae, whose thermal tolerances have gone largely untested. Here, we examined the sensitivity of four temperate coralline algal morphotypes from three different species to four realistic present-day and future OW and MHW scenarios (ambient [16°C constant]; ambient+MHW [16°C baseline + a symmetric two-week heatwave with a peak intensity of 18.7°C]; future [18.7°C constant]; future+MHW [18.7°C baseline + a symmetric two-week heatwave with a peak intensity of 21.4°C]). Photo-physiology (e.g., Fv/Fm) and calcification physiology (e.g., proxies for calcifying fluid saturation state Ω CF ) were generally unaffected by the treatments, implying a high thermo-tolerance of our study species compared to other important marine foundation species. We ascribe this mainly to their photosynthetic apparatus that, unlike in other photoautotrophs, continued to function under heat stress. Experimental evidence presented here and elsewhere implies that coralline algae are likely to continue to play their crucial ecological roles in a warming ocean. Yet, such predictions are fraught with uncertainty due to the substantial gaps in our knowledge. We attempt to highlight some of these gaps and aim to present potential physiological underpinnings of their thermo-tolerance.</p>
Marine heatwave projection output as in Hayashida et al. (2020)
<p><strong>There are two files</strong></p> <p><em>grid_spec_simple.nc</em> contains the grid information for OFAM3 (e.g. longitude, latitude, cell area).</p> <p><em>mhwout_1982-2018_OFAM_cmip5.nc</em> contains the MHW metrics over 1982-2050 simulated by OFAM3:</p> <ol> <li>It’s a 4D array [3, 69, 1200, 3600], where:</li> <li>The first dimension refers to the MHW metric (count, total_days, total_icum). ‘count’ is the frequency (number of MHW events in a year), ‘total_days’ is the annual MHW days, and ‘total_icum’ is the total cumulative intensity (degree days). To calculate mean MHW intensity (as in Hayashida et al. (2020)), you need to divide ‘total_icum’ by ‘total_days’.</li> <li>The second dimension is the years from 1982-2050.</li> <li>The third and fourth dimensions are the latitude and longitude grid points.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Reference </strong></p> <p>Hayashida, H., Matear, R.J., Strutton, P.G. <em>et al.</em> Insights into projected changes in marine heatwaves from a high-resolution ocean circulation model. <em>Nat Commun</em> <strong>11</strong>, 4352 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18241-x</p>
Data for: Seasonal variability in resilience of a coral reef fish to marine heatwaves and hypoxia
<p>Climate change projections indicate more frequent and severe tropical marine heatwaves (MHWs) and accompanying hypoxia year-round. However, most studies have focused on peak summer peak conditions under the assumption that annual maximum temperatures will induce the greatest physiological consequences. This study challenges this idea by characterizing seasonal MHWs (i.e., mean, maximum, and cumulative intensities, durations, heating rates, and mean annual occurrence) and comparing metabolic traits (i.e., standard metabolic rate (SMR), Q10 of SMR, maximum metabolic rate (MMR), aerobic scope, and critical oxygen tension (<em>P</em><sub>crit</sub>)) of winter- and summer-acclimatized convict tang (<em>Acanthurus</em> <em>triostegus</em>) to the combined effects of MHWs and hypoxia. Fish were exposed to one of six MHW treatments with seasonally varying maximum intensities (winter: 24.5, 26.5, 28.5°C; summer: 28.5, 30.5, 32.5°C), representing past and future MHWs under IPCC projections (i.e., +0, +2, +4°C). Surprisingly, MHW characteristics did not significantly differ between seasons, yet SMR was more sensitive to winter MHWs (mean Q10 = 2.92) than summer MHWs (mean Q10 = 1.81), despite higher absolute summer temperatures. Concurrently, MMR increased similarly among winter +2°C and +4°C treatments (i.e., 26.5, 28.5°C) and all summer MHW treatments, suggesting a ceiling for maximal MMR increase. Aerobic scope did not significantly differ between seasons nor among MHW treatments. While mean <em>P</em><sub>crit</sub> did not significantly vary between seasons, warming of +4°C during winter (i.e., 28.5°C) significantly increased <em>P</em><sub>crit</sub> relative to the winter control group. Contrary to the idea of increased sensitivity to MHWs during the warmest time of year, our results reveal heightened sensitivity to the deleterious effects of winter MHWs, and that seasonal acclimatization to warmer summer conditions may bolster metabolic resilience to warming and hypoxia. Consequently, physiological sensitivity to MHWs and hypoxia may extend across larger parts of the year than previously expected, emphasizing the importance of evaluating climate change impacts during cooler seasons when essential fitness-related traits such as reproduction occur in many species.</p>
Surface and subsurface summer marine heatwave output from CMCC-SPS3.5 seasonal forecast system, GREP reanalysis and ESA CCI SST.
<p>The attached data files were used to produce the figures and analysis in the following study:</p> <p>McAdam, R., Masina, S., Gualdi. S<em>.</em> Seasonal forecasting of subsurface marine heatwaves. <em>Nature Comms. Earth & Env. </em>(2023). </p>
Marine heatwave prediction using machine learning - Moana Project
<p>This datasets includes results of the PCA analysis used in the repository https://github.com/metocean/marineheatwave_ml_moana</p> <p> </p>
Biological and biogeochemical responses of benthic communities to marine heatwaves - BioHeat
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Dataset and scripts from: Predicting organismal response to marine heatwaves using dynamic thermal tolerance landscape models
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Tolerance of coralline algae to ocean warming and marine heatwaves
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Data for: Seasonal variability in resilience of a coral reef fish to marine heatwaves and hypoxia
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Data from: Contrasting effects of rhizosphere and sediment microbiota on seagrass performance in response to a simulated marine heatwave
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More but smaller: Marine heatwaves exacerbate size truncation in overfished fish communities in the Skagerrak
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Data and code from: Evidence of rare occurrences of the Phoenix effect in the Hawaiian corals Porites compressa and Montipora capitata following mortality induced by a marine heatwave
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Data from: Zooplankton responses to simulated marine heatwave in the Mediterranean Sea using in situ mesocosms
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Local-scale climatic refugia offer sanctuary for a habitat-forming species during a marine heatwave
<p><b>1. </b>Gradual climate change and discrete extreme climatic events have driven shifts in the structure of populations and the distribution of species in many marine ecosystems. The most profound impacts of recent warming trends have been generally observed at species' warm edges and on large conspicuous species. However, given that <span>different species and populations exhibit different responses to warming, and that responses are highly variable at regional scales, </span>there is a need <span>to broaden the evidence to include less conspicuous species and to focus on both local and regional scale processes.</span></p> <p><b>2. </b>We examined the population dynamics of canopy-forming seaweed populations situated at the core range of their distribution during a regional marine heatwave (MHW) event that occurred in the Mediterranean Sea in 2015, to determine between-site variability in relation to the intensity of the MHW. We combined field observations with a thermo-tolerance experiment to elucidate mechanisms underlying observed responses.</p> <p><b>3.</b> Despite our study populations are located in the species core range, the MHW was concomitant with a high mortality and structural shifts in only one of the two surveyed populations, most likely due to differences in habitat characteristics between sites (e.g. degree of shelter and seawater transfer). The experiment showed high mortalities at temperatures of 28 ºC, having the most severe implications for early life stages and fertility, which is consistent with warming being the cause of population changes in the field. Crucially, the regional-scale quantification of the MHW (as described by satellite-derived SSTs) did not capture local-scale variation in MHW conditions at the study sites, which likely explained variation in population-level responses to warming.</p> <p><b>4. </b><i>Synthesis.</i> Enclosed and semi-enclosed seas, such as the Mediterranean Sea, often highly impacted by human perturbations, are also global hotspots for ocean warming and are highly susceptible to future MHWs. Our findings highlight that local-scale variability in the magnitude of extreme climatic events can lead to local extinctions of already fragmented populations of habitat-forming seaweeds, even towards the species' core range. However, our results highlight the potential for local-scale climatic refugia, which could be identified and managed to safeguard the persistence of canopy-forming seaweeds.</p>
Marine heatwaves and bleaching impact on a photosynthetic symbiont-bearing nudibranch (Dataset)
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Chen et al (2021) Mesoscale and Submesoscale Shelf-Ocean Exchanges Initialize an Advective Marine Heatwave
<p>data and software for Chen et al (2021) "Mesoscale and Submesoscale Shelf-Ocean Exchanges Initialize an Advective Marine Heatwave" in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.